1、一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who 指人，在从句中做主语 （1 ） The boys who are playing football are from Class One. （2 ） Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2.whom 指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 （1 ） Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：关系代词 whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用 who 代替，可省略。 （2 ） The man who/whom you met just now is
2、 my friend. 3.which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 （1 ） Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) （2 ） This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语) 4.that 指人时，相当于 who 或者 whom；指物时，相当于 which。 在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 （1 ） The people that/who come to visit the city are a
3、ll here. (在句子中做主语) （2 ） Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语 ) 5.whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 （1 ） he has a friend whose father is a doctor. （2 ） I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose 指物时，常用以下结构来代替 （3 ） the classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. （4 ）
4、the classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. （5 ） do you like the book whose cover is yellow? （6 ） do you like the book the color of which is yellow? 二、关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导 （1 ） the school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. （2 ） the school in which he once
5、studied is very famous. （3 ） tomorrow i will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. （4 ） tomorrow i will bring here a magazine for which you asked. （5 ） well go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. （6 ） well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have
6、often talked.注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of 等 (1)（1 ） this is the watch which/that i am looking for. (turth) （2 ） this is the watch for which i am looking. (false)2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用 whom，不可用 who 或者 that；指物时用which，不能用 that； （1 ） the man with whom you talked is my frie
7、nd. (t) （2 ） the man who/that you talked with is my friend. (f) （3 ） the plane in which we flew to canada is very comfortable. (t) （4 ） the plane in that we flew in to canada is very comfortable. (f) 3.“介词+关系代词 ”前可有 some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few 等代词或者数词 （1 ） he loved his paren
8、ts deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. （2 ） in the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. （3 ） there are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 解答“介词+关系代词 “类型的定语从句题时，关键在于分析定语从句中的谓语动词（该动词是不及物动词）习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。这就需要同学们在平时学习时要注重某些不及物动词和介词惯用的
9、情形，并要灵活运用。例如： In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 简析:本题定语从句中的 turn 与介词 to 构成固定短语“turn to sb. for help (向某人求助）“。定语从句由关系代词 who、whom、whose、which 和关系副词 where、when、why 等引导，但须记住： 1.what 不能引导定语从句. 2.关系词的分析须考虑它在定语从句中的成分。 一.指人的关系代词
10、有 who、whose、whom 、that. 试分析： （1）The old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist. （2） Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing.（3）The man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster.（The man who/whom that my father shook hands with jus
11、t now is our headmaster.）注： A 指人时有时只用 who 不宜用 that。 1先行词为 one、ones 或 anyone （1）The comrade I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard. （2）Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. 2先行词为 these 时 These who are going to Beijing are the best students of our school. 3在 there be 开
12、头的句子中 There is a student who wants to see you. 4一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是 that，另一个宜用who，以免重复。 The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hards. 5在非限制性定语从句中 A。I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from Japan. B主句以 who 开头的句子中,只用 that,不用 who。 二指物的关系代词有 which、whos
13、e(=of which)、that. 试分析： 1. I like the books which / that were written by Lu Xun. 2. The desks (which/that) we made last year were very good. 3. This is the house in which we lived last year. (= This is the house which /that we lived in last year.) 4. I live in the room whose windows face south. (= I
14、 live in the room ,the windows of which face south.) 注： A. 介词如果位于作为其宾语的关系代词之前时，只能用 whom、 which 不能用 who 或that. (1). The girl about whom they were talking is our monitor. (2). The book in which there are many interesting things was written by Li Ming. B. 部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开，在定语从句中其介词不可前置，只能放在其动词之后。 Is t
15、his the book which she is looking for? The old man who/whom they are waiting for is Professor Li. The child who/whom she is looking after is Wang Pings son. C 指物时，下列情况下只能用 that ，不宜用 which。 （1）先行词为不定代词，如All、 much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、the one 等。 We are willing to do anything that
16、 is good to the people. I have told them all (that) I know. All that can be done has been done. （2）先行词是序数词或被序数词、修饰时。 The first book that I read last night was an English novel. （3）先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时。 This is one of the most interesting films that I have ever seen. This is the best that can be done n
17、ow. （4）如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时(先行词既有人又有物)，定语从句的关系代词用 which 和 who 都不合适，只能用 that。 We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about. There are sheep and men that can be seen on the hill. （5）如果先行词被the only、the very、the last、the same、any、 few 、little、no、 all 、one of、 just 修饰时
18、。 This is the only book that can be lent to you. （6）当主句是以 which 开头的特殊问句时，关系代词只用 that。 注意：1.不用 that 的情况 (a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 (错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. (b) 介词后不能用。 We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food fr
19、om. 2.只能用 that 作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 (a) 在 there be 句型中，只用 that，不用 which。 (b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all 等作先行词时，只用 that，不用 which。 (c) 先行词有 the only, the very,the same,the last,just 修饰时，只用 that。 (d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用 that,不能用 which。. (e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。 (f) 先行词指物，在主句中作表语时 (g) 为了避免重复 (h)先行词是 th
20、e way 或 the reason 时，that 可作关系副词，也可省略Which is the dictionary that he used yesterday ? D只物时，下列情况下只能用 which，不宜用 that。 （1）关系代词放在介词之后 This is the factory in which we once worked. （2）非限制性定语从句中 This is the book, which is written by Lu Xun. （3）that，Those 作主语时 Those which are on the desk are English books.
