1、Appetizer,1. 有他这颗扫帚星，什么事情都办不成。 With a comet like him, nothing can be accomplished. 2.萝卜青菜，各有所爱。 Some prefer radish but others prefer cabbage. 3.他一向嘴硬，从不认错。 He has always got a hard mouth and never admit a fault. 4.老师很喜欢这个嘴甜的小姑娘。 The teacher likes this sweet-mouthed little girl very much. 5.同学们都很讨厌他，
2、因为他经常拍老师的马屁。 The student all dislike him because he often pats the teachers ass.,1. 正 With a jinx like him, nothing can be accomplished.注：“扫帚星”是中国人对“慧星”（comet）的俗称，因其后面象拖着的一条像扫帚一样的长尾巴而得名。在中国古代，“扫帚星”被认为是灾难的预兆，并被用来比喻不吉利的人或事；祸根：（person or thing that is thought to bring）bad luck（to sb/sth）；curse。英语的 come
3、t 虽然没有这层含义，但却有一个对应的说法，即 jinx。 例：Theres a jinx on/Someones put a jinx on this car: its always giving me trouble. “这辆汽车上有什么妨人的东西，总给我找麻烦”。 2. 正 Tastes differ. 注：Tastes differ/vary 是句英语谚语，除此以外，原句还可翻译成 No dish suits all tastes 或 You can never make everyone happy 等。新概念英语第三册第23课的标题是：One mans meat is anothe
4、r mans poison，表达的很生动。 总之，应采取意译。,3. 正 He never says uncle. 注：say (cry) uncle: to give up or in; to surrender; to admit defeat. Mainly used by boys, as when fighting。主要是男孩们打架时的用语，当一方想制服另一方时，就用命令的口气说：“Say uncle!”这时，有的孩子为了表示不服输，就是不说。后来，say uncle 就成了“服输”的代名词，而 not say uncle 就相当于“嘴硬”了。 4. 正 The teacher li
5、kes this honey-lipped little girl very much. 注：中国人喜欢说“嘴甜”，但 honey-lipped 更符合英美人的语言习惯。 5. 正 The students all dislike him because he often licks the teachers boots. 注：以前在欧洲，臣民见到国王与王后往往要葡匐到在，亲吻他们的靴子。后来，人们将 lick the boots 引申为“为了某种目的而讨好某人”，它与汉语的“拍马屁”含义一样。在美国英语中，“拍马屁”还有另一种说法，即 polish the apple，它典出以前的学生用擦亮
6、的苹果来讨好老师。,英汉翻译中的词语翻译,3.1 词语翻译的注意事项 3.1.1 注意一词多意 1）He got all the credit for the discovery. 2) The ledger shows 300 pounds on the debit side and 50 pounds on the credit side. 3) The availability of cheap long term credit would help small businesses. 4) They sold grain on credit during time of famine.
