1、名词解释Poetry -Meter：格律Foot：音步Iambic: 抑扬格Monometer：单音步*Dimeter：双音步*Trimeter：三音步*Tetrameter：四音步Pentameter: 五音步*Hexameter：六音步*Heptameter：七音步*Octameter：八音步*Nonameter ：九音步 *Rhyme：韵脚Stanza 诗节Verse：韵文Sonnet: 十四行诗Epic：史诗Blank verse: 无韵体诗Heroic couplet：英雄双韵体Elegy: 挽歌 Ode：颂Lyric：抒情诗Ballad：民谣Alliteration: 头韵Onom
2、atopoeia 拟声Synesthesia：通感Assonance: 元音韵Consonance: 辅音韵Conceit: （玄派诗人使用的）新奇的隐喻Dramatic monologue: 戏剧独白Pre-Raphaelite Poets：前拉斐尔派诗人Image: 意象Symbol: 象征Imagism: 意象派Symbolism：象征主义Lake Poets：湖畔诗人The Movement：“运动”Drama-Act: 幕Scene: 场Protagonist：主角Antagonist：反角Aside：旁白Soliloquy：独白Plot：情节Dramatic structure 戏
3、剧结构: exposition（开端）rising action（发展）-climax （高潮）falling action（回落） -resolution（结局）Three unities: 三一律Foreshadowing：伏笔Miracle plays：奇迹剧Morality play：道德剧Interlude：插剧Comedy：喜剧Tragedy：悲剧Heroic drama：英雄剧University Wits: “大学才子”Comedy of manners：风尚喜剧Irish dramatic movement: 爱尔兰戏剧运动Absurd theatre: 荒诞剧Novel-S
4、etting：背景Character：人物Plot：情节Theme：主题Point of view：叙事角度Flat character：扁平人物Round character：圆形人物 Foil：陪衬人物 Fiction：小说 Novel：长篇小说 Short story：短篇小说 Romance：传奇 Picaresque novel：流浪小说 Epistolary novel：书信体小说 Gothic novel: 哥特小说 Flashback：闪回Irony：讽刺 Parody：戏仿Understatement：含蓄陈述 Stream of consciousness：意识流Momen
5、t of importance：重要瞬间Epiphany：精神顿悟 Psychological Time：心理时间 Historical novel: 历史小说Detective story：侦探小说Ghost story：鬼故事 Saga：萨迦；（讲述许多年间发生的事情的）长篇故事Anti-utopian novel: 反乌托邦小说Prose-Non-fiction: 纪实性文学（非小说）Chronicle：编年史Essay：随笔 The Spectator: 旁观者报时代及流派Medieval Period： 中世纪Norman Conquest 诺曼征服Feudal Period：封建时
6、期Chivalry：骑士精神Reformation：宗教改革Elizabethan Age：伊莉莎白时期Renaissance：文艺复兴Humanism：人文主义 The Anglican Church：英国国教（圣公会） The British Civil War：英国内战Restoration：王政复辟 Metaphysical Poets：玄派诗人Enlightenment：启蒙运动Neo-classicism：新古典主义 Sentimentalism：感伤主义Industrial Revolution：工业革命Romanticism：浪漫主义 Victorian Age：维多利亚时期T
7、he Chartist Movement：宪章运动 (Critical) Realism：（批判）现实主义Naturalism：自然主义 Aestheticism：唯美主义Modernism：现代主义Irish Renaissance：爱尔兰文艺复兴Existentialism：存在主义 The Angry Yong Man: 愤怒的青年作家及作品早期：Beowulf贝尔武甫 ，the first English epicPlot；featureKing Alfreds Anglo-Saxon Chronicle盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史, prose, compiled around 882 AD
8、中世纪：Geoffrey Chaucer “the father of modern English poetry.”Troilus and Criseyde特罗伊拉斯和克莱西得 ；The Canterbury Tales（1387-1400） 坎特伯雷故事集节选：PROLOGUE“Here begins the Book of the Tales of CanterburyWhen April with his showers sweet with fruitThe drought of March has pierced unto the rootAnd bathed each vein
