1、Grammar,sentences,句子成份, 句子一般由两个部分组成：,主语部分（ subject group）,谓语部分（ predicate group）, 句子成份：,主,谓,宾,表,补,定,状,Members of sentence: S - subject P - predicative O - object Attri.-attribute Adv.- adverbOc - object complement,主,宾,表,补,定,状,1) 主语（subject）,I like football.,The boy needs a pen.,句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由担任,常
2、置于句首。,2) 谓语（predicate）,说明主语的动作或状态。由 担任。常置于主语后。,The train leaves at 6 oclock.,I want a ticket.,动词不定式,动名词 或从句,名词,主格代词,动词,3) 宾语（object）,4) 表语（predicative）,He won the game. On the desk,表示vt.的动作对象或prep.所联系的对象。 由n.或相当于n.的词担任。置于vt.或prep.后。,Tome lost his life in the big fire.,He is a student.,用以表述主语的特征、状态、身
3、份等。 由n.或adj.担任。置于系动词之后。,除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词， 1)表感官的动词:2) 表转变变化的动词: 3)表延续的动词,feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。,become, get, grow, turn, go,等,remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。,5) 宾补（objective complement）,补充说明宾语的情况 。 由n. /adj. /介宾 /分词 /不定式等担任。,They made him king., ,I consider the boo
4、k too expensive., ,6) 定语（attributive） 对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的表示,通常位于被修饰的成分前。,The black bike is mine.,( ),说明1：当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing , anything , everything , something 等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语 我告诉他一些有趣的事情。 I tell him something interesting . 说明2：不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。 这间屋子里的男孩子们是10班的。 The boys in the ro
5、om are in Class Ten.,7) 状语（adverbial）,用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句,位置灵活。通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首； 修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前； 表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首， 一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。,I am very sorry. We often help him. When I grow up , I am going to be a teacher . （从句作时间状语),句子类型,简
6、单句,并列句,复合句,.简单句,1. Things changed. 2. Trees are green. 3. We dont beat children. 4. He gave his sister the piano. 5. I found the book easy.,主 + 谓,主 + 系 + 表,主 + 谓 + 宾,主 + 谓 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语, ,主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补,Nobody went. She became a doctor. The car caught fire. I will write you a long letter. I will let
7、 him go.,Practice, ,主 + 谓,主 + 系 + 表,主 + 谓 + 宾,主 + 谓 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语,主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补,.并列句,This is me and these are my friends. They must stay in water, or they will die. Its not cheap, but it is very good. It was late, so I went to bed.,and,or,but,so,He knocked at the door; there was no answer. Youre al
8、ive! And shes dead.,名词性从句,状语从句,定语从句,主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句,.复合句,A plane is a machine that can fly.,He said that he didnt like her.,exercises,1.They are working on the farm now. 2.Seeing is believing 3.All of us like Kobe Bryant very much 4.She became a doctor in 1998 5.The book lying on the floor are mine 6.Suddenly it begins to rain,7.To catch the train ,I got up early yesterday8.I always find her happy9.He wonders If I still study English10.The letter which I received the day before yesterday was a friend of mine11.We always work hard at English.12.He said he didnt come.,
