1、单击此处编辑母版标题样式单击此处编辑母版副标题样式* 1Session 7 n动态与静态View of Lin Tongji (林同济 )n “ 动词对任何语言来讲，都是重要的，在汉语中尤为突出。展开一篇汉语作品，略与英语作品相较，我们马上可以发觉：前者的动词频率，往往远远超过后者。 ”n “最堪注意的是汉语并没有把动词的高度频率视为负担。正相反，汉语的发展方向无疑是加强动词的优势。 ”n eg. Hard pressed by his father, John told the truth in spite of his wifes warning.n 约翰被他老子 追急了 ，也就 顾不得
2、老婆的叮嘱，说出了真情实事。Two Reasons:n 1) Lack of prepositions and no particles at all in Chinese. n 2) Chronicle style in Chinese vs. Architectural style in English n Chinese language verb advantage in usagen English language noun advantage in usageDynamic vs. Stativen eg. He is a chain-smoker of cigarettes.
3、(stative)n He smokes cigarettes one after another. (dynamic)n There are white clouds in the blue sky. (stative)n White clouds are floating in the blue sky. (dynamic)n English: noun advantagen high frequency of noun usagen stative narrationn Chinese: verb advantagen high frequency of verb usagen dyna
4、mic narrationExamples Analysisn In the cities there were strict curfews, empty hotels, abandoned streets and office buildings, looters, trigger-happy patrols, and all the rest. (War and Remembrance, by Herman Wouk)n 各处城市都严格 实行宵禁 ，饭店旅社都已 人去楼空 ，大街小巷 行人绝迹 ，办公大楼 门可罗雀，歹徒 趁火打劫 ，巡逻队动辄 开枪杀人 。完全是一派兵荒马乱景象。Exa
5、mples Analysisn Eisenhower later recalled, when McArthur felt slighted he was capable of expressing himself in “an explosive denunciation of politics, bad manners, bad judgment, broken promise, arrogance, unconstitutionality, insensitivity, and the way the world had gone to hell. (The Glory and the
6、Dream, by William Manchester)n 埃森豪威尔后来回忆往事时说，只要麦克阿瑟感到有人对他 不够尊重 ，就 “发起脾气 来， 破口大骂 人家 好耍权术 ， 不懂礼貌 ， 乱出主意 ， 出尔反尔 ， 目中无 人， 违反宪法 ，神经迟钝，麻木不仁，如今世道真是见鬼 ”等等。Examples Analysisn 夸奖 一回， 奉承 一回，把老太太的心都说活了。（红楼梦）n All their praise and flattery are having some effect on the old lady.Examples Analysisn 当时一个朋友对我说，北京戏最好
7、，你不去 见见世面 吗？（社戏）n A friend told me Beijing had the best opera that seeing it was an experience not to be missed.Examples Analysisn 他老是说谎。n 他酷爱流行音乐。n 他不抽烟，也不喝酒。n 他演戏演得很棒。n 他文章写得很好。n 他经常参观博物馆。n 他最会捣乱。n 他很不合群。n 他喜欢胡思乱想。Examples Analysisn 从秦代到清末的二千一百多年间，哈雷彗星 出现 二十七次，中国都有记录。n In the 2100 years from the Q
8、in Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty, Halley Comet appeared 27 times and they were all recorded in China.n In the 2100 years from the Qin Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty, the 27 appearances of Halley Comet were all recorded in China.Examples Analysisn 这充分 说明 ，中国人独立自主的民族精神 具有 巨大的力量。n This fully testi
9、fies that the independent national spirit of the Chinese people has tremendous strength.n This is a full testimony to the tremendous strength of the independent national spirit of the Chinese people.Examples Analysisn 扫除了 这些障碍，中美关系就可以更好地 发展，可以给双方 带来 更大的经济利益。n If these barriers are cleared away, Sino
10、-US relations can be better developed, and both sides can get more economic benefits from it. n Removal of these obstacles can lead to better development of Sino-US relations and more economic benefits for both sides.Examples Analysisn 中国 幅员辽阔 ，自然资源 丰富 ，廉价劳动力 充裕 ，税收 低 ，消费者市场不断 增长 ，基础设施不断 完 善。n China
11、 boasts vast territory, abundant natural resources, rich inexpensive labour, low taxation, a growing consumer market and improving infrastructure. Examples Analysisn 我们不能不看到发展中国家与发达国家之间的经济差距 在继续扩大 ，发展中国家的经济状况也很不平衡 。 n One cannot but notice the widening economic gap between the developing and develop
