1、Unit 10 Money Period Three Grammar 课件(北师大版必修4,课标通用),不定代词及动词不定式 一、不定代词的用法 1不定代词一览表,2.不定代词的语法特征(1)every和no只能用作形容词,不能用作代词。(2)复合不定代词都不可接of短语,但some one,every one,any one都是两个词,之后可接of短语(注意no one不可接of短语)。Every one of the students can speak good English.这些学生每个人都能说一口流利的英语。(3)除上述词之外,其他的不定代词既可用作代词,又可用作形容词(none只
2、作代词)。形容词修饰复合不定代词时,必须置其后。,3不定代词的用法难点 (1)no one,none,nothing的用法区别 no one单独使用,只用于指人。 No one knows anything about when he or she was born. 对于他或她出生于什么时间,没有人知道。 none一般与of短语连用,指人或物。 none of the boys/the money/them 从of短语的特点可以判断,none强调数量的概念,因此在回答有关数量问题时,一般用none。,How many Chinese stamps do you collect? None.
3、你收集了多少枚中国邮票? 一枚都没有。 He has many friends,but none can really help him when he is in trouble. 他有很多朋友,但真到他有麻烦时没有一个人能真正地帮他。,nothing表示“什么也没有,没有东西”,是全部否定,作主语、宾语或表语。 Nothing can stop us marching forward. 没有什么能阻止我们前行。 Dont be so proud.You are nothing. 不要这么骄傲,你不是什么了不起的人物。 注意:none与nothing的不同,试看: When I return
4、ed to my share of apples,I found none left. 当我回去取自己的那份苹果时,发现一无所有。 (用none表示一个苹果也没有了,但如果用nothing则表示什么都没有了,连其他的东西也没有了。),(2)each和every的用法区别 each强调“个体”,起代词和形容词作用;every强调“全体”,只能作定语。each作同位语时,不影响谓语动词的数,不可用not each来表示部分否定,而not every可以表示部分否定。 The tickets each cost ten dollars. 这些票每张十美元。(each作同位语,不能用costs) Ev
5、ery man is not honest.Not every man is honest. 并非每个人都诚实。,every还可表示“每隔的;每中的”,如下列说法中只能用every。 every year or two每一两年 every now and then时常 every other day每隔一天 Choose one out of every ten boys.从每十个男孩中选一个。 one car to every 20 people每20人乘一辆车,(3)another,other,the other,others,the others的用法一览表,二、动词不定式 1动词不定式
6、的语法功能动词不定式可以在句子中作除谓语之外的几乎所有成分,即可在不同的句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。To see is to believe.(主语)(表语)眼见为实。Her job is to take care of the children in the kindergarten.(表语)她的工作是在幼儿园照顾小孩。The old woman hopes to travel to Hainan.(宾语)那位老太太希望去海南旅游。,The doctor persuaded the patient to give up smoking. (宾语补足语)医生说服了这位病人
7、戒烟。 Tom has a great deal of housework to do this weekend. (定语)这个周末汤姆有很多家务活要做。 Nice to see you again here.(状语) 很高兴再次在这儿见到你。 To be honest/frank,I dislike her.(独立成分) 老实/坦白说,我不喜欢她。,2动词不定式的否定式动词不定式的否定式由“not不定式”构成。I decided not to go there so hurriedly.我决定不这么匆忙地去那儿。 3动词不定式的省略(1)省略不定式的符号to。动词不定式作see,look a
8、t,watch,notice,observe,feel等感官动词以及have,let,make等使役动词后面的宾语补足语时,不定式的符号to要省略。I often hear my neighbor sing English songs.我经常听到我邻居唱英文歌。,(2)保留不定式的符号to,省略动词原形。 有时为了避免重复,可以只用to代替前面的不定式,这种情况往往出现在下列动词或形容词,如care,expect,forget,hope,intend,mean,prefer,try,want,wish,be glad/happy/delighted,would like/love等后面。 I
9、have never been to Macau but I do wish to. 我从没去过澳门,但我很渴望去。,4动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式有一般式、进行式和完成式,当动词不定式的逻辑主语是它所表示的动作的承受者时,动词不定式要用被动语态。It is an honour for me to be invited to the party.我很荣幸被邀请参加聚会。Dont pretend to be working hard.不要装作努力工作。Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.真对不起,给你带来这么多麻烦。,5动词不定式的复合结构动
10、词不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for/of名词或代词宾格”构成,不定式的复合结构可以在句子中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。注意:不定式的复合结构作主语时,“It be形容词of sb to do sth”句型应用表示人的特征的形容词,且可以转换成“sb be形容词to do sth”句型;而“Itbe形容词for sb to do sth”句型用表示事情本身的特征的形容词,不能倒过来说。,Its foolish of Jimmy to make such a decision.(Jimmy is foolish to make such a decision.) 吉米做出这样的决定是愚蠢的。 Its
