1、11全部否定(Total negation)英语表示全部否定和汉语不尽相同，不是用 all 或 every 加否定词，而是用none，nothing/nobody 等。1)Everybody talks about the weather, but nobody does anything about it.人人都在谈论天气，但面对天气却又束手无策（无能为力） 。2)I dont know any of them. (=I know none of them.)他们当中没有一个我认识的。3)All his plans came to nothing.他的所有计划都未能实现。4)No man c
2、an serve two masters.一仆不能侍二主。5)No man is content.人心不足。2部分否定(Partial negation) 不定代词 all, both, every, everybody, everything, 及副词 everywhere, always, altogether, entirely, wholly 等+not ，构成部分否定。部分否定句很容易被误解为全部否定句，翻译时要倍加小心。1)I dont know all of you.你们大家我并不全认识。2)All is not gold that glitters.闪闪发光物，未必尽黄金。3)
3、The good and beautiful do not always go together.善与美并不时常在一起。4)I dont wholly agree.我并不完全赞成。5)All the answers are not right.答案并非全对。3延续否定(Continuative negation)延续否定是一种强调的否定，是在后半句中将前半句中的否定用短语或句子加以强调。翻译是应该用适当的汉语词语表达出同等程度的强调，如使用“决不” 、 “更不用说”等。1)He will not break his words, not he.4半否定(Semi-negation/quasi-
4、negation) 常用的半否定词有 hardly, little, scarcely, seldom, few, rarely 等。1)I need hardly say that he did quite well.他干得相当不错，这几乎不用我说。22)Little remains to be said.简直没有什么可说的了。3)I saw little or nothing of him after you were gone.5. 双重否定(double negation)双重否定是一种生动而强调的肯定，其形式变化颇多。翻译是应尽可能保留否定的语气，比单纯的肯定有强而有力。1)What
5、s done cannot be undone.事情已经做了，后悔也没有用；覆水难收；一言既出，驷马难追2)You cant make something out of nothing.巧妇难为无米之炊。3)We can live without food or water for some days, but without air we cannot live even a few minutes.没有食物和水，我们能够活上几天，但如果没有空气，我们甚至连几分钟也不能生存。4)No sweet without sweat.没苦就没甜。5)No gains without pains.不劳而
6、无获。6)Nothing venture, nothing have.不入虎穴焉得虎子。6转移否定（Transferred negation）在转移否定句中，否定词虽然在谓语动词前，但否定的却是谓语以外的成分。1) I didnt go to see him off, but to meet him.我是去送他，不是去接他。2) You cannot judge a thing only by its looks.你不能光凭外表来判断一件事情。3) He didnt drive to work today.他今天不是开车来上班的。4）This great victory has not bee
7、n won easily.这个伟大胜利是得来不易的。5）He didnt give up because it was difficult.他不是因为困难而放弃的。7排除否定（Excluded negation）排除否定句一般用介词 but， except，apart from 等引出不包括的成分。1)Genius is nothing but labour and diligence.3天才就是勤奋。2)Everybody is ready except him. 除了他以外，大家都准备好了。3)We all went but him.除了他以外，我们都去了。4)During that ti
8、me, we never experienced anything other than the utmost courtesy and genuine friendship of the Chinese people.在那以前，我们从未经历过像中国人民所给予我们的那种最高礼遇和真诚友谊。5)All items were discussed exclusive of the last two. 除最后两项以外，其它都讨论到了。6)They passed with the exception of three.他们当中除了三人其他都及格了。7)I care for nothing besides
9、(apart form) this. （除外）除了这个以外，我不要别的了。试比较：Apart from(besides) English, he is well versed in Russian.(包括) 除了英语，他还精通俄语。8 比较否定（Comparative negation）包含比较的否定句有同级、比较级和最高级三级。典型的句型有 no more than, no less than, not so muchas, nothing is more than, nothing is so as, not better 等。这类句子理解起来有一定难度，所以翻译时需慎之又慎。1) The
10、re is no more dangerous experiment than that of trying to appear what one is not.在人前装模作样，是比什么还要危险的尝试了。2）A man has no more right to say an uncivil thing than to act one.一个人无权说无理的事，就像他无权做无理的事一样。3）Doris gave no sign of good looks, her nose was too long and her figure was lumpy; so that Mrs Garstin coul
11、d hope no more for her than that she should marry a young man who was well off and in a suitable profession.陶丽丝不能算美，她的鼻子太高，身子矮胖；所以嘉斯丁夫人除了指望她嫁给一个富裕而有适当职业的青年以外，别无奢望了。4）The singer is no less a personage than a prince.那位歌手的名望正如一个王子。9. “cannot/can never/could not/could never too” 及其它类似句型这一类句子也容易造成误解，翻译时要
12、特别注意。1）I can never thank him enough. 我怎么感谢他都不够。2）One cannot be too careful. 一个人再怎么细心都不为过。43）You can never praise him too highly.你再怎么表扬他都不算过高。4）The importance of reading cannot be over-emphasized.阅读的重要性再怎么强调都不为过分。I. Warming up 1. His hint escaped me 2. The project is yet in the air3. She was over 70.
13、nut she carried her years lightly.4. A bad book can go on poisoning peoples mind for any length of time.5. They never work without helping each other.6. His explanation is pretty thin.7. His speech leaves nothing to be desired.8. He knew he was mortally ill.9. His refusal was not final.II. Positive
14、sentences turned into negative ones.1. Wet paint.！2. I hate to see that stony face of hers. 3. He knew he was mortally ill.4. Well go for a picnic if the weather holds a couple of days.5. I missed seeing you in my class last week.6. I missed the school bus and had to take a taxi to school.7. He miss
15、ed the basket.8. At that time girls were denied chances to go to school.9. Access denied!10. Access to the library is denied to self-taught students.11. Their efforts proved predictably futile.12. The teacher expects his students to attend his classes regularly.13. We may safely say so.14. Keep the
16、medicine beyond childrens reach.15. The brave man, living or dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it (this ground) far above our poor power to add or detract.16. He was absent from class yesterday.17. Daring her husbands absence, she had a hard time looking after her 4 kinds.18. Keep out19. It
17、 would be most disastrous if even a rumor of it were given out.520. This problem is above me.21. It is beyond my power to grant you such a long leave.22. Im going to stay at school instead of going home during the vocation.23. Give me liberty, or give me death.24. The Indians were slow to perceive t
18、hat their way of life was incompatible with that of the English.25. Before the Indians realized what was happening, they were outnumbered.26. He is the last person I would like to see at the moment.27. He sat in his pants in his room.III. Negative sentences turned into positive ones1. No smoking!！No
19、 photo! 2. Dont make you conclusion until the end of the year.3. He returned home with no hope on his face.4. The students trust their teacher because he never fails to answer their questions.5. The workers are losing no time in constructing the new railroad.6. Law is no respecter of persons.8. The
20、child can walk without any help.9. She came into the room with no shoes on.10. It cant be better.11. This sculpture cant be improved.12. Im not a good sailor.Not all verse is poetry; not all prose about the past is history, nor is all literary work literature. The discrimination is habitually applied to other subjects, and clearly it is the quality which is decisive, not the quantity, scope or subject-matter, still less the popularity, of the work.
