1、Module 4 Unit 3 Tomorrows world,Grammar and usage,语态 (Voice) 是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态通常分为主动语态和被动语态。 被动语态 (Passive Voice) 表示句子的主语是动作的承受者。其句子的谓语动词是：be + V-ed形式。,被动语态,The man _ (call) “Good husband”.,is called,The pet dog _ (treat) by veterinary.,is being treated,A frog _ (catch) by a big bird ju
2、st now.,was caught,An argument _ already _ _ (put forward).,has been put forward,be + done,The passive voice,Point out the verb, the subject and the object in the following sentences:,We kept food in the fridge.,We must close the windows and the door.,S,V.,O.,S,V.,O,Food was kept (by us) in the frid
3、ge.,The windows and the door must be closed.,怎样将主动语态改为被动语态?,1.将主动句的宾语变为主语.,2. 将主动句的动词改为 be +过去分词，注意be的时态.,3.如果必要，将主动语态的主语改为by，放在谓语动词后.,When do we use the passive voice?,Many houses will be built here.,1. 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者。,The song “The East is Red” was written by a poor peasant.,2. 强调动作的承受者。,The plan
4、 was supported by those who wished to have more chances to speak English.,3. 动作的执行者有较长的修饰语。,You are requested to attend the meeting.,4. 出于礼貌, 不愿意说出动作的执行者。,Summary:,do/does,are/is done,am/is/ are doing,has/have done,am/is/are being done,have/has been done,be going to/will do,did,was/were doing,had do
5、ne,be going to/will be done,was/were done,was/were being done,had been done,Change the following sentences into the passive voice.,1).The cat plays the ball.,2).You are writing a letter.,3).Sharon will bring some books.,The ball is played by the cat.,A letter is being written.,Some books will be bro
6、ught by Sharon.,4). My mum bought a bag for me.,A bag was brought for me by my mum.,5).Jane was washing coats.,Coats were being washed.,6).We had painted some pictures before you came.,Some pictures had been painted before you came.,7). I am going to water the flowers.,The flowers are going to be wa
7、tered .,8). He told me that they would hold the meeting the next day.,He told me that the meeting would be held (by them) the next day.,9) All of us like her.,10) We are discussing the question.,11) We have put off the meeting.,12) I will post the letter next week.,She is liked by all of us.,The que
8、stion is being discussed.,The meeting has been put off.,The letter will be posted next week.,Fill in the blanks with the right form of the words given:,I _ (give) a new book by my father on my birthday. English _ (find) very useful. 3. The work _ (finish)tomorrow. 4. The flowers _ (water) by them no
9、w.,was given,is found,will be finished,are being watered,5. The railway _ (build) this time last year. 6. The new way _ already _ (build). 7. The new railway _ (build) by the end of last year. 8. He told me the sports meeting _ (hold) the next month. 9. Rice _ (grow) in the south of the States.,was
10、being built,has,been built,had been built,would be held,is grown,Change the following sentences into passive voice and ask questions about the underlined parts:,1. We will build many new sports venues for the Beijing Olympics.,Many new sports venues will be built for the Beijing Olympics.,What will
11、be built for the Beijing Olympics?,2. I was watching the final match on TV yesterday evening.,3. John carried the Canadian flag at the opening of the Olympics.,The final match was being watched yesterday evening.,Where was the final match being watched yesterday?,The Canadian flag was carried by Joh
12、n at the opening of the Olympics.,Who (Whom) was the Canadian flag carried by at the Olympics?,4. We have made the flags by hand.,5. I will take care of your dog while you are away.,The flags have been made by hand.,How have the flags been made?,Your dog will be taken care of while you are away.,Wha
13、t will be taken care of while you are away?,Modal verb + be + done,情态动词的被动语态形式可用于谈论能力，可能性，职责和允诺.,Firefighters could be trained using RealCine.,Computers can calculate the position of the viewer at any time.,The position of the viewer can be calculated at any time.,Practice,1. The viewer can touch th
14、e objects in the film.,2. The viewer may feel a real sense of achievement and happiness.,3. RealCine might not impress some viewers.,The objects in the film can be touched.,A real sense of achievement and happiness may be felt.,Some viewers might not be impressed by RealCine.,4. Teachers could use R
15、ealCine in the classroom too.,5. Film-makers should use RealCine for all films.,6. Scientists ought to develop RealCine further.,7. The viewer must wear special gloves.,RealCine could be used in the classroom too.,RealCine should be used for all films.,RealCine ought to be developed further.,Special
16、 gloves must be worn.,被动语态的各种句型,1. 单宾语结构,Our English teacher often uses a tape-recorder in class.,A tape-recorder is often used (by our English teacher) in class.,1.The villagers gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.,(1)The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the villagers.,(2)A warm welco