9、with liquor that has powerTo generate therein and sire the flower;When Zephyr also has, with his sweet breath,Quickened again, in every holt and heath,The tender shoots and buds, and the young sunInto the Ram one half his course has run,And many little birds make melodyThat sleep through all the nig
10、ht with open eye(So Nature pricks them on to ramp and rage)Then do folk long to go on pilgrimage,And palmers to go seeking out strange strands,To distant shrines well known in sundry lands当四月的甘霖渗透了三月枯竭的根须，沐灌了丝丝茎络，触动了生机，使枝头涌现出花蕾，当和风吹香，使得山林莽原遍吐着嫩条新芽，青春的太阳已转过半边白羊宫座， 小鸟唱 起曲调，通宵睁开睡眼，是自然拨弄着它们的心弦：这时，人们渴想着朝
11、拜四方名坛，游僧 们也立愿跋涉异乡。 ”诗人在描述了中世纪英国的各种社会关系和阶级关系，反映了当时的世代面貌，揭露了教会和贵族的腐败和虚伪。此外，乔叟首次用伦敦方言进行文学创作，推动了伦敦方言的发展，使它成为英国的民族语言。乔叟首创了英雄双韵体（heroic couplet ） 。Sir Thomas Malory (1408-1471) 马洛礼, Le Morte DArthur,亚瑟王之死文艺复兴 （15 世纪-16 世纪）Elizabethan Age 伊莉莎白时期；Humanism ：人文主义Sir Phillip Sidney （锡德尼） ，poetArcadia 阿拉迪亚 Astr
12、ophel and Stella 爱星者与星星108 sonnetsDefense of Poetry 诗辩 Edmund Spenser (斯宾赛)，poetThe Shepherds Calendar牧羊人日记The Faerie Queen仙后斯宾塞诗体（Spenserian Stanza）: 一共九行，前八行抑扬格五音步，最后一行抑扬格六音步，韵脚为：ababbcbcc。University Wits (大学才子 )，dramatists Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593) (马娄)，one of the “University Wits”Tamburlai
13、ne 帖木儿大帝The tragically story of Doctor Faustus 浮士德博士The Jew of Malta 马其他的犹太人 William Shakespeare (1564-1616)（莎士比亚）Tragedies:Julius Caesar; Romeo and Juliet; (Hamlet; Othello; King Lear; Macbeth), Antony and CleopatraComedies:The Comedy of Errors 错中错; The Taming of the Shrew 驯悍记; A Midsummer Nights D
14、ream仲夏夜之梦; The Merchant of Venice; The Merry Wives of Windsor 温莎的风流娘儿们; As you Like it 皆大欢喜; Much Ado about Nothing 无事生非A Midsummer Nights Dream 仲夏夜之梦;Tragi-comedies (传奇剧): Cymbeline辛白林 （1609） 、The Winters Tale冬天的故事 （1610）和 The Tempest暴风雨 （1611）The plots of Hamlet, Merchant of Venice, Othello, Macbe
15、th, Romeo and Juliet, King LearThe character of Othello; the character of Iago; the character of Portia; the character of Hamlet; the character of Macbeth; the character of King Lear, etc. Sonnets: Sonnet1; Sonnet 18; rhyme: abab, cdcd, efef, gg, qutrains and one coupletTheme: friendship, beauty, lo
16、ve, the power of poetry, marriage, etc. Ben Johnson (本 .琼 生 )Every Man in His Humor 人人高兴 , The Alchemist 炼金术士, the Fox 狐狸John Webster (1580-1632)（韦伯斯特）White Devil, Duchess of Malfi 马尔菲公爵夫人17 世纪Francis Bacon（培根）Essays 随笔集Of studies 谈读书prose节选：Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.
