1、Unit 1 The written word,知识清单,1. _ n. 诗歌 2. _ n. 古董，文物 3. _ n. 特征，特点adj. 典型的，独特的，特有的 4. _ vt. 虐待；辱骂；滥用 5. _ n. 紧张气氛；紧张；矛盾 6. _ n. 故事情节；阴谋，密谋vt. 密谋；绘制(图表) 7. _ adj. 慷慨的，大方的；宽厚的，仁慈的,antique,abuse,poetry,plot,generous,tension,characteristic,(一)基本单词,单词,8. _ adj. 死板的，僵化的；坚硬的 9. _ adj. 弯曲的；驼背的；不诚实的 n. 天赋，爱
2、好 10. _ n. 主题，主题思想；主题音乐 11. _ n. 转折；转变；转动；急转弯vi.& vt. (使)弯曲；转动；蜿蜒 12. _ adj. 虚荣的，自负的；徒劳的，无结果的 13. _ n. 恶行，恶习，罪恶 14. _v. 反抗，抵制，抵挡,bent,theme,twist,vain,rigid,resist,vice,15. _ v. (使)快速旋转；(使)急转身；吐丝结网 v. (高速)旋转 16. _ n. & vi. & vt. 救援，营救 17. _ adj. 最高的，至高无上的 18. _ n. 名声，名誉 19. _ n. 债务，欠款 20. _ vi. 突然出现
3、；跳，蹦,spin,rescue,debt,spring,supreme,reputation,21. _ n. 书迷，书虫 22. _ n. 小说；虚构的事 23. _ n. 小说家 24. _ n. (书的)章，篇，回；时期，时代 25. _ n. 歌剧；歌剧院 26. _ n. 作者 27. _ adj. 有教养的，有礼貌的；平民的 28. _ n. 画家 29. _ n. 百万富翁,bookworm,fiction,novelist,chapter,opera,author,civil,painter,millionaire,30. _ n. 暴力，暴行 31. _ vt. & vi.
4、 (使)重逢，再相聚；(使)再结合 32. _ adj. 自制的；家里做的；国产的 33. _ n. 运动鞋 34. _ vt. 使不能动弹，按住；(用大头针等)固定 n. 大头针；胸针 35. _ adj. 破烂不堪的，废旧的 36. _ n. 信封,violence,reunite,home-made,sneaker,pin,worn out,envelope,37. _ n. 破布，破衣服；抹布 38. _ n. 爱尔兰 39. _ n. 苏格兰 40. _ adj. 神圣的，圣洁的 41. _ n. 遗孀，寡妇 42. _ n. 纪念碑，纪念馆，纪念塑像 43. _ adj. 现代的；
5、当代的 44. _ n. 名誉，名声,rag,Ireland,Scotland,holy,widow,monument,modern-day,reputation,45. _ n. 曲调，曲子 vt. 调音；调节 46. _ n. 胸部，胸膛；大箱子 47. _ vi.&vt. 吐唾沫（表示愤怒或鄙视）；吐，唾（唾沫、食物等） 48. _ vi.&vt. (使)押韵 n. 押韵；押韵短诗,tune,chest,spit,rhyme,49. _ adj. 铤而走险的，拼命的，绝望的；非常需，渴望 _ adv. 拼命地，绝望地 50. _ n. 罪犯 adj.犯罪的，犯法的；刑法的 _n. 罪行，
6、罪 51. _ adj. 暴力的，粗暴的；猛烈的_n. 暴力，暴行 52. _n. 威胁，恐吓 _v. 威胁,threat,threaten,criminal,crime,desperate,violent,violence,desperately,(二)派生单词,53. _vt. & vi. & n. (使)改过自新，改造；改革，改良 _ n. 改革者，改造者 _ n. 改善；改进；改造；改革 54. _vt. 热爱，喜爱，爱慕 _ n. 敬慕，爱慕 _ adj. 值得爱慕的，可爱的,reform,reformer,reformation,adore,adoration,adorable,5
7、5. _adj. 浪漫主义的；浪漫的 _ n. 浪漫史 56. _ vt.& vi. 打算，计划，想要 _ n. 意图，目的；打算 _adj. 故意的，蓄意的 _ adv. 故意地，蓄意地,romance,romantic,intend,intention,intentional,intentionally,1. _与大不相同 2. _与无关 3. _ 以为基础 4. _ 决心做某事(通常指坏事) 5. _躲避；忙碌，不停地奔波 6. _ 达到，符合(期望) 7. _ 破烂不堪的；筋疲力尽的,be quite different from have nothing to do with be
8、based on be bent on (doing) sth.on the run live up to be worn out,短语,8. _ 救援某人，帮助某人 9. _ 有的名声 10. _ 为了纪念 11. _ 属于 12. _ 谈及，涉及 13. _ 目的是作为某物/目的是做某事 14. _ 音调准确；演奏合调,come to ones rescue have a reputation for in honour of belong to touch on be intended for/to do sth. in tune,This makes them difficult fo
9、r some people to read, so they often left to gather dust on shelves. make + 宾语 + adj. + (for sb.) to do,2. Pips sister often abuses him, but Joe is a kind and simple man who would rather die than see any harm come to Pip.would rather do than do 宁愿也不愿,句式,核心要点,1. characteristic n. 特征，特点adj. 特有的；独特的；表示
10、特性的；显示的特征的,【归纳】be characteristic of 是特有的It is characteristic of sb. to do sth.做某事是某人的特点/ 某人是会做某事的人 【拓展】character n. 性格；特性；角色；符号,单词, She spoke _. 她说话带着特有的热情。 Exquisite workmanship is the _ these artistic handworks.工艺精美是这些工艺品的突出特点。 It is _ that.他就是会说那种话的人。 Her _ makes her very charming. 她生动活泼的性格使她非常富有