7、 5) How much do I have to my credit? 6) They cannot obtain credit at all in the trade. 7) They have opened the covering credit with the Bank of China, London.,run 的词义种种 run across 偶然碰见 run away 失去控制 run back over 回顾 run counter to 背道而驰 run down撞到，贬低 run in 顺便探望 run into 陷于，偶然碰见 run into debt 负债 run
8、off 流畅的写出、背出 run out 用完，将尽 run over 满出，溢出 run through贯穿 run up 跑上去 run to seed 变得不修边幅 run a race 参加赛跑 run for presidency 竞选总统 run to sbs aid 赶去帮助某人 run aground搁浅 run wild发狂 run to extremes 走向极端 run the streets 流浪街头,run a hare 追捕坐车不买票的人the river runs east 流向 run a car 开车 run a factory 办工厂 run message
9、s 送信，传信息 run the water off 把水放掉 run oil 提炼石油 run to 达到 run on 喋喋不休 run sb. into difficulties 使某人陷入困境 run the risk of 冒险 run ones eyes down a list 匆匆看一下单子 run a simile too far 把一个=明喻用得牵强附会 run a fever 发烧 run a sword through sb用刀刺死某人 run a thread through an eyelet 穿过 run ones head into a wall 碰壁 the i
10、dea run into his mind 萦绕 the street runs north 延伸 the news runs rapidly in the town 传开 the machines runs well 运转,“broken”涵义种种： 1、a broken man: 一个绝望的人； 2、a broken soldier: 一个残废的军人； 3、broken money: 零花钱； 4、a broken promise: 背弃的诺言； 5、broken English: 蹩脚的英语； 6、a broken spirit: 消沉的意志； 7、a broken heart: 破碎的
11、心。准确理解“kill”（后面附词义）: 1、he killed the man.杀； 2、he killed the dog,宰； 3、he killed time down at the park,消磨； 4、he killed his chance of success,断送； 5、he killed the motion when it came from the committee,否决； 6、he killed himself by overwork,致死； 7、he killed the spirit of the group,抹杀； 8、he killed three bott
12、les of whiskey in a week,喝光； 9、kill the peace,扼杀； 10、kill the friendship,终止； 11、kill a marriage,解除。,general“涵义种种： 1、全身麻醉 general anesthesia 2、普查，集体检查 general check-up 3、一般健康情况 general health condition 4、综合性医院 general hospital 5、总路线 genegral line 6、大纲 general outline 7、弥漫性腹膜炎 general peritonitis 8、普通
13、医师 general practitioner 9、总查（病）房 general purpose 10、秘书长 general secretary“charge“涵义知多少？ 1、费用：service charge服务费； 2、责任：in charge of 负责； 3、装料：furnace charge炉料； 4、电荷：induced charge感应电荷； 5、装药：shaped charge锥孔炸药,1、heavy applause：热烈的鼓掌 2、heavy gait：沉重的步态 3、heavy chemicals大量生产的化学药品 4、heavy sea 波涛汹涌的海面 5、heav
14、y sleep：熟睡 6、heavy smoker：烟瘾大的人 7、heavy current：强电流 8、heavy eater：食量大的人 9、heavy task：繁重的任务 10、heavy food：油腻而难消化的食物 11、heavy traffic:拥挤的交通 12、heavy weather：恶劣的天气 13、heavy road：泥泞的路 14、heavy rain：大雨 15、heavy clouds：厚云 16、heavy crops：丰收 17、heavy frost：浓霜 18、heavy wine：烈酒 19、heavy news：悲痛的消息 20、heavy he
15、art：忧愁的心 21、heavy fire：猛烈的炮火 22、heavy bread：没有发酵好的面包 23、heavy wire：粗线 24、heavy load：重载 25、heavy storm：暴风雨 26、heavy reader:沉闷冗长的读物,再解“develop” 1、发展： agriculture develpoment social development industrial develpopment development in foreign affairs2、开发 water-power development oil-field development deve
16、lopment of natural resouerces intellectual development3、研制 advanced development远景产品研制，样机试制 under development 发育不全，显影不足 engineering development 工程研制 operatinal development产品改进性研制 exploratory development探索性研制4、开拓 ore development lateral development水平开拓5、展开（用于数学） series development级数展开 development of f
17、unction函数的展开6、显影 chemical development化学显影 over development显影过度 time development定时显影 The shade meaning of “power“:,The shade meaning of “work”: 工作：work experience 工件：stamp work模锻工件 工厂： NO.1 Motor Vehical Works 工事：defence works 著作：new works on acupuncture针刺疗法新书 功：mechanical work 机械功 运转：The machine wor