17、Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博采也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and
18、 digested; 书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。Histories make men wise, poets witty, the mathematics subtle, natural philosophy deep, moral grave, logic and rhetoric able to contend 读史使人明智，读诗使人聪慧，演算使人精密，哲理使人深刻，伦理学使人有修养，逻辑修辞使人善辩-王佐良Sir Thomas BrowneReligion of a Doctor虔诚的医生 proseThomas HobbesLeviathan 利维坦 proseJoh
19、n Locke 洛克Essay Concerning Human Understanding人类理解论prosetwo treatises of civil government政府论proseSamuel Pepys 塞缪尔佩皮斯 Diary of Samuel Pepys佩皮斯日记 proseRobert Burton 罗伯特波顿Anatomy of Melancholy 忧郁的解剖 proseIzaak Walton 艾萨克 沃尔顿The Compleat Angler 垂钓大全 proseMetaphysical Poets （玄派诗人）：John Donne 邓恩The Flea 跳
20、蚤George Herbert 乔治 赫伯特 Andrew Marvell 安德鲁 马维尔Henry Vaughan 亨利 沃恩John Milton 弥尔顿 poetParadise Lost 失乐园The character of “Satan”; the main plot Paradise Regained 福乐园Samson Agonistes 力士参孙 The contributions of MiltonThe NeoclassicistsAlexander Pope 蒲柏 PoetThe Rape of the Lock 劫发纪Popes Homer Popes Shakesp
21、eareThe Dunciad 笨伯记Popes Essay on Man 人论(heroic couplets 英雄双韵体)-iambic pentameter, rhyming aabb: “Tis not a lip, or eye, we beauty call,But the joint force and full result of all.Good nature and good sense must ever join;To err is human, to forgive divine. ”His styleJohn Dryden 德莱顿 All for Love 一切为了
22、爱情 NeoclassicismWilliam Wycherley 威廉 威彻利 The Plain Dealer 光明磊落者William Congreve 威廉.康格里夫 The Old Bachelor 老光棍 Daniel Defoe 笛福 NeoclassicismRobinson Crusoe 鲁滨逊漂流记The character of Robinson Crusoe Captain Singleton 辛格尔顿船长 Moll Flanders茉尔.弗兰德斯Colonel Jacque雅克上校Roxana 罗克萨娜 Contributions to literature Jona
23、than Swift 斯威夫特 NeoclassicismA Tale of a Tub 一个木桶的故事proseThe Battle of the Books书之战proseA Modest Proposal一个小小的建议 proseGullivers Travels格列佛游记 novelThe main plot Style18 世纪John Gay 约翰.盖伊The Beggars Opera 乞丐歌剧 playOliver Goldsmith 哥尔德斯密斯The Traveler旅行者poemThe Deserted Village荒村-poem， heroic couplet aa,
24、bbThe Vicar of Wakefield 威克菲尔德的牧师novelShe Stoops to Conquer 委曲求全-a play Richard Brinsley Sheridan 谢里丹The Rivals 情敌 - comedy of mannersThe School for Scandal 造谣学校 - comedy of mannersJoseph Addison and Richard Steele旁观者报 （spectator ）-prose Style: 语言优雅 elegant、洗练 lucid、幽默 humorousSamuel Johnson 约翰逊A Di
25、ctionary of the English Language 英语词典Letter to Lord Chesterfield 给车斯特菲尔德勋爵的一封信 proseEdwin Gibbon 吉本罗马帝国兴旺史proseSamuel Richardson 理查逊Pamela 帕美勒-Epistolary novelClarissa 克拉丽莎novelHenry Fielding 菲尔丁 NovelistJoseph Andrews 约瑟夫.安德鲁斯传The Life of Mr. Jonathan Wild the Great大伟人江奈生.魏尔德传 Tome Jones 汤姆 .琼斯The
26、character of Tom Jones Amelia 阿米丽亚Smollett 斯摩莱特 -novelistRoderick Random 蓝登传Peregrine PickleHumphry Clinker亨弗利.克林可Lawrence Sterne 斯特恩-novelist The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy 商第传A Sentimental Journey 感伤旅行Sentimentalism:Thomas GrayElegy Written in a Country Churchyard（墓园挽歌poemWilliam Cowper