21、E先行词前有 such、the same、 as 时, 关系代词用 as，不用 that, 但the sameas表示同样的, the samethat表示同一的 He knows as many people as are present at the meeting. Such people as you refer to are rare nowadays. what 不能引导定语从句【典型例题解析】例 1 The second book _I want to read is Business the Speed of Thought.A. which B. what C. that D
22、. as解析 先行词 book 被序数词修饰时要用 that 引导定语从句，故选 C。例 2 Ill never forget the days _I stayed with you.A. when B. in which C. that D. for which解析 本题指时间，故选 A。例 3 The book_ is sold out at the moment.A. you need B. what you needC. which you need it D. that you need it解析 B、C 、D 中的 what 和 it 与先行 The book 相抵触 ， 故选 A
23、。例 4 Is this the place _Lincoln once lived.A. that B. which C. where D. when解析 本题指地点，故选 C。例 5 Im one of the boys _ never late for school.A. that is B. who are C. who am D. who is解析 本题中 who 用作主语，谓语动词与先行词 the boys 保持一致，故选 B。【选讲例题】例 6 Her sister,_ you met at my home, was a teacher of English.A. whom B.
24、 that C. which D. who is解析 非限制性定语从句中 ， 关系代词用 which,不用 that,但指人时用 who 或 whom.故选A。例 7 These book are for students _ mother language is not English.A. of whom B. that C. which D. whose解析 whose 引导的定语从句中,whose 用作定语，故选 D。三、单项选择 ( ) 1. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady_ comes from Beijing. A. who B.
25、which C. whom D. whose ( )2. I like the house_ windows face south. A. whose B. whos C. its D. its ( )3 He was the only person in his office_ was invited. A. whom B. whose C. that D. which ( )4. This is the museum_ we visited last year. A. where B. in which C. which D. in that ( )5. Charlie told his
26、mother all_ had happened.A. that B. what C. which D. who 6.Where is the School English Speech Contest going to be held tonight? Im not sure. Is it in the hall _ can hold 300 people? A. where B. what C. that D. when 7.What kind of movies do you like? I like movies _ scary monsters. A. which has B. th
27、at have C. what has D. why have8.Do you know the man _ is talking to Miss Wu? A. he B. whom C. who D. which 9.Which is your new neighbor, Liu Hua? The man _ T-shirt is red. A. that B. who C. which D. whose 10.Do you know the girl _ is talking with our teacher? Oh, shes my sister. A. who B. whose C.
28、whom D. where 11.People _ overweight need more water than thin people. A. who is B. which are C. that is D. who are 12. Sorry, we dont have the coat _ you need. A. what B. who C. whom D. which 13. This is the dictionary _ Mum gave me for my birthday. A. which B. what C. whose D. whom 14.Do you know
29、the man _ is sitting behind Nancy? A. what B. which C. who D. whom 15.The book _ he bought yesterday is very interesting. A. / B. why C. when D. what 状语从句专练 .选择填空： 1. The man cant get on the bus because there _ no room on it. A. was B. is C. are D. were 2. I was listening to the music _ there was a
30、knock at the door. A. while B. when C. because D. until 3. I dont know if he _ tomorrow, if he _ ,Ill meet him. A. will come, comes B. comes, comes C. will come, will come D. come, will come 4 The teacher understands that _ Maths had always been easy for him, it is not easy for the students. since B
31、. unless C. though D. when 5. _ I read, the more I understand. A. The more B. So much C. How much D. For all 6. Would you give Johnny this letter if you _ to see him this week. A. will happen B. happen C. are happened D. happened 7. She was busy, _ she couldnt go to your birthday party last night. A
32、. and B. so C. or D. but 8. English is _ a useful language _ it is spoken in many countries of the world.A. sothat B. suchthat C. sobecause D. suchbecause 9. You will succeed if you _ harder. A. will work B. wont work C. work D. dont work 10. Write clearly _ your teacher can understand you correctly
33、. A. since B. for C. because D. so that 11. His brother has worked there _ he left school. when B. after C. since D. until 12. The boy didnt stop talking _ the second bell rang. when B. until C. after D. because 13. He ran as fast as possible _ he could reach school on time. in order to B. so as to
34、C. when D. so that 初中宾语从句练习题 1. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell you A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If 2. Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is? A. what B. how C. whether D. where 3. Do you know where _ now? A. he lives B. does he live C. he live
35、d D. did he live 4. Do you know what time _? A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves 5. She wanted to know _her mother liked the present. A which B that C.if D.what 6.Do you know _has been selected to attend(参加) the meeting? A who B. how C. why D. that
36、7. know _ he doesnt want to take part in the project. A. who B. what C.that D. whose 8.She doesnt know _to stay or not. A. whether B. if C. why D. what 9.The teacher told me that light _ faster than sound. A. traveled B. is traveling C. had traveled D. travels 10.I will find out _. A. why is he late
37、 B. why isnt he late C. why late he is D. why he is late初中英语定语从句专项练习题与答案详解1.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _last month. A. which t
38、hey stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day _Ill never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory _well visit next week is no
39、t far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that y
40、ou talked 9.Can you lend me the book _the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen _he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whom B.
41、 who C. which D. that 12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country? A. who B. whos C. which D. whose 14.Im interested in _you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.
42、I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isnt such a man _he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, _we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom
43、I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I dont like _ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijin
44、g. A. which B. that C. whom D. who 22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 23.Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it. A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who 24.I lost a book, _I cant remember now. A. whose title B. its title C. th
45、e title of it D. the title of that 25.Last summer we visited the WestLake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what 26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _
46、 we spent together. A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when 28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B. whose C. what D./ 29.This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which 30.This machine, _for many years, is still wo
47、rking perfectly. A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after 31.The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill. A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what 32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam. A.that B.wh