17、me was given to the foreign guests by the villagers.,2.We offered people in the flooded areas some food and clothes.,2. 双宾语结构。,(1)People in the flooded areas were offered some food and clothes.,(2)Some food and clothes were offered to the people in the flooded areas.,3. 复合宾语结构。,They heard someone si
18、nging in the next room.,宾语,宾语补足语,Someone was heard singing in the next room.,在主动语态中，有些使役动词和感官动词后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。 但在被动语态中，要改为带to的不定式作主语补足语。如: see/hear/make sb. do sth. Sb. be seen/heard/made to do sth.,They saw the boy fall from the tree.,The boy was seen to fall from the tree.,I hear the girl sing E
19、nglish songs.,The girl is heard sing English songs.,to,Practice,4. 短语动词结构。相当于及物动词的短语动词也可以有被动语态。 如: look after, give up, take care of, pay attention to, make use of, put off, wake up, put out 等。,The children are taken good care of.,The big fire has been put out.,孩子们得到了很好的照顾。 大火已经扑灭了。,特别注意,1. 只有及物动词和及
20、物动词短语才可以有被动语态。 不及物动词，不及物动词短语或系动词没有被动语态。 如: happen, go on, take place, belong to, sound, feel等。,Correct mistakes:,This room is belonged to me.,This music is sounded sweet.,belongs to,sounds,2. 有些动词常用主动形式表示被动的意思，如: open, write, read, sell, wash, measure 等。,Your article reads well.,This type of car sel
21、ls well in China.,This hall measures 100 metres long and 60 metres wide.,This sweater_ (wash) well. The pen_ (write) smoothly.,washes,writes,Practice,My bike got stolen last night.,The eggs have got broken.,The workers have got paid.,3. 有时被动语态中可以用get代替be, 如：get changed, get dressed, get drunk, get h
22、urt,1.我的自行车昨晚被偷了。,2. 这些蛋已经被打碎了。,3.工资已经付给了工人们。,It is said that It is reported that It is hoped that It is well known that It is believed that It must be pointed out that ,4. 在一些固定句型中常用被动语态。 如：,It is reported that another man-made satellite will be sent into the moon next month.,Another man-made satel
23、lite is reported to be sent into the moon next month.,据报道,下个月又一颗人造卫星将会被发送到月球上。,The three missing sailors are believed to have drowned.,It is believed that the three missing sailors have drowned.,人们认为这三个失踪的海员已经淹死了。,It is said that Li Ping will study abroad.,Li Ping is said to study abroad.,It is said
24、 that Li Ping is studying abroad.,Li Ping is said to be studying abroad.,Li Ping is said to have studied abroad.,Li Ping is said to have been studying abroad.,It is said that Li Ping studied abroad.,It is said that Li Ping has been studying abroad.,5. 被动语态与系表结构,被动语态表示动作，句子主语是该动作的承受者，过去分词表示动作；而系表结构表示
25、状态，说明主语的特点或所处的状态。,The long novel was written by Mr. Lu Xun in the 1920s.,The long novel is well written, isnt it ?,The glass was broken by his little son yesterday.,Look, the glass is broken! Who broke it ?,被动语态,被动语态,系表结构,系表结构,1. Town Hall is the tallest building in the city. _ from here? A. Can it
26、see B. Can it be seenC. Can be seen it D. Can see答案 B。 Town Hall (市政厅) 应当是 被看见，所以应在B和C中选择。又因这是一个问句，故选B。,Exercise,2. The ceremony has already started. Look! The flag is _ now.A. being raised B. risenC. being rose D. raising答案 A。 rise vi.升起，不能有被动 形式，故B, C不能选用。 raise vt.举起，升起。后要接宾语，故D不适用。 being raised正
27、在被升起，正符合题意。,3. The assassination attempt _ millions, because the speech was on television. A. was seen by B. was saw byC. seen by D. was seen for答案 A。assassination暗杀。根据题意：暗杀行为被数百万人所看见，故选A。,4. The things talked about in this report _ over a year ago. A. had taken place B. took placeC. have taken plac
28、e D. were taken place答案 B。发生 (take place, occur, happen) 均为不及物动词(词组)，没有被动语态。,5. The Anti-Japanese War _ in 1937 and it _ eight years. A. was broken out; lastedB. broke out; lasted C. break out; lastsD. broke out; was lasted答案 B。 break out, last 均为不及物动词（短语），没有被动语态。,6. Come and sit down by the fire. Y
29、our hand _.A. feels so cold B. is felt so coldlyC. feels so coldly D. feel so cold答案 A。 feel（摸起来有的感觉）seem, sound, look 等作为系动词使用，系表结构没有被动语态。,7. I need one more stamp before my collection _.A. has completed B. completesC. has been completed D. is completed答案 D。before引导的时间状语从句中用现在时表示将来，而collection与 com
30、plete之间为被动关系。我所集的邮票还差一张才能成整套。,8. In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is servedC. serves D. served答案 B。本题叙述的是一般的情况，常用一般现在时，答案可在B和C中选择。serve意思是“供给”或 “送上”，此处应用被动语态。在世界上一些地区，人们饮茶时都加牛奶和蔗糖。,9. Hell be an astronaut by the time he _ thirty.A. is B. had beenC. will be D. i
31、s going to be答案 A。主句中用的是一般将来时， by the time引导时间状语从句中用现 在时态表示将来。到他三十岁时，他就会成为一名宇航员。,10. If city noises _ from increasing, people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A. are not kept; will have toB. are not kept; have toC. do not keep; will have toD. do not keep; have to答案 A。I
32、f从句中，“噪声被加以控制”需用被动语态，答案为A或B。主句中时间状语为“从现在起二十年后”，要用将来时表示，所以答案为A。,如果对城市的噪声不加以控制，二十年后甚至在餐桌上人们将不得不大声叫嚷才能使对方听见。,11. The water will be further polluted unless some measures _. A. will be taken B. are takenC. were taken D. had been taken答案 B。主句中为一般将来时，unless引导条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来，而“措施”应该是“被采取”，用被动语态。如果不采取措施，河水将