11、necessary for Tom to study hard.(Tom is necessary to study hard.)汤姆有必要努力学习。,6“疑问词动词不定式”结构“疑问词动词不定式”相当于名词,可以在句子中作主语、宾语或表语。The little girl didnt know what to do next.那个小女孩不知道下一步该怎么办。,.阅读下列句子, 按照句子结构的语法性以及句意,用适当的代词填空。 1If you need money, Ill lend you_. 2_John nor Tom and I are to take part in the compe
12、tition. 3I love my motherland as _as you love yours. 4You can hold the pot in one hand and take off the lid with_. 5It is easy to see that the people of different cultures have always copied_other.,6_of us like to swim in the polluted water. 7There are flowers on _sides of the street. 8There are flo
13、wers on_side of the street. 9Although hes wealthy,he spends_on clothes. 10Is there_you dont understand? 11Dont you want this nice cheap red umbrella?No, I dont want it. Please show me_. 12Did you find your watch yesterday?No, I didnt find it, but Ive bought_. 答案 1.some 2.Neither 3.much 4.the other 5
14、.each 6None 7.both 8.either 9.little 10.anything 11.another 12.one,.用不定式改写下列句子 1I find that it is difficult to speak English well.I find _ English well. 2The boy got up earlier so that he might not be late again.The boy got up earlier_late again. 3It seemed they were writing something for somebody.T
15、hey seemed_something for somebody. 4It happened that they had known each other before.They happened_each other before.,5Jim doesnt know how he can improve his Chinese.Jim doesnt know_his Chinese. 6The progress which will be made soon is of great importance.The progress_soon is very important. 答案 1.i
16、t difficult to speak 2.in order not to be 3.to be writing 4.to have known 5.how to improve 6.to be made,.单项填空 1I dont agree with_you said just now. Ive some different opinions on the question.Anothing BanythingCeverything Dsomething,解析 句意:我并不完全同意刚才你所说的话,关于这个问题我有一些不同的意见。根据第二句的some可知,第一句话是部分否定。not和all
17、,everything,everyone,everybody,each等词搭配时,表示部分否定。none,neither,nobody,no one表示全部否定。句中的not anything相当于nothing,表示全部否定。 答案 C,2Of all the books on the desk,_is of any use for our safety.Anothing Bno one Cneither Dnone解析 句意:在书桌上所有的书中,没有一本对我们的安全有用。none of表示“在范围里没有一个”。答案 D,3The manager believes that prices w
18、ill rise by more than_4%.Aany other Bthe other Canother Dother解析 句意:经理相信价钱还会上涨4%多。表示“再”用another,而other通常位于数词之后。答案 C,4He is very smart and_can be hidden from him.Anothing BsomethingCeverything Danything解析 句意:他非常聪明,什么事情也瞒不了他。nothing“没有什么”,符合题意。答案 A,5We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter m
19、ade_from some wood we had.Ait Bone Chimself Danother解析 句意:我们厨房需要一个新的壁橱。因此彼得用我们自己的一些木料做了一个。one表泛指,相当于a cupboard。答案 B,6There are four bedrooms in the flat,_with its own bathroom.Aall Bevery Ceach Deither解析 句意:这套房中有4个卧室,每个都有独立的卫生间。either表示“两者之一”;every为形容词。each“每一个”,符合题意。答案 C,7Would you like to buy a ca
20、r here?Yes,but Id like to buy_made in Shanghai.Aone Bthat Cit Dthe one解析 句意:“你想在这里买辆车吗?”“是的,但我想买上海出产的。”空格内表泛指,故用one。答案 A,8_is to struggle.ALiving BLiveCTo live DTo be lived解析 句意:生活就是奋斗。要注意主语和表语形式上的一致性,此句也可用:Living is struggling.答案 C,9The project_by the end of 2013,will expand the citys telephone net
21、work to cover 2,000,000 users.Abeing accomplished BaccomplishedCto be accomplished Dhaving been accomplished解析 句意:到2013年年底要完成的这项工程将把这座城市的电话网扩大到能覆盖200万用户。不定式表将来,故选C。A项表示正在进行;B项表示已经完成;D项不能作定语。答案 C,10They appeared_me,so I had to explain to them.Amisunderstanding BmisunderstoodCto be misunderstood Dto have misunderstood解析 句意:他们好像误解了我,我必须向他们解释。appear后需跟不定式作表语,因misunderstand发生在explain之前,故此处应用不定式的完成式。答案 D,