12、ed countries and the general imbalance in the economic situation among the developing countries themselves. Examples Analysisn 当前国际经济关系中的一个重要特点是南北经济差距 仍在扩大 。发展问题也就是南北问题，它直接关系到世界和平与各国的稳定。 n The present world economic relations can be characterized by the widening economic gap between the North and th
13、e South. The question of development is the question between the North and the South, which directly bears upon world peace and stability of each country. n One of the crucial features in the current international economic relations lies in the expanding economic gap between the North and South. The
14、 question of development actually is the question between the North and South, which is directly associated with world peace and the stability of each countryExamples Analysisn 随着本地区经济的蓬勃发展，亚太区域的经贸联系 日益密切 ，经贸合作 不断加强 。n The booming regional economic development will lead to increasingly closer econom
15、ic and trade ties as well as ever stronger cooperation in this regard in the Asia Pacific Region.Examples Analysisn 我们希望亚太各国 密切合作 ， 共同繁荣。n We hope to see closer cooperation and common prosperity of all countries in Asia-Pacific.Examples Analysisn 近年来，发展中国家的贸易条件 更加恶化 ，出口收入 锐减 ，生产投资 萎缩 ，债务负担 沉重 ，甚至连续多
16、年出现资金从穷国向富国 倒流 的现象。n The recent years have seen worsening terms of trade, plummeting export earnings, dwindling production investment and heavy debt burdens. There has even been the reverse capital flow from poor to rich countries for many years running. Examples Analysisn 尽管中国与澳大利亚社会制度 有差异 ，在某些问题上
17、存在 一些 分歧 ，但只要双方本着 互相尊重 ， 彼此信任 的精神，就能长期 友好 ，平等 合作 ，共同 发展 。n Despite the differences between China and Australia in social systems and views on some issues, the two countries can carry out long-term friendly and equal cooperation and seek common development as long as we start out from the spirit of m
18、utual respect and trust. Examples Analysisn Every state is the best judge of what is required to safeguard its national security.n 每个国家是需要用什么来保卫自己国家安全的 最好判断者 。n 每个国家自己才能 最好地判断 需要用什么来保卫自己的国家安全。Examples Analysisn The Chairman of the Working Group has given a report on the work of the group.n 工作小组的主席就小
19、组的工作 作了报告。n 工作小组的主席 汇报了 该组的工作。Examples Analysisn I hope my presence here tonight is further proof of the importance we in Britain attach to the relation with your great country.n 我希望我今晚在此的 出席 是对于英国对与贵国这一伟大国度的关系所给予的 重要性 的又一 证明 。n 我希望我今晚 到这里来 ，可以 进一步证明 ，我们英国 重视 和你们伟大的国家的关系。Examples Analysisn Many peop
20、le came as both businessmen and tourists and their visits help boom our tourism and improve the quality of our service.n 不少人既来 做生意 ，又来 观光 ，从而促进了我国旅游事业的发展和服务质量的提高。Examples Analysisn All this reflects the desire of many governments for a range of opportunities to push forward regional economic develop
21、ment.n 这些情况反映出许多政府 希望利用 一系列机会推动地区经济发展。Examples Analysisn The past few years have seen an increasing interest in integration arrangements centering on common markets, customs unions or free trade areas. n 过去几年中，人们对建立以共同市场、关税联盟或自由贸易区为中心的一体化， 兴趣大大增加 。 Examples Analysisn At the same time, there has been
22、 a notable expansion of trade and of cultural exchanges between our two countries.n 与此同时，我们两国之间的贸易和文化交流也在 显著增长 。Examples Analysisn In our country, we follow with interest the efforts of your people to make China a modern and great power.n 我国人民饶有兴趣地观察着贵国人民 正在 为使中国成为一个现代化的强国而 努力 。Examples Analysisn The extent of my visit symbolizes my Governments awareness of the importance of the modernization taking place here and the implications of that for our relationship.n 我此次访问的 范围很广 。这表明我国政府 认识到 中国正在进行的现代化建设的重要性及其对两国关系可能产生的影响。