11、魅力。,with characteristic enthusiasm,outstanding characteristic of,characteristic of him to say,lively character,2. abuse n. 滥用；恶习；侮辱；恶言v. 滥用；虐待；辱骂,【归纳】child abuse 虐待儿童abuse ones power 滥用权力, Laws against _ should be stiffened up. 反对虐待儿童的法律应该严格执行。,child abuse, His political reputation was ruined by his
12、 _. 他因滥用职权而破坏了政治声誉。 When he saw us, he fired off _. 他见到我们时，就一个劲地大骂。 He _ while in office. 他在职时滥用权力。 Several of the children _.其中几个儿童身体受到了虐待。,a string of abuse,abuse of the power,abused his power,were physically abused,3. desperate adj. 铤而走险的，拼命的，绝望的；极度渴望的；非常需要的,【归纳】be desperate for sth. 渴望某物be despe
13、rate to do sth. 渴望做某事in desperate need of 非常需要, They begged for help _. 他们在走投无路的情况下恳求援助。 He _ when he lost all his money. 当他丢了所有的钱时，他绝望了。 The man lost in the desert _ water. 在沙漠中迷失方向的人极度渴望得到水。,in the desperate situation,was desperate,was desperate for,He has been out of work for a long time, so he i
14、s _ to get a job. A. characteristic B. particular C. desperate D. stubborn,C,4. vain adj. 虚荣的，自负的；徒劳的，无结果的,【归纳】a vain attempt/effort 徒劳的尝试/努力in vain 徒劳地；无意义地try in vain to do sth. 枉费心机地试图做某事, I tried to make his peace with her, but _. 我试图使他与她和好，但还是白搭。 She is _, and yet people like her. 她自负而愚蠢，然而人们喜欢
15、她。 They _ to reach the mountaintop. 他们几次徒然尝试想攀登山顶。 He _ get into contact with the local branch.他试图与当地分部取得联络，但没有成功。,in vain,vain and foolish,made vain attempts,tried in vain to,Thank God youre safe! I stepped back, just _ to avoid the racing car. A. in time B. in case C. in need D. in vain,A,5. resis
16、t v.反抗，抵制，抵挡；使不受的伤害；忍住,【归纳】resist (doing) sth. 抵制(做)某事cant resist doing sth. 抵挡不住做某事的诱惑 【拓展】resistant adj. 有抵抗力的be resistant to . 对抗拒的resistance n. 抵抗，反抗, If the enemy _, wipe them out. 如果敌人继续抵抗，就把他们消灭掉。 He could not _ money. 他不能抵制金钱的诱惑。 Some substances _. 有些物质能抗酸。 I have a sweet tooth and _ chocola
17、te and ice cream. 我喜欢吃甜食，见到巧克力和冰淇淋就想吃。,continue to resist,resist the lure of,resist acid,cant resist eating,According to Swan, the purpose of her design project is to enable children to _ the temptation of TV. A. resist B. object C. refuse D. oppose,A,The watch was so beautiful and it happened to be
18、 40% off, so I couldnt resist_ it. A. to buy B. buying C. to have bought D. from buying,B,6. rescue n. & v. 救援，营救,【归纳】rescue sb. from 从营救某人rescue sth. from 使某物免于come/go to ones rescue 前来/去救某人rescue workers 救援人员, He held on to a branch until we _. 他抓住一根树枝，直到我们把他救下来。,came to his rescue, The storm exti
19、nguished their last hope _. 风暴使他们最后的获救希望破灭了。 _ rushed to the site of the plane crash. 抢救人员冲向飞机坠毁的现场。 He _ drowning at the cost of his own life. 他救了这孩子，使其免于被淹死，却牺牲了 自己的生命。,for rescue,Rescue workers,rescued the boy from,7. reputation n. 名声，名誉,【归纳】have a good/bad reputation for . 由于有好/坏的名声live up to on
