1、 英语新闻听力论文：图式理论与大学英语新闻听力教学【中文摘要】目前,无论在专业英语或大学英语的听力教学中,都十分强调收听英语新闻广播。英语新闻已成为整个听力教学中必不可少的部分。英语新闻给广大英语学习者提供了一个学习外语的很好的机会。英语新闻内容丰富并且易于得到。收听这些新闻不仅能够提高学习者的发音、语调,还能够帮助他们了解世界上发生的大事,开阔他们的视野。然而,不论是对学生的学和老师的教来说,英语新闻听力都是一个难题。本文笔者试图将图式理论应用于英语新闻听力中,以期克服这一难题,提高学生的听力水平。本文首先对图式理论和听力的研究进行了回顾。然后从三种图式的角度分析了新闻听力的特点,最后通过调
2、查问卷和访谈的形式找出了学生和老师在新闻听力中存在的问题并结合图式理论给出了提高新闻听力的建议。本文主要试图回答以下问题：学生和老师在英语新闻听力中的困难是什么?图示理论对于英语新闻听力的影响是什么?学生如何利用三种图示提高他们的英语新闻听力水平?本研究通过问卷和访谈两种方式收集数据,参加问卷的是泰山学院英语专业 2009 级的 130 名大二学生。其结果表明了学生听不懂英语新闻听力主要是因为缺乏相关的图式。笔者分析了其中原因,并提出了帮助学生提高英语新闻听力水平的建议。【英文摘要】At present, English news broadcasts have become necessar
3、y in the teaching process of listening. English majors and non-English majors are all required to listen to English news broadcasts. English news broadcasts provide the listeners with a good chance to learn English. The English news broadcasts are rich in content and easy to get. Listening to Englis
4、h news report very often can not only improve the listeners pronunciation, intonation, but also make them know about what have happened in the world recently, and broaden their horizon.But it is a great difficulty not only for the students to learn but also for the teachers to teach. This thesis tri
5、es to explore effective methods to improve the students ability for English news listening from the perspective of schema theory. In order to explore the influence of schema theory, especially the effects of three schemata on students English news listening, we carry out a questionnaire among 130 so
6、phomores majoring in English at Taishan College, and an interview with three teachers who have taught English news listening for several years. This questionnaire is a closed one which consists of 20 multiple choice questions. It is a self-evaluation on the students current situation of English news
7、 listening. The interview was an open one. Three teachers were asked to answer 3 questions.This study attempts to answer the following three questions:1) what are the problems students confront in the process of English news listening? 2) Do the three schemata have any effect on students English new
8、s listening and how? 3) What are the problems teachers encounter in the teaching of English news listening?The major findings of the study are:1) The students problems in English news listening mainly fall into 3 kinds:linguistic knowledge, background knowledge and structural knowledge of news liste
9、ning. The speed, the accent, vocabulary, sentence and grammar become the obstacles of the English news listening more or less. And they also lack background knowledge and at the same time they cant use the content schema to predict and make inference effectively. Whats more, they are also deficient
10、in structural knowledge. All these become the obstacles of English news listening.2) Lack of time and proper textbook are the biggest obstacles for the English teachers to apply schema theory in English news listening.Based on these findings, some suggestions are given. For the students they should
11、be fully equipped with these three schemata in English news listening and they should be active and modify these schemata effectively in the process of English news listening. For the English teachers they should give students proper instructions and choose the proper materials to help the students
12、to pull through the difficulties.This thesis falls into five chapters. The first chapter is introduction. In this chapter it mainly introduces the importance of news listening and the significance of the study. In the second chapter, it mainly has a literature review on schema theory and listening.
13、The third chapter is about the characteristics of college English news listening and the effect of schema theory on English news listening. In the fourth chapter, the writer carried out a questionnaire and an interview to find out the problems the students and teachers encounter in English news list
14、ening. the last chapter is the conclusion including the major findings, the limits of the study and the implications for college English news teaching.【关键词】英语新闻听力 语言图式 内容图式 形式图式【英文关键词】English news listening schema theory linguistic schema content schema formal schema【目录】图式理论与大学英语新闻听力教学 Abstract 8-9
15、摘要 10-11 List of Abbreviations 11-12 Chapter One Introduction 12-14 1.1 The Importance of News Listening 12 1.2 The Significance of the Study 12-13 1.3 Overview of the Thesis 13-14 Chapter Two Literature Review 14-29 2.1 Schema Theory 14-19 2.1.1 An Overview of the Schema Theory 14-15 2.1.2 The Defi
16、nitions of Schemata 15-17 2.1.3 Classification of Schemata 17-18 2.1.4 Limitations of Schema Theory 18-19 2.2 Literature Review on Listening 19-26 2.2.1 The Previous Study on Listening 19-20 2.2.2 Listening Comprehension 20-21 2.2.2.1 Definition of Listening Comprehension 20-21 2.2.2.2 Nature of Lis
17、tening Comprehension 21 2.2.3 Listening Process 21-26 2.2.3.1 Bottom-up Processing 21-24 2.2.3.2 Top-down Processing 24-25 2.2.3.3 Interactive Processing 25-26 2.3 The application of Schema Theory to Listening 26-29 Chapter College English News Listening and Three Schemata 29-36 3.1 The Definition o
18、f News 29 3.2 Three Schemata in English News Listening 29-36 3.2.1 Linguistic Schema 29-32 3.2.1.1 Use of Small and Concrete Words 30 3.2.1.2 Use of New Words 30 3.2.1.3 Loanwords 30 3.2.1.4 Using the Abbreviations 30-32 3.2.1.5 Fashionable Words in English News 32 3.2.1.6 Frequently Used tenses and
19、 Aspects 32 3.2.2 Content Schema 32-33 3.2.3 Formal Schema 33-36 Chapter Four An Experimental Study on English News Listening 36-42 4.1 Research Objective 36 4.2 Subjects 36 4.3 Instruments 36-37 4.4 Results and Discussions of the Questionnaire and the Interview 37-42 Chapter Five Conclusion 42-53 5
20、.1 Major Findings 42-45 5.1.1 Poor Linguistic Ability 42-43 5.1.1.1 Poor Phonetic Knoweldge 42-43 5.1.1.2 Lacking a Large Scale of Vocabulary 43 5.1.2 Deficient Schema Preparation and Background Information 43-44 5.1.2.1 Lacking Schema Preparation 43-44 5.1.2.2 Lacking Background Information 44 5.1.
21、3 Psychological Obstacle 44-45 5.2 The Limitations of the Study 45 5.3 The Implications for the teaching of college English News Listening 45-53 5.3.1 Improving Students Linguistic Ability 45-47 5.3.1.1 Knowing the Phonetic Difference and Overcoming the Phonetic Obstacle 46 5.3.1.2 Memorizing the Ne
22、ws Vocabulary 46-47 5.3.2 Having Generous Background Information 47-49 5.3.2.1 Mastering the News Structure and Understanding the News Lead 48 5.3.2.2 Grasping the Characteristics of Various Types of Information 48-49 5.3.3 Encouraging Students to Use the Strategy of Guessing 49-50 5.3.3.1 Guessing
23、from the News Lead 49 5.3.3.2 Guessing from the Key Words 49-50 5.3.3.3 Guessing from Discourse Markers 50 5.3.4 Intensive Listening,Extensive Listening,and Stenography 50-51 5.3.5 Listening to English News from the Easy to the Difficult 51 5.3.6 Having Good Psychological Quality 51-53 Bibliography 53-57 Appendix 57-59 Appendix 59-60 Acknowledgements 60-61 Publications 61-62 学位论文评阅及答辩情况表 62
