1、第7节 非谓语动词,专题一 第二部分 基础语法,非谓语动词是语法填空的核心考点，一般不少于2题，旨在考查考生对不同的非谓语形式的用途能否准确把握和运用。一般从以下四个角度： 过去分词、现在分词、不定式和动名词。 非谓语形式在句中不能作句子的谓语成分，但可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语或宾补。,真题诊断,考点突破,专项训练,内容索引,真题诊断,【单句语法填空】 1.You dont have to run fast or for long (1) (see) the benefit.You may drink，smoke，be overweight and still reduce your r
2、isk of (2)_ (die) early by running.(2018全国),答案,解析,(1)解析 根据句意“要见到效果，你不必快跑或长时间地跑”，to see作目的状语。,to see,dying,(2)解析 介词of后接动词时要用其动名词形式dying。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,2,9,10,11,12,2.Chinas approach to protecting its environment while (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers wo
3、rldwide，” says the banks Juergen Voegele.(2018全国),feeding,答案,解析,解析 China与feed是主动关系，所以用“连词现在分词”形式作状语。故填feeding。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,2,9,10,11,12,3.Another reason for corns rise：The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice (improve) water quality. (2018全国),to improve,答案,解析,解析 根据语境“改善水质”是“政
4、府鼓励农民种玉米而不种水稻”的目的，故用动词不定式作目的状语。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,2,9,10,11,12,4.I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid (look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged.(2018全国),looking,答案,解析,解析 avoid后接动名词作宾语。avoid doing sth. 避免做某事。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,2,9,10,11,12,5.Sixteen years earlier，Pahlsson had remo
5、ved the diamond ring (cook) a meal.(2017浙江),to cook,答案,解析,解析 此处用不定式表示“目的”，指摘掉戒指的目的是为了做饭，故填to cook。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,2,9,10,11,12,6.Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got_ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden. (2017浙江),答案,解析,解析 此处为get done结构，表示被动关系。句意为：
6、Pahlsson和她丈夫现在认为，那枚戒指可能是被扫进了厨房的垃圾堆里，然后被撒到花园里去了。,swept,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,2,9,10,11,12,7.For 25 days，she never left her baby，not even to find something (eat)！(2016四川),答案,解析,解析 不定式to eat作定语，修饰前面的不定代词something。,to eat,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,2,9,10,11,12,8.If you find something you love doing outside of the office，yo
7、ull be less likely (bring) your work home.(2016全国),答案,解析,解析 be likely to do sth. 可能做某事，为固定搭配。故填to bring。,to bring,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,2,9,10,11,12,9.I was the first Western TV reporter (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.(2016全国),答案,解析,解析 此处动词permit与所修饰的名词
8、reporter构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故应该使用其过去分词permitted作后置定语。,permitted,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,2,9,10,11,12,10.In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without (use) electric equipment.(2015全国),答案,解析,解析 介词without后用动名词作宾语。,using,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,2,9,1
9、0,11,12,【单句改错】(每小题仅有1处错误) 11.As a kid，I loved to watch cartoons，but no matter how many times I asked to watching them，my parents would not let me.(2018全国),答案,解析,解析 ask to do sth. 意为“请求做某事”。,watch,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,2,9,10,11,12,12.We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.(2016全国),答案,解析,解析 ta
10、king和前面的staying是并列关系。,taking,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,2,9,10,11,12,【诊断报告】,考点突破,1.现在分词作状语 现在分词作状语，其中的动词和其逻辑主语之间形成主动关系。其结构为：,考点一 非谓语动词作状语,2.过去分词作状语 (1)过去分词作状语表示被动的、已完成的动作。 (2)源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语，表示句子主语所处的一种状态，常见的有：seated(坐着的)，devoted(专注的)，lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)等。 3.动词不定式作状语 动词不定式作状语，其中的动词和主句的主语之间要形成主谓
11、关系。在句子中可以充当： (1)目的状语 动词不定式作目的状语常用的形式：to do，so as to，in order to等。,(2)结果状语 在only/just to do结构中表示出乎意料的结果。 (3)原因状语 在be happy/glad/sorry/sad/surprised to do sth. 结构中作状语表原因。 (4)固定结构 用于too.to do，enough to do，so/such.as to do结构中。,例1 单句语法填空 People probably cooked their food in large pots， (use) twigs(树枝) to
12、 remove it.,using,解析 use和句子主语People之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词。此处为现在分词作方式状语。,答案,解析,例2 单句语法填空(order) over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.,解析 句意为：那些书是一个多星期以前订购的，现在有望随时到货。主句的主语books与动词order是逻辑上的动宾关系，故应该使用过去分词形式表示被动，相当于原因状语从句Because they were ordered.。,答案,解析,Ordered,例3 单句改错 I might have to
