1、中考英语语法,第十四讲 定语从句,第一部分：知识储备,定语从句的知识储备,1、主动与被动,2、学会分析句子成分,3、特殊疑问句,定语从句-,啥叫定语:修饰方式也 啥叫从句 啥叫定语从句,主谓宾状-解释状语-练习调顺序 解释定语概念-有名词的地方就有定语 汉语修饰方式统统前置 英语修饰方式-形容词前置，其他统统放名词后面,定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例）例： Mary is a beautiful girl.The girl behind the tree is Kate.The man driving too fast wa
2、s a drunk.,一个,戴眼镜的,高个子的,女生,a,tall,girl,with the glasses,who wears glasses,第二部分：拆分法,拆分法拆、找、合,一个戴眼镜的女孩在上课 拆：拆成有同一个字的两个句子。 一个女孩在上课，这个女孩戴眼镜。 找：找同一字 翻译句子 the girl is having class; the girl wears glasses 根据特殊疑问句的知识，在第二句找出特殊疑问词 the girl wears glasseswho 合：把特殊疑问句紧挨着同一字放上去 The girl who wears glasses is havin
3、g class,拆分法学定语从句,这个戴眼镜的学生在吃饭 拆：拆成有两个同一词的两个句子 这个学生在吃饭，这个学生戴眼镜 The student is having dinner, the student wears glasses 找: the student wears glasses-who 合: The student who wears glasses is having dinner 我们用我05年买的电脑 拆：We use the computer, I bought the computer in 2005. 找： I bought the computer in 2005.w
4、hich 合； We use the computer which/that/不填 I bought in 2005.,我在街上遇到了这个我以前在上海交的朋友 我在街上遇到了这个朋友，我以前在上海交朋友 I met the friend on the street. I made the friend in Shanghai. Who/Whom I made in Shanghai. I met the friend who I made in Shanghai on the street 他喜欢这个以前唱流行歌曲的主持人host 他喜欢这个主持人，他以前唱流行歌 He likes the h
5、ost. The host sang pop songs. He likes the host who sang pop songs. .,对物的定语从句,提高练习：请写全下列从句的连接词 他们享受了你们给的礼物 They enjoyed the gifts which you gave. They enjoyed the gifts that you gave. They enjoyed the gifts you gave.(不填) 分析: 对物，宾格情况下，有三种连词which/ that/不填 汤姆收到了一份从伦敦邮寄来的卡片send Tom received a card. The
6、card was sent in London. Tom received a card which/that was sent in London.,对状语的拆分,例: 我们参观了鲁迅曾经居住过的房子. 拆：We visited the house. Luxun lived in the house. 找：Luxun lived in the house where 合: We visited the house where Luxun lived. 难点: 学习判断地点时，到底是宾语还是状语。宾语成分用which; 地点状语成分用where. 例: 我们待在据说是鲁班建造的房子里 拆: w
7、e stay in the house. It is said that Luban built the house. 找:It is said that Luban built the house.which 合: We stay in the house which it is said that Luban built.,关系代词的用法,关系代词在从句中可以：,何时可以省略？,做宾语时可以省略,Whose的用法,例：我喜欢去有悠久历史的地方 拆：I like to visit a place. The places history is long. 概念颠覆： His book whos
8、e book. Toms book whose book The places history whose history 找：The places history is long.whose 合: I like to visit a place whose history is long. 例：Do you know the woman whose name is Mary. 例：Pass me the dictionary of which cover is black. 总结：whose引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语,修饰表示人或物的先行词. 对物可用whose, of whi
9、ch 两种,第三部分：介词问题,1)This is the hero( whom/that/who/不填) we are proud of.This is the hero of whom we are proud .,2)She is the girl whom/that/who/不填I went with there.She is the girl with whom I went there.,注意:固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前.例如:look after,look at ,关系代词与介词介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物,和whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关系词
10、可以省略),第四部分：that问题,有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用which,定语从句中需注意事项（一）,从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或 序数词修饰时,只能用that引导从句.This is the most interesting story( that )I have ever heard.The first meeting( that) we will take part in will be held in theafternoon.,2. 先行词是all, something, nothing, anything不定代词时,只能用that.Here is something
11、( that) I will tell you.Not all that glitters is gold.,先行词既有人也有物时,只能用that引出从句I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see.,先行词是one of,the one, 或用much, little, few, no, any 作修饰，用thatIs it the one that you want ?We havent got much that you can offer us.,当主句已有疑问词 who或which时，关系词用thatWh
12、ich is the bike that you lost?Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?, who、that在许多情况下可以通用，但有时宜用who,而不用that,定语从句中需注意事项（二）,先行词是one(s), anyone, someone, those时，关系词使用who。Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.在there be 句型中，先行词指人,关系词用whoThere is an old man who wants to see you. The
13、re are many young men who are against him.,不能用that的情况,1、非限制性定语从句不用that 2、介词前置时不用that 3、关系副词不用that,第五部分：关系副词,附加部分关系副词,关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，具有 多重作用。在从句中代替先行词。在从句中作状语。连接作用,关系副词有三种：where: 在从句中作地点状语,指代地点. when: 在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。 why: 在从句中作原因状语,指代原因。,关系副词的用法：1.where 的用法：(先行词应是地点名词）The hotel wasnt clean.