33、会进一步受到污染。,12. Good care must _ babies particularly while they are ill. A. take B. take ofC. be taken D. be taken of答案 D。 take care of babies 意为“照看 婴儿”。句子主语为care，谓语动词必 须用被动语态，所以答案为D。婴儿必须得到精心的照顾，尤其是在他们生病时。,Choose the best answers:, Is Bob still performing ? Im afraid not. He is said _ the stage alread
34、y as he has become an official.to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left,2. - Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York?- I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to.will not be sent; that not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; wh
35、at,3. She is very shy and she is not used to _ in front of others. A. praise B. praising C. being praised D. be praised 4. What did the students think of the speech made by the lecturer yesterday? To tell you the truth, the students were all _ with the _ speech. A. boring; boring B. boring; bored C.
36、 bored; bored D. bored; boring,5. At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement _.（2007 江苏卷）A. has been reached B. had been reached C. has reached D. had reached 6. John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it _ seriously.（2007 上海春）A. damaged B. was being damaged C. had d
37、amaged D. had been damaged,7. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _ yet. （2007 浙江卷）A. hasnt been decided B. havent decided C. isnt being decided D. arent decided,8. Millions of pounds worth of damage _ by a storm which swept across the north of England l
38、ast night.A. has been caused B. had been causedC. will be caused D. will have been caused,9. Much attention should _ the rapid increase in the number of cars on the roads, which may _ traffic jams and more accidents.A. pay to;result in B. be paid;result fromC. be paid to;result in D. be paid;result
39、from,10. My sister _ a good chance to go abroad for further education.A. offered B. was offeringC. has offered D. was offered 11. A book _ more than once if you want to understand it better.A. must be readed B. must be read C. must to be read D. must read,12. Every possible means _ to prevent the ai
40、r pollution, but sky is still not clear.A. is used B. are usedC. have used D. has been used 13. George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding ?No. I _. Did they have a big wedding?was not invited B. have not been invited C. hadnt been invited D. didnt invite,14. The flowers were
41、 so lovely that they _ in no time. (2007全国I)A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell,15. Leonardo da Vinci (14521519) _ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. (2007重庆)A. is said to be buying B. is said to have bought C. had said to buy D. has said to have
42、bought,16. Have you handed in your schoolwork yet? Yes, I have. I guess it _ now. (2007辽宁) A. has graded B. is graded C. is being graded D. is grading,17. The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front _ to arrive. (2008全国I) A. is expected B. is expecting C. expects D. will be expected 18.
43、 Officials say that few patients _ with the virus owing to the effective prevention. (2008上海春) A. infected B. are infected C. have infected D. be infected,19. He _ as a national hero for winning the first gold medal for his country in the Olympics. (2008重庆) A. regarded B. was regarded C. has regarde
44、d D. had been regarded 20. Do you have any problems if you _ this job? Well, Im thinking about the salary. (2008湖南) A. offer B. will offer C. are offered D. will be offered,21. It remains _ whether Jimll be fit enough to play in the finals. (浙江 2006) A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see,B,22. I
45、 dont suppose the police know who did it. Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and _ now.(江苏 2006) A. has been questioned B. is being questioned C. is questioning D. has questioned,B,23. Your job _ open for your return. Thanks.(北京 2006) A. will be kept B. will keep C. had kept D. had
46、been kept,A,24. Tom sounds very much _ in the job, but Im not sure whether he can manage it. (安徽 2006) A. interested B. interesting C. interestingly D. interestedly 25. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.(上海 2004) A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D
47、. to be smelt,A,B,Quiz 2: Fill in the blanks with the right form of the words given:,I _ (give) a new book by my father on my birthday. English _ (find) very useful. 3. The work _ (finish)tomorrow. 4. The flowers _ (water) by them now.,was given,is found,will be finished,are being watered,5. The railway _ (build) this time last year. 6. The new way _ already _ (build). 7. The new railway _ (build) by the end of last year. 8. He told me the sports meeting _ (hold) the next month. 9. Rice _ (grow) in the south of the States.,