18、ks well. 加工：The wood works easily. 起作用：The medicine works. 造成：work wonders(miracles)创造奇迹 The shade meaning of “sound“: 【声音】sound wave 【听起来】The plan sounds reasonable. 【发音】sound every syllable!每个音节都要发音。 The ship moved slowly forward sounding as she went.航船慢速前进，一路锤测水深。 【完好的】sound metal优质金属 【牢固的】sound
19、casting 坚实的铸件,Exercises,1）价廉物美2) 我们不销售廉价质次的货物。3) 我们已按最低的价格向你们报盘。4) 你们将会看出我们这批货物的价格是很便宜的。5) 请报体温表的最低价。6) 对我们的业务建议如有兴趣，请寄样品，并告最惠条款。7) 我们的报价已是最低价，折扣不能再多给了。,Fine and inexpensive We do not sell cheap quality goods. We have made you an offer at a very competitive price. You will find our prices for these
20、goods very popular. Please make us your lowest quotation of Clinical Thermometer. If you feel interest in our business proposal, please send us the samples together with your best terms and conditions. As we have quoted you our rock-bottom price, we cant give you any more discount.,Appetizer,06.你听说了
21、吗？迈克把他的女朋友给甩了。 误 Have you ever heard that Mike broke up with his girlfriend. 07.我们要把祖国建设成为社会主义的现代化强国。 误 We will build our motherland into a socialist modern powerful country. 08.人都是这山望着那山高，对自己的现状没有满意的时候。 误 Almost all people think that the other mountain is higher than the one hes standing on. They n
22、ever feel saisfied with what theyve already got. 09.中华人民共和国主席 误 Chairman of the Peoples Republic of China 10.转战南北 误 fight south and north,6. 正 Have you ever heard that Mike dumped his girlfriend. 注：break up with sb. 虽然表示“与某人分手了”，但并没说明是谁先提出来的。而 dump 的原意指“倾倒垃圾”，用在这里则表示像倒垃圾一样地甩掉。 7. 正 We will build our
23、 motherland into a modern powerful socialist country. 注：形容词作为修饰语在汉语和英语中都很常用，但使用的先后次序却有所不同。在英语中我们一般遵循“靠近原则”，即越能说明本质属性的修饰词越靠近它所修饰的名词，当从这一点看不出区别时，就靠词的长短来决定，短的在前，长的在后。原文中最能说明“国家”本质的定语是“社会主义的”，所以 socialist 要最靠近它所修饰的中心词。 8. 正 Almost all people think that the grass is greener on the other hill. They never
24、feel saisfied with what theyve already got. 注：“这山望着那山高”是指人不满足于现状的心理，它在英语中已经有了现成的说法，即 the grass is greener on the other hill（他山的草更绿），因此我们借用即可，这样既方便又更有利于与西方人沟通。,9. 正 President of the Peoples Republic of China 注：以前，我们一直将“主席”翻译为 chairman，例如：great leader Chairman Mao（伟大领袖毛主席）。其实“主席”与 chairman 并不等义，chairm
25、an 在英语中通常指会议或某一具体组织的负责人，它的权力和重要性不及中文的“主席”。这就是为什么1983年，在我国宪法的英译单行本中开始使用 President一词，并沿用至今。另外，国内仍有不少词典把“班/级长（学校的）”译为“class monitor”，这是“四人帮”时代的产物，那时的“班长”是专司监管学生的，所以译作“monitor”。而“班长”的正确译文应该是“class president”。 10. 正 fight north and south注：在地理方位的表达习惯上，中英文有一定的区别。中国人习惯于先“东西”后“南北”，而且在涉及“南北”时，习惯于先说“南”，再说“北”，如
26、：“南征北战”、“南来北往”等。而英美人与此正好相反，如“江苏在中国的东南部”英文是 Jiangsu is in the south-east of China, 而“新疆在中国的西北部”应译为 Xinjiang is in the north-west of China。,涉外文书有许多专业术语，而其中大多数已有通用译名。除此之外，还有一些较为固定的短语或表示法。作为涉外工作者，平时应注意积累，在翻译时才可能以“行话”译“行话”。1) Owing to force majeure, we cannot execute these orders.2) We are pleased to adv
27、ise you that the captioned goods were shipped yesterday per S.S. “Da Qing”.3) Owing to heavy commitments, we cannot accept fresh orders at present.4) Please quoteboth F.O.B. China port and C.I.F. Mombasa prices.,3.1.2 注意词的语体色彩,译什么，就像什么，这是翻译贴切与否的一个根本问题。涉外文书大多属书面语体，庄重、简明是其特色。因此译文应充分体现这一点。具体地说，英译汉时，可以从
28、两方面入手：一是采用书面词语（包括适当使用某些汉语虚词）；二是使用专业术语。例如：1) Please extend your offer for three days.2) It causes a loss of time and thus a loss of money.3) This offer is subject to the goods being unsold on receipt of your reply.4) The responsibilities of the carrier shall commence from the time when the goods are