13、 retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.,解析 分析句子结构可知，句中不缺谓语，故此处为非谓语动词，根据语境可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语。,答案,解析, to,1.现在分词、过去分词作定语 现在分词作定语表示动词与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系，常表示正在进行的动作；过去分词作定语表示动词与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系，常表示已完成的动作。 2.下列情况常用不定式作定语 (1)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或any，no，all，the only等限定的中心词时，常用不定式作定语。 (2)当被修饰词为特定名词时常用不定式作定语
14、，常见的名词有decision，wish，chance，plan，time，effort，ability，attempt等。,考点二 非谓语动词作定语,例4 单句语法填空 Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.,解析 句意为：一家香港的旅游公司Abercrombie & Kent说它定期为居住在上海和香港的人们安排到这里快捷的短假。分析句子可以判断出空格处
15、作people的后置定语，提示词live与people之间是主动关系，所以使用现在分词作定语。,答案,解析,living,例5 单句语法填空 The adobe dwellings(土坯房) (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.,解析 由谓语动词are admired可知空格处填非谓语动词，adobe dwellings与build之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填built。,答案
16、,解析,built,例6 单句语法填空 Whenever it snows，she is always the first (clean) the paths.,解析 be the first to do sth. 表示“第一个做某事”，序数词后用不定式作定语，故填to clean。,答案,解析,to clean,例7 单句改错 The Chinese restaurant naming New Panda Buffet provides genuine Chinese food，which many diners have given 5-star reviews.,解析 restauran
17、t与name之间为被动关系，因此应用过去分词作后置定语。故将naming改为named。,答案,解析,named,1.非谓语动词作宾语的使用规则 (1)只接不定式作宾语的动词：agree，intend，plan，demand，promise，prepare，decide，refuse，choose，wish，hope，want，expect，fail(未能)，pretend，manage，determine，beg，arrange，threaten，claim，hesitate，happen(碰巧)等。 (2)只接v.-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)；admit，avoid，consider，
18、escape(避开)，imagine，mind，miss，practise，suggest，feel like，give up，put off，object to，look forward to等。,考点三 非谓语动词作主语、宾语、表语和补语,(3)接不定式与接v.-ing形式有显著区别的动词： try to do尽力做，try doing试着去做； mean to do打算做，mean doing意味着； regret to do遗憾要去做，regret doing后悔做了； remember to do记得去做，remember doing记得做过； forget to do忘记做，for
19、get doing忘记做了。 (4)动词want，need，require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动语态作宾语。 (5)介词后一般要接v.-ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，若前有实义动词do，不定式要省略to。,2.非谓语动词作宾补的使用规则 (1)现在分词作宾补 现在分词作宾补时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在主动关系，并且现在分词作宾补强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see，watch，observe，look，notice，hear，listen，find，feel)，
20、使役动词(have，get，leave，keep，catch等)。,(2)过去分词作宾补 过去分词作宾补时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see，watch，observe，look，notice，hear，listen，find，feel)，使役动词(have，make，let，get，leave，keep等)。 (3)不定式作宾补 a.常接带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise，allow，ask，cause，command，encourage，expect，forbid，force，get，invite，le
21、ave，order，permit，persuade，prefer，request，warn，wish，call on，depend on/upon等。,b.常接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：help，使役动词(make，have，let)，感官动词。如果这些动词或短语用于被动语态，则to不可省略。动词help后的不定式符号to可以省略，也可以保留。 (4)with宾语宾补 a.with宾语doing(表示主动且进行) b.with宾语done(表示被动且完成) c.with宾语to do(表示将来),3.非谓语动词作主语和表语的使用规则 (1)非谓语动词作主语 不定式作主语表示某一具体
22、的、尤其是未发生的动词；v.-ing形式作主语表示抽象的、泛指的动作，尤其是一般行为。两者可位于句首，也可用it作形式主语，而把不定式或v.-ing形式后置。如： It is/was no use/good doing sth. 如：It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。,(2)非谓语动词作表语 现在分词interesting，exciting，disappointing，encouraging，worrying，puzzling，satisfying，surprising，pleasing等作表语时，强调表象，意为“令人的”；形容词化的过去分词in
23、terested，excited，disappointed，encouraged，worried，puzzled，satisfied，surprised，pleased等作表语时，强调内在的感受，意为“感到的”。,例8 单句语法填空 My ambassadorial duties will include (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.,答案,解析,解析 由句子结构
24、可知，introduce作谓语动词include的宾语，而include后需跟动名词作宾语。,introducing,例9 单句语法填空 I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused (stop) until we reached the next stop.,答案,解析,解析 refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事，故填to stop。,to stop,例10 单句改错 My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the
25、 fish. (2018全国),答案,解析,解析 介词by后应用动名词形式，故将sell改为selling。,selling,例11 单句语法填空 Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required (process) the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.(2017全国),答案,解析,解析 require sth. to do sth. 需要某物做某事，此处用了被动语态 结构，所以填动词
