1、第二部分 语法专题突破,专题十三 简单句,（2017.29,2016.25，2015.26，2015.30，2012.28，2011.32，单项填空）,命题点 1 简单句的基本句型,命题点 2 疑问句,命题点 3 主谓一致和there be 句型,命题点 4 感叹句,命题点 5 祈使句,郴州中考对简单句的考查为高频点(7年6考)，集中考查主谓一致（3次）、感叹句（2次）和there be句型（1次）。均在单项填空中考查。,命题点1 简单句的基本句型,S（主）+Vi.（谓）,谓语动词为不及物动词，能表达完整的意思。,不及物动词后可接状语进行修饰。They (S) talked (V) for h
2、alf an hour （介词短语作状语）. The pen (S) writes (V) smoothly （副词作状语）,考法精讲,1. 很多野生动物处于危险之中。 _ 2. 她下周要和我去爬山。 _,Many wild animals are in danger.,She will go to climb the mountain with me next week./Next week she will go to climb the mountain with me.,综合提升,3. 老师让学生默读课文。 _ 4. 他父亲给了他一些远离吸烟的建议。 _ 5. 玛丽经常在周末去购物。
3、_,The teacher asked/asks the students to read the text in silence.,His father gave him some advice on keeping away from cigarettes.,Mary often goes shopping at weekends.,命题点2 疑问句,郴州中考对疑问句没有单独考查过，但是听力和补全对话都会涉及对疑问词的考查，所以考生有必要掌握疑问句的各种用法。 一般疑问句 一般疑问句是指能够用yes或no来回答的句子。,考法精讲,成分常为含be动词的一般疑问句；含情态动词的一般疑问句；含助
4、动词的一般疑问句。其结构为： 1. Be+主语+其他？如： Is this your English book? Yes, it is./No, it isnt. 2. 情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他？如： Can you help me with my English? Yes, I can./No, I cant.,3. 助动词+主语+动词原形/过去分词+其他？如： Do your parents like English? Yes, they do./No, they dont. Have you finished your homework? Yes, I have./No, I ha
5、vent. 特殊疑问句,如：Who is the girl over there?那边的女孩是谁？ Which book is yours？哪本书是你的？ Whats her job? 她是做什么工作的？ When did you go to Shanghai? 你什么时候去上海的？ Where are you going this summer vacation? 这个暑假你打算去哪儿？,Why were you late for the meeting? 你为什么开会迟到了？ How do you go to school every day? 你每天怎么去上学？,how long多长时间
6、（提问时间段）,how often多久一次（提问频率）,how soon多久以后（对in短语提问）,how many多少（修饰可数名词）,how much多少（修饰不可数名词）；多少钱（提问价格）,how far多远（提问距离）,how old多大（提问年龄）,how词组小结,选择疑问句 选择疑问句是提供两种或两种以上的情况供对方选择一种情况回答的疑问句。选择疑问句不用yes或no回答，只要根据实际情况回答即可。选择疑问句可分为一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句两种。 1.一般选择疑问句：一般疑问句+or+被选择部分。如：,Do you like tea or coffee? I like tea
7、. 2. 特殊选择疑问句：特殊疑问句， A or B？如： Who runs faster, Li Lei or Lin Tao? Li Lei runs faster.,6. _ do you usually share happiness with?My parents and my best friends.A. Who B. Whose C. What 7. _ are these bananas?$3.99.A. How much B. How long C. How many,A,A,综合提升,8. You play the piano so well. _ do youtake
8、piano lessons?I go to piano lessons twice a week.A. How long B. How many C. How often 9. _ bus should I take to the museum?The No. 3 bus. The bus stop is over there.A. How B. Where C. Which,C,C,10. _ do you think of the book I boughtyesterday?I think it is worth reading.A. What B. When C. Why,A,命题点3
9、 主谓一致和there be句型,郴州中考对主谓一致和there be句型的考查为7年4考，其中主谓一致考查3次，there be句型考查1次。均在单项填空中考查。,（ 2016.25，2015.26，2012.28，2011.32，单项填空）,考法精讲,郴州中考对主谓一致涉及的有：with连接两个主语时，谓语要取决于第一个主语；either作主语时，谓语动词用单数；以及both.and连接名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。主谓一致的考查常和时态结合考查，涉及的有现在进行时、一般现在时和现在完成时。,考向一 主谓一致（2016.25，2015.26，2012.28）,解答此类试题时，考生应根据“语法