20、es reputation 不负盛名，名副其实ruin ones reputation 名誉扫地earn/establish/build a reputation 赢得/确立/树立声誉, He _ a physician. 他是位很有名的内科医师。 He _ his learning. 他在学识方面享有很高的声誉。 His works _.他的作品不负盛名。,has a good reputation as,earned a high reputation for,lived up to his reputation,The doctor is skilled at treating hear
21、t trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good _. A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization,B,8. intend v. 打算，计划，想要；意指，意思是,【归纳】intend that . 打算intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事intend sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物had intended to do st
22、h./intended to have done sth. 本来打算做某事be intended for 为准备的be intended to be/do sth. 目的是作为某物/目的是做某事, I _ listen to this rubbish any longer! 我再也不想听这种无稽之谈了。 Did he _ the cost of the dinner? 他是想让我们同他一起分担这顿饭的费用吗? The book _ beginners. 本书是为初学者编写的。,dont intend to,intend us to share,is intended for, Im sorry
23、; I _ when I said that. 对不起，我说那事并无恶意。 I _ you, but I too busy to do so. 我本打算打电话给你，但我太忙，没有如愿。,intended no offence,had intended to call/intended to have called,The posts are intended _ students who have recently completed a first degree in biology. A. to B. for C. by D. as,B,The international agreemen
24、t, _ encourage children not to smoke and help people kick the habit, was signed on February. A. intending to B. being intended to C. intended to D. to intend to,C,1. live up to 达到，符合(期望)；不辜负,【拓展】live on 以为主食；靠为生；继续存在live with 忍受；与住在一起live through 经历(艰难或险境)live a . life 过着的生活,短语, I try _ the high sta
25、ndard of the school. 我力求达到这所学校的高标准要求。 He didnt _ his reputation. 他的生活与他的名声不符。 The doctor doubted whether the patient would _ that month. 医生拿不准那个病人是否能活过那个月。 Most of Asians _ rice. 多数亚洲人以大米为主食。,live up to,live on,to live up to,live through, These traditions will _ for centuries. 这些传统将世代相传。 They learne
26、d _ each others imperfections. 他们学会了容忍对方的缺点。 Its a pleasure for me _ you. 和你一起生活对我来说是件愉快的事情。,to live with,live on,to live with,We think highly of Mr. White because he always _ his principles. A. lives on B. lives up to C. lives through D. lives with,B,In modern times, people have to learn to _ all k
27、inds of pressure although they are leading a comfortable life.keep with stay with C. meet with D. live with,D,2. be bent on (doing) sth.决心做某事(通常指坏事)；一心想要做某事,【拓展】 “决心要做，决定做”的表达方式： decide to do sth. (强调动作) make a decision to do sth. (强调动作) make up ones mind to do sth. (强调动作) determine to do sth. (强调动作
28、) be determined to do sth. (强调状态), Joyce _ a new house. 乔伊斯一心想买一套新住房。 I _ my purpose at any cost. 我决心不惜任何代价达到目的。 The two boys _ it out. 两个孩子决定打出个胜负来。,is bent on buying,am determined to attain,determined to fight,She is _ on becoming a musician, so she has given up her other hobbies and is engaged in
29、 music. A. bent B. buried C. devoted D. kept,A,3. have a reputation for以而获得名声He _ his laziness. 他因懒惰而出名。 当have a reputation结构后用的是 “being +形容词”时，for可以用of代替。She _ being generous. 她因慷慨大方而博得好评。,has a reputation of,has a reputation for,This makes them difficult for some people to read, so they often left