14、+ We stayed,at the hotel.,We stayed,where.,先行词,关系词,从句,=The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean.,时间状语when,例:我总是记得我们相遇的那一天 拆：我总是记得那一天。我们相遇在那一天。 I always remember the day. We met on the day. 找：on the day when 合: I always remember the day when we met.,原因状语why固定句型 the reason why,例：这就是你总是迟到的原因。 This is the
15、reason why you are late. 例：这就是我邀请你参加晚会的原因。 This is the reason why I invite you to take part in the party.,第六部分：中考真题,1Friends are those make you smile, always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed. A. which B. what C. whom D. who 2Its quite common in Britain to say “Thank you” to the
16、drivers for people get off the bus. A. who B. what C. which D. where 3-Barbara, where do you work?-I work for a company sells cars. A. which B. where C. what D. who 4-Do you know Hong Zhanhui?-Yes. Hes the college student has moved Chinese people. A. who B. which C. what D. whom,5Jamie is a young co
17、ok wants to improve school dinners. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which 6- Do you know the girl in red is?-Im not sure. Maybe a teacher.A. when B. how C. where D. what 7Pauls uncle is the man taught us math last year. A. where B. which C. who D. when 8The whole world is fighting against the H1N1, a dis
18、ease has caused many deaths. A. who B. which C. whom D. what,9Is that the man helped us a lot after the earthquake.A. whose B. which C. when D. who 10-The duty of Project Hope is to help poor children, isnt it?-Yes, it has built many schools those children can study happily.A. where B. when C. which
19、 D. what 11The panda is a kind of animal can be found only in China.A. who B. whose C. which D. where 12_have finished the work can leave. A. Those who B.Any one C. The one who D. which,13I like the music I can dance to.A. that B. whose C. when D. how 14-Is the girl is interviewing the manager of th
20、at company your friend?-Yes, she is a journalist from CCTV.A. whom B. which C. who D. whose 15 I like to visit a place history is long. A. which B. that C. whose D. who 16The number of people lost their lives in Indonesian earthquake reached as many as 6200.A. which B. who C. whom D. whose,17a robot
21、 is a machine can do some difficult work instead of man. A. who B. / C. that D. what 18-Excuse me, can I have a talk with your manager?-Yes? I am just the man you are looking for.A. whose B. what C. who D. which 19Rosa likes music is quiet and gentle.A. when B. that C. where D. who 20The book he bou
22、ght yesterday is very interesting.A. / B. why C. when D. what,21 Im a football fan. Im interested in everything is about the 2006 World Cup.A. who B. that C. where D. when 22My parents usually buy me some simple clothes can last a long time.A. who B. that C. whom D. whose 23-Do you like the red car
23、is made in Tianjin?-Sure, it looks terrific.A. where B. who C. which D. when,1.D.考点分析:先行词之人且在从句中作主语是，关系代词用who. 2.A.考点分析:people是定语从句的先行词，指人，且在定语从句中作主语，故关系代词用who. 3.A.考点分析:先行词是a company, 所以关系代词用which. 4.A.考点分析:先行词是the college student大学生，是指人，且在从句中作主语，故选择who. 5.A.考点分析:先行词是Jamie,是人，且在从句中作主语。 6.D.考点分析:由答语
24、teacher得知，是询问职业，故用what. 7.C.考点分析:先行词为the man,且在从句中作主语，故用who. 8.B.考点分析:先行词是a disease, 指物，关系代词应用which或that. 9.D.考点分析:先行词是the man, 且在从句中作主语，故用who. 10.A.考点分析:先行词是many schools, 表地点，在从句中作地点状语，故用where. 11.C.考点分析:本句先行词是animal, 是物，故用which. 12.A.考点分析:主句主语为those, 谓语为can leave. Those又是后面who引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词。关系代词的意
25、义、人称、数相当于先行词。定语从句谓语为现在完成时态，助动词have表明，先行词应为复数。,13.A.考点分析:how不能引导定语从句，应先排除；先行词是the music, 是物，that在从句中作宾语。 14.C.考点分析:先行词是the girl,指人， 引导词在从句中做主语，用who. 15.C.考点分析:先行词是a place, 后面是history, 所以应该是这个地方的历史很久了。所属关系用whose. 16.B.考点分析:先行词是people, 是人， 从句中作主语，用who. 17.C.考点分析:what不能引导定语从句，关系代词作主语不能省略，先行词为表示物的名词machine,故用that. 18.C.考点分析:先行词为the man, 在从句中作宾语，可以用who. 19.B.考点分析:先行词是music, 是物，用that。 20.A.考点分析:book为先行词，引导定语从句的关系代词应用which或that.,在从句中作宾语可省略。 21.B.考点分析:先行词为不定代词，定语从句要用that引导，在从句中作主语。 22.B.考点分析:先行词clothes为物，用that. 23.C.考点分析:先行词car为物，在从句中作主语，用which.,