10、一致原则”、“意义一致原则”和“就近原则”来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。然后再确定句子的时态。对于时态的判定可结合专题十一 动词的时态。 语法一致原则 所谓语法一致，就是句子主语和谓语在语法形式上必须保持一致。,主语成分,谓语,例句,动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句,单数,To learn English well isnt easy. 学好英语不容易。 Reading is learning. 读书就是学习。 What he has said is very important for us all. 他所说的对我们所有人都非常重要。,主语成分,谓语,例句,the number of+可数名词
11、复数,单数,The number of students in our class is 32. 我们班学生人数为32人。,a number of+可数名词复数,复数,A number of trees are cut down. 许多树木被砍倒了。,and或both. and.连接名词,Both John and Mike have attended the meeting. 约翰和迈克都参加了会议。,主语成分,谓语,例句,a lot of/lots of/plenty of/ most of+名词,取决于主语,Lots of people have been there. 很多人去过那儿。
12、,分数或百分数+名词,Two thirds of the work has been finished. 三分之二的工作已经被完成。,主语成分,谓语,例句,集体名词（如：family/ class/team/group/public等）,取决于主语,His family is going to move to Beijing. 他家将搬到北京去。（作为整体时，用单数） The whole family are watching TV. 全家人正在看电视。（侧重成员时，用复数）,意义一致原则所谓意义一致，就是概念一致，谓语动词的形式要和主语所表达的概念一致。,the+某些形容词，表示一类人,复数
13、,The young are energetic. 年轻人很有活力。,and连接并列主语,表示同一个人或物时（即：and后面无冠词）,单数,A famous writer and teacher is going to have a speech in our school. 一位著名的作家兼老师将在我校进行一次演讲。,就近原则所谓就近原则，就是谓语动词形式不与主语一致，而和靠近它的词一致，又叫临近原则。,拓展：就远原则（2016.25）当用作主语的成分后面跟有由with, but, except, besides, including, like, as well as, along wit
14、h, in addition to, rather than, together with等引出的短语时，谓语动词习惯 上要与这些结构前面的主语保持一致（即与比较远的那个 主语保持一致）。如：A woman with two children has come. 一位妇女带着 两个孩子已经来了。Nobody but two students is in the classroom.除了这 两个学生，没有人在教室。,【现学现用】 11. Andy, youd better not eat meat only. Youshould know milk and fruit _ good foryou
15、.A. is B. are C. were 12. Do you need more time to complete thetask?Yes. Another ten days _ enough.A. is B. was C. are,B,A,13. A number of trees _ planted byvolunteers on National Tree-Planting Dayevery year. A. is B. are C. will be 14. Both Linda and I _ interested in Chinese paper cutting.A. are B
16、. is C. am,B,A,15. Not only you but also everyone here _ watching football matches.A. likes B. like C. liked,A,郴州中考对there be的考查涉及主语为单数，谓语动词应为单数形式的用法，且会和时态的考查相结合。解答此类试题时，需要根据系动词后的主语的单复数确定系动词的单复数形式。然后再确定句子的时态。对于时态的判定可结合专题十一 动词的时态。,考向二 there be句型（2011.32）,there be句型的用法1.“There+be+sb./sth.+地点状语”表示“某处有某人
17、/某物。”。be动词必须和主语保持人称和数的一致。如果主语部分是两个或两个以上的并列主语, be动词一般和邻近主语的数和,人称保持一致。如：There is a book and two pencils on the desk. 书桌上有一本书和两支铅笔。2. “There+be+sb./sth.+地点状语”的否定形式是在be动词后面加not, not any或no。如：There is no water in the bottle. 瓶子里面没有水。,3. 若变为一般疑问句, 则需要把be动词提到句首。如：Is there any water in the bottle? 瓶子里有一些水吗？
18、4. there be与have的区别：“there be”意为存在，强调某地有某物，不表示所属关系，have表示所属关系，强调某人有某物。,【现学现用】 16. There _ some good advice about howto reduce air pollution on the Internet.A. are B. is C. have,B,17. Do you know there _ a wonderful football match and two basketball matches on July 15th？Yeah. I am going to watch them
19、.A. will be B. is C. are 18. Whats the matter, Jenny?_ something wrong with my bike.A. It is B. There is C. I have,B,A,综合提升,湖南真题精选,19. （2016郴州25题）Look! A woman with three children _ crossing the street.Lets help them.A. is B. are C. was,A,20.（2015郴州26题）What would you like, coffee or tea?Either _ OK.