29、loaded on board the ship and shall cease when they are discharged from the ship.5) Party A shall have the responsibilities and duties to assist the handling of the following matters concerned.,1）请将你方报盘展期3天。 2）这不仅浪费了时间，也因此损失了资金。 3）此盘以收到你方答复货物未售出为有效。 4）承运人责任期限从货物装上船舶时始至货物卸离船舶时止。 5）甲方有责任和义务协助公司办理下列有关事宜
30、。,涉外文书有许多专业术语，而其中大多数已有通用译名。除此之外，还有一些较为固定的短语或表示法。作为涉外工作者，平时应注意积累，在翻译时才可能以“行话”译“行话”。1) Owing to force majeure, we cannot execute these orders.2) We are pleased to advise you that the captioned goods were shipped yesterday per S.S. “Da Qing”.3) Owing to heavy commitments, we cannot accept fresh orders
31、at present.4) Please quote both F.O.B. China port and C.I.F. Mombasa prices.5) In order to enable you to apply for the necessary import licence, we are sending you Proforma Invoice No.234 in triplicate. Please note that if there is any change in price or delivery, we shall keep you informed.,1）由于不可抗
32、力，我们无法执行这些订单。 2）兹通知，标题货物已于昨日由“大庆”轮装出。 3）由于订货甚多，我们目前不能接受新订单。 4）请同时报中国口岸离岸价和蒙巴萨到岸价。 5）为您方申请必备的进口许可证，兹寄形式发票第234号一式三份，其中价格或交货期若有变更，我方将另行通知。 （注：类似的短语，如一式二份、一式三份、一式四份、一式五份可分别译成：in duplicate, in triplicate, in quadruplicate, in quintuplicate),Large companies are referred to as corporations, especially in t
33、he United States. Corporate is used to describe things relating to a corporation, or to corporations in general, in expressions like the ones in the next exercise. Large companies operating in many countries are multinationals. Big business can refer to large business organizations or to any busines
34、s activity that makes a lot of money. Small companies are referred to as small businesses or small firms. Unlike some languages, English does not have an everyday term for small and medium-sized companies, apart from this rather clumsy expression. 注释： Corporation 大公司；股份有限公司 Corporate 法人；团体 Multinati
35、onal 跨国的；多国的 Big business 大型企业；大公司 Small and medium sized companies中小规模的公司 Small business 小公司 Small firm 小公司,Businesses may be classified according to which industry they are in: for example construction, oil, banking, food. Sector is sometimes used to mean industry in the same way, particularly by
36、specialists such as financial journalists, but it is more often used to talk about different parts of the economy in combinations such as public sector and private sector, or about types of business in expressions like service sector and manufacturing sector. 注释： Industry 工业；产业 Sector 部门；部分 Public s
37、ector 公共部门 Private sector 私营部门 manufacturing sector 制造部门 Service sector 服务部门,If Company A owns shares or equity in Company B, A has or holds a stake, holding or shareholding in B. If A owns less than half the shares in B, it has a minority stake in B. If A owns more than half the shares in B, it has
38、 a majority stake or controlling stake in B. If you have shares in a company you are a shareholder. 注释： Shares/stake 份额；股份 Equity 股份；产权；普通股票 Holding 持有；股票额 Shareholding 持有股票数 Shareholder 股东 Hold a stake 持有份额 Majority stake 大股东（50%以上） Controlling stake 大股东 Minority stake 小股东,A group containing many t
39、ypes of business is diversified. A groups basic business activity, perhaps the one it originally started with, is its core business. Separate business activities may be viewed as profit centers, each responsible for generating profit. Businesses are often encouraged to concentrate or focus on their