27、poet19 世纪Romanticism 浪漫主义Pre-Romanticist Poets：William Blake 布莱克Songs of Innocence天真之歌.Songs of Experience经验之歌Analysis: the symbols of lamb and tigerRobert BurnsPoems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect苏格兰方言诗集A Red, Red Rose: sincere love一朵红红的玫瑰Auld Lang Syne: old long since友谊地久天长John Anderson, My Jo:
28、约翰 安德生，我的爱人“Lake Poets” 湖畔诗人 escapist romanticistsWilliam Wordsworth 华兹华斯 RomanticismLyrical Ballads: 抒情歌谣集A Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦人I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud 我独自漫游像一朵浮云 My Heart Leaps Up 我的心怦然跳动His style-Samuel Taylor Coleridge 柯尔律治 RomanticismThe Rime of the Ancient Mariner 古舟子咏Christabel 克里斯特贝尔Ku
29、bla Khan 忽必烈汗Biographia Literaria, or Sketches of My Literary Life and Opinions 文学生涯: prose workStyle Robert Southey 骚塞The Inchcape Rock 印奇开普暗礁George Gordon Byron 拜伦 poet，RomanticismThe Isles of Greece哀希腊歌Childe Harolds Pilgrimage小侠哈罗德游记Don Juan: 唐璜The character of Don Juan Percy Bysshe Shelley 雪莱 p
30、oet，RomanticismQueen Mab:麦布女王The Revolt of Islam: 伊斯兰的起义Prometheus Unbound 解放了的普罗米修斯 The Masque of Anarchy 暴政的假面具Ode to the West Wind: 西风颂an expression of the poets eager aspiration for something free from the care and misery of real life. “O Wind, If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?”(冬天来了，秋天
31、还会远吗？) Analysis: the symbol of west wind; the definition of “ode”To a Skylark: 致云雀Style-John Keats 济慈 poet，RomanticismEndymion:恩底弥翁英雄双韵体的叙事诗。Isabella 伊莎贝拉The Eve of St. Agnes 圣阿格尼丝前夕 Lamia 拉弥亚Hyperion 许珀里翁Short Poems:Bright Star 明亮的星Ode on a Grecian Urn 希腊古瓮颂Ode to a Nightingale 夜莺颂Ode to Autumn 秋颂O
32、de on Melancholy 忧郁颂Victorian Age 维多利亚时期 （19 世纪中后期）Charles Lamb兰姆-essayist RomanticismEssays of Elia 伊利亚随笔初编 proseThe Last Essays of Elia伊利亚随笔续编 proseThe style-William Hazlitt 黑兹利特 RomanticismLeigh Hunt 利.亨特 RomanticismThomas De Quincey 德昆西 RomanticismThe Confession of an English Opium-Eater 一个英国吸食鸦
33、片者的自述proseOn the Knocking at the Gate in Macbeth论麦克白一剧中的敲门声proseProstitute Ann，proseThomas Carlyle 卡莱尔the History of the French Revolution 法国大革命proseRuskin 罗斯金The Love of Beauty， proseMatthew Arnold 马修.阿诺德On Translating Homer 评荷马史诗译本 proseEssays in Criticism 评论集 proseCulture and Anarchy 文化与无政府状态 pro
34、seThomas Henry Huxley 托马斯.亨利赫.胥黎Evolution and Ethics 天演论proseWalter Scott 司各特 novelist， RomanticismIvanhoe 艾凡赫 或 撒克逊劫后英雄略 Waverley 威弗利 Mary Wollstonecraft Shelly RomanticismFrankenstein弗兰肯斯坦novelRealismJane Austen 奥斯丁， novelist，RealismSense and Sensibility 理智与情感Main plotPride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见Main
35、 plot Mansfield Park 曼斯菲尔德花园Emma 爱玛Persuasion 劝告Northanger Abbey 诺桑觉寺Style-The Bront Sisters 勃朗特三姐妹 novelist，RealismCharlotteJane Eyre 简爱The character of Jane Eyre; main plot EmilyWuthering Heights 呼啸山庄 The character of Heathcliff; main plot AnneAgnes Grey艾格妮斯格雷Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell 盖斯凯尔夫人 nove
36、list， RealismMary Barton: 玛丽 巴顿Cranford: 克兰福德 North and South北与南George Eliot 乔治 .艾略特 novelist，RealismAdam Bede亚当 .比德Silas Marner织工马南The Mill on the Floss弗洛斯河上的磨坊 Romola罗慕拉Daniel Deronda丹尼尔.狄隆达Middlemarch米德尔马契Style-Charles Dickens (1812-1870) 