30、 to gather dust on shelves. make + 宾语 + adj. + (for sb.) to doToo many new words make the passage difficult for children to read. 也可以转换成：make + it + adj. (for sb.) to do sth.Too many new words make it difficult for children to read the passage.,句式,2. Pips sister often abuses him, but Joe is a kind a
31、nd simple man who would rather die than see any harm come to Pip.would rather than 宁愿也不愿 1) would rather 后直接接动词的原形； I _ go tomorrow than today. 我宁愿明天去，不愿今天去。,would rather,would rather后面接从句时要用虚拟语气。表示现在或将来时，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时；若从句中表示过去，动词用过去完成时。 They _ I _ there tomorrow.他们宁愿我明天去那里。 I _ that you _ to the ci
32、nema yesterday evening. 要是你昨晚没去看电影就好了。,would rather,went,hadnt gone,would rather,表示“宁可干而不干”要用句型would rather do sth. than do sth. Id rather stay at home than go out. 我宁可呆在家里也不出去。 注：若than前后动词相同，则可省略than后面的动词，只保留与than前面不同的成分。 Id _ a novel _ a poem. 我宁愿看小说而不愿朗读诗歌。,rather read,than,I. 根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母或汉
33、语提示， 写出该单词的正确形式 （每空限填一词）。 1. I meant it to be an informal discussion, but it didnt turn out as I i_ it should. 2. Mr. Wangs r_ was destroyedwhen he was caught stealing things in thesupermarket.,intended,reputation,巩固练习,3. For years I was an alcoholic, but I r_ when the doctor gave me a strict warnin
34、g. 4. The situation is d_ the people in the hurricane-stricken area have no food, very little water and no medical supplies. 5. It is _ (慷慨的) of the couple to distribute food to the homeless every day.,reformed,desperate,generous,II. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。The _ (violence) scenes in the film were cut when
35、it was shown on television. 2. The incident has further increased the _ (tense) between the two countries. 3. A Christmas Carol was written by Charles Dickens, one of the greatest British _ (novel) of the 19th century.,violent,tension,novelists,4. Because of his _ (crime) record Jack finds it very d
36、ifficult to get a job. 5. What _ (character) distinguish the Americans from the Canadians?,criminal,characteristics,III. 用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空 （每个短语限用一次）。 My mother s cooking is so brilliant that I think no one can _ it. 2. Theres no need to _ that injured expressionyou know youre in the wrong.,come to on
37、es rescue give away on the run live up to let out put on,live up to,put on,3. With three young children to take care of, Helen is kept _ every minute of the day. 4. Ill never tell you another secret if you _ this one _.,on the run,let,out,come to ones rescue give away on the run live up to let out put on,5. When John lost his job, his best friend Tim _ by paying his rent. 6. The headmaster _ the prizes at the sports meeting and took pictures with the prize winners.,came to his rescue,gave away,come to ones rescue give away on the run live up to let out put on,