20、 I dont mind.A. is B. are C. was 21.（2012郴州28题）Both Alice and I _ the film Titanic before.A. have seen B. has seen C. sees,A,A,22.（2011郴州32题）There _ a big earthquake in Japan this March.Yeah. Many Chinese volunteers went there to help the people in trouble.A. was B. is C. were,A,23.（2017长沙26题）Not on
21、ly my parents but also my sister _ crazy about theTV play in the Name of People.A. is B. are C. have been 24.（2016邵阳28题）One of my friends _ moved to America. I miss her so much.A. has B. have C. are,A,A,25.（2016湘潭33题）There _ a sportsmeeting in our school next month.A. will be B. will have C. is goin
22、g to have 26.（2016永州30题)Neither Li Hua nor I _ good at writing.A. am B. is C. are,A,A,27. Everybody except Mike and Linda _ there when the meeting began.A. are B. was C. were 28. There _ a book and some pens in the bag. Please give them to the old man.A. was B. are C. is,C,2018预测,B,29. The Greens _
23、getting preparationfor their journey now. They are all excited about it.A. is B. were C. are,C,30. There _ an exciting soccer game on TV last night, but I missed it.Oh, what a pity！A. were B. was C. is 31. The twins _ fond of the new idea in the article.A. was B. are C. is,B,B,命题点4 感叹句,郴州中考对感叹句只在单项填
24、空中考查2次。分别考查了what和how感叹句的用法。解答此类试题时，首先观察句子结构，空后是“形容词/副词+主语+谓语”形式或“形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语”形式，则填how；,（2017.29，2015.30,单项填空）,考法精讲,空格后是“形容词+名词”形式，则考虑填what相关的；若名词为可数名词单数，则填what a/an；若名词为不可数名词或可数名词复数，则填what。,常考what和how引导的句式结构,how引导,How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！,How fine the weather is!天气真好！ How well he plays the violin
25、！他小提琴拉得多好啊!,How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数（+主语+谓语）！,How beautiful a painting（it is）!（这是）多漂亮的一幅画啊！,How+主语+谓语！,How time flies！时间过得真快呀！,湖南真题精选,A,32.（2017郴州29题）_ friendly boy heis!Yes. Hes always ready to help others.A. What a B. What C. How,综合提升,33.（2015郴州30题）_ dangerous it is for a child to swim alone in a river
26、!A. What B. What a C. How 34.（2017邵阳28题）_ great basketballplayer Yao Ming is! I like him very much.A. What B. How C. What a,C,C,35. (2016怀化29题) _ nice weather today!Lets go hiking. A. How B. What a C. What 36.（2015长沙26题）Jane Zhang is going tohold a concert here in July. Really? _ exciting news!A. Ho
27、w B. What an C. What,C,C,37.（2015湘潭31题）Our summer vacation will last nearly three months._ long vacation it is!A. How B. What a C. What 38.（2015株洲31题）_ fantastic thedragon boat teams are!A. How B. What C. What a,A,B,2018预测,39. _ bad the weather is today! Whatshall we do today?Lets stay at home and r
28、ead some interesting books.A. How B. What C. How a,A,40. Jane won the first prize in the English speech contest._ big progress she has made! She used to be weak in English.A. How B. What a C. What 41. _ useful dictionary it is! Its very helpful for English study.A. What a B. What an C. How,C,A,命题点5
29、祈使句,郴州近7年真题对祈使句没有考查过。不少考生将“非谓语动词”和“祈使句”区分不清。若句子缺少谓语动词，则是祈使句；若句子不缺少谓语动词，则考查非谓语动词。常见的需要考生熟记的祈使句的结构有以下两种形式：,考法精讲,肯定形式,否定形式,巧学妙记 祈使句，无主语，只用动词就可以。 表示请求或命令，加上please表客气。 如果变成否定句，Dont开头是规律。 No talking!是警示，祈使句用法要牢记。,42. (2017长沙24题）_ carefully, please! Look at the road sign. There is a school ahead.A. Drive B
30、. To drive C. Driving,A,综合提升,湖南真题精选,44. Tommy, _ play basketball in thestreet next time. You may get hit by a car.A. do B. dont C. doesnt,B,2018预测,43.（2015岳阳33题）_ in class. We mustlisten to the teacher carefully. A. Dont sleep B. Not sleep C. To sleep,A,45. _ to smile at your life when you are in trouble, and you will soon be happy again.A. Try B. To try C. Trying 46. _ kind and helpful to the people around us, and we will make the world a better place to live in.A. Be B. Being C. To be,A,A,