26、不定式to process作主语补足语。,to process,例12 单句改错 The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming.,答案,解析,解析 make后跟省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。,feel,例13 单句改错 It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute shes outside.,答案,解析,解析 该句使用了“It isadj.to do sth. ”句型，to后应用动词原形。,understand
27、,常考的固定结构： 1.be likely to do sth. 有可能做某事 2.There is no need to do sth. 没有必要做某事。 3.It takes sb. some time to do sth. 某人花多少时间做某事。 4.be busy (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事 5.spend money/time (in) doing sth. 花费金钱或时间做某事 6.have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 7.prevent/stop.(from) doing sth. 阻止做某事,考点四 固定结
28、构中的非谓语动词,例14 单句语法填空 But unlike school friends,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term (rest).(2017全国),答案,解析,解析 spend.(in) doing sth. 是固定句式，译为：花费做某事。,resting,专项训练,.单句语法填空 1.But Sarah，who has taken part in shows along with top models wants (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.(2017全国),解析
29、want to do sth. 想要做某事，为固定搭配。,答案,解析,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,to prove,2.The national park has a large collection of wildlife， (range) from butterflies to elephants.(2017北京),解析 句意为：国家公园有一大批野生生物，从蝴蝶到大象都有。range from.to.从到(的范围)。a large collection of wildlife与range之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式。,答案,解析,ranging,1,3,4,5,6,7,8
30、,9,10,2,3.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，_ (allow) more patients to be treated.(2017天津),解析 句意为：这家医院最近得到一批新的医疗设备，这使更多的病人能够得到治疗。动词allow与其逻辑主语(前面的整个句子)是逻辑上的主动关系，因此用现在分词作结果状语。,答案,解析,allowing,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,4.Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time (spend) wi
31、th his students.(2017北京),解析 句意为：吉姆已经退休了，不过他仍然记得和学生们一起度过的快乐时光。time与spend之间是被动关系，故此处用过去分词作后置定语。,答案,解析,spent,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,5.The research (do) next week will be about the reading habits of teenagers in middle school.,解析 动词do与其逻辑主语research构成了动宾关系，可知此处应使用过去分词表示被动状态；由next week可知该非谓语动词晚于谓语动词will be发
32、生，故使用to be done，表示“即将进行的研究”。,答案,解析,to be done,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,6.The name “cheongsam” (mean) simply “long dress” entered the English vocabulary from the dialect of Chinas Guangdong Province.,解析 设空处和句子谓语entered之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词，且设空处和句子主语The name构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。,答案,解析,meaning,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,1
33、0,2,7.Once his message was delivered，he allowed me (stay) and watch.(2018全国),解析 allow sb. to do sth. 是固定结构，意为“允许某人做某事”，因此应填to stay。,答案,解析,to stay,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,8. (throw) waste into a river will cause the fish to die and the people who drink the water to get sick.,解析 句意为：往河里丢废弃物会导致鱼死亡，饮用这种水的人
34、会生病。句中缺少主语，且不是具体的某一次动作，而是一般的、泛指的概念，故应用动名词形式，且因位于句首，故填Throwing。,答案,解析,Throwing,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,9.Jenny found a wallet (lie) on the ground.,解析 句中已有谓语动词found，故lie为非谓语动词；且与逻辑主语wallet存在主动关系，故用现在分词短语作宾语补足语。,答案,解析,lying,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,10. (collect) a lot of data of volcano eruption，I began to he
35、lp the researchers to predict the volcano eruption.,解析 分析句子可知，句子已有谓语动词began，故空处应为非谓语动词，又由I与collect之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，且collect动作发生在began之前，故用现在分词的完成式作状语。故填having collected。,答案,解析,Having collected,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误) 11.After waiting for an hour，Katia went home，felt lonely and miserable.,解析
36、 句子的谓语是“went home”，故feel的动作是伴随动作，且与主语Katia之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12,feeling,12.The little bird was lucky that it missed caught.,解析 miss后跟v.-ing作宾语，it与catch之间是被动关系，故在caught前加being。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12, being,13.Its said that much of the energy producing