40、core activities and to sell off, spin off, or dispose of non-essential assets. These assets are often referred to as non-core assets. A sale of assets in this way is referred to as a sell-off, spin-off, or disposal. A spin-off can also refer to a business that has been spun off. 注释： Diversified 多样化；
41、多角化 Core business 核心经营 Profit center 利润中心 Focus 集中经营 Assets 资产；基金 Non-core assets 空心资本 Sell off 抛售 Spin off 剥离；拆分 Dispose of 处理；变卖 Disposal 处理；变卖,Headhunters（猎头） are specialist consultants who search for highlevel, often board-level, executives and try to persuade them to leave their current job in
42、order to go to work in another company. Managers found in this way are headhunted in a process of headhunting. Executives may be persuaded to move company by the promise of a golden hello（见面礼）:a large sum of money or some other financial enticement offered by the company they move to.,monetary conve
43、rsion 货币兑换 national security 国家安全 nonsubsidized industry 非补贴工业 profit margins 利润幅度 quota 配额 redistribution of resources 资源重新分配 register of shipping 船籍登记 relative differences 相对差异 retaliatory tariff 报复性关税 run deficits 遭受逆差,separate treatment 分别对待 start up period 起步阶段 surplus 顺差 tariff for retaliation
44、 报复关税 tariff 关税 technical assistance 技术协助 trade barrier 贸易壁垒 Trade Protectionism 贸易保护主义 trade restrictions 贸易限制 trade surplus 贸易顺差 trade theory 贸易理论 trade expanding devices 贸易扩张手段 trade restricting devices 贸易限制手段 trading partner 贸易伙伴,期货市场（交易）futures market (transactions) 牛市（熊市）a bull (bear) market 商
45、标（无形资产）trademark (invisible asset) 非法传销illegal pyramid selling 倒爷（中介人）a profiteer / a speculator (an intermediary) 展销会the exhibition and fair,3.1.3 注意发挥译文语言优势,1) We are looking forward to hearing from you.2) Hotel business is extremely profitable.3) We shall regard as a personal favour any help youl
46、l give Mr. Chadwick. 4) The goods are ready for shipment. 5) Capitalism economic system is founded on the principle that competition among business firms best serves the needs of society.6) Please let us know as soon as you have made choice so we can make necessary arrangement for shipment without d
47、elay.,我们双方各出资50%，盈利按50%分。 We each invest 50% capital and each share 50% profit. We each invest 50% capital and share the profit equally. 很遗憾，我们不能接受你方报盘，你方价格太高不敢问津。 Unfortunately, we cannot accept your offer, your prices are prohibitive. Your prices are too high for us to inquire. 我们只能降价2%，不能再多了。 We
48、cant do more than a 2% reduction in price.,Exercises: 注意发挥译文语言优势,Goods sold at lower prices are not necessarily popular items. The goods were all in good condition when they are loaded on board the vessel. In order to avoid subsequent embarrassment for the seller, it is important that no inaccurate
49、particulars be inserted even if the inaccuracies seem trifling. Nowadays the interest on loans is surprisingly high. We enclose our Purchase Confirmation No.4567 in duplicate. Please sign and return one copy for our file at your earliest convenience. No credit is given at this shop. Available in various designs and specifications for your selection. （广告语）,价格偏低的商品未必就是快货。 装船时，货物还是完好无损。 为了避免卖方事后的麻烦，在形式发票上切勿加注任何不确切的条文，包括看似无足轻重的条文。 现在贷款利息之高，叹为观止！ 随函寄上第4567号购货确认书一式两份，请尽快签退一份，以备我方存查。 本店概不赊账。 品种繁多，规格齐全，任君挑选。,