37、in the world today is wasted.(2018吉林实验中学三模),解析 句意为：据说当今世界(人们)制造的能源有很多都被浪费掉了。应该用produce的过去分词修饰energy作定语，表示被动和已完成的动作。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12,produced,14.To the world，he is an “abnormal creature” belongs to a minority that includes those who cant see，talk or hear.,解析 abnormal creature和belo
38、ng to之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12,belonging,15.That day I had my car trapping in the mud for two hours before the rescue workers arrived.,解析 此处为“have sth. done”结构，my car与trap之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12,trapped,16.If caught sleep in class，y
39、ou will have to clean the classroom for a week as a punishment.,解析 这里If引导的状语从句使用了省略结构，完整的表达是If you are caught sleeping in class，catch只能接现在分词而不能接动词原形作宾补。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12,sleeping,17.Since the director wants us settle the matter as soon as possible，we now have to work it out.,解析 这里
40、用want sb. to do sth. 表示“想让某人做某事”，want接带to的不定式作宾补。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12, to,18.My task is get the rest of us to finish the remaining part of the project.,解析 这里使用了系表结构来阐述某人的任务是什么，此时用不定式作表语。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12, to,19.Before heard his answer，she started to read him almost
41、 every single greeting card out loud until the elderly man smiled.,解析 before为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词，故用hear的动名词形式hearing。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12,hearing,20.His spoken English is so excellent that he has no difficulty communicate with you in English.,解析 have difficulty/trouble/problem (in) doing
42、sth. 为固定结构，意为“做某事有困难”。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12,communicating,.语法填空非谓语动词专练Let children learn 21. (judge) their own work.A child 22_ (learn) to talk does not learn by 23. (correct) all the time；if 24. (correct) too much，he will stop 25. (talk).He notices a thousand times a day the differen
43、ce between his language and others language.Bit by bit，he makes the right changes 26. (make) his language like other peoples.In the same way，children learn to do all the other things.,语篇解读 本文讲了老师应该让学生自己改正错误而不是帮他们改正。,答案,解析25,解析26,语篇解读,解析24,解析23,解析22,解析21,to judge,learning,being corrected,corrected,ta
44、lking,to make,21.解析 固定搭配learn to do sth. 。,22.解析 动词-ing形式作后置定语，故填learning。,23.解析 by doing表方式，此处表示“被改正错误”，故要用被动形式。,24.解析 correct与主句主语he为被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。,25.解析 stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事。,26.解析 不定式表目的。,They learn to talk，run，climb，ride a bicycle by 27. (compare) their own behaviors with those of more 28.
45、(skill) people，and slowly make the 29. (need) changes.But in school teachers never give a child a chance 30. (find) out his mistakes for himself，even fewer chances for him 31. (correct) himself.They do it all for him.Teachers act as if the student would fail 32. (notice) a mistake if they did not po
46、int it out to him.They act as if the student would never correct it unless he was made to.Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher.Let the student do it himself.Let him work out with the help of other children if he wants 33. (know) what this word means and what the answer is to that problem.,答案,解析2
47、9,解析30,解析31,解析32,解析33,解析28,解析27,comparing,skilled,needed,to find,to correct,to notice,to know,27.解析 by doing表方式。,28.解析 过去分词作定语，意为“熟练的”。,29.解析 过去分词作定语，表示“必要的”。,30.解析 固定搭配give sb. a chance to do sth. 。,31.解析 固定搭配chances for sb. to do sth. 。,32.解析 fail to do没能做到。,33.解析 want to do sth. 想要做某事。,.短文改错 (201
48、8山东潍坊一模) As we all know it ，health is very important to us students.Here are some tips on how to grow up healthily. Some students at school were too addicted to phones and computers，which does harm to their health.Therefore，you are strong advised to rid you of them. In addition，sparing some time to
49、build up your body on a regular basis to make you energetic and relaxing.Above all，,答案,are,strongly,yourself/yourselves,spare,relaxed,attach great importance on making friends and communicating with others.Taking active part in various voluntary activities can also be of great beneficial. I hope that the suggestion above will make a difference.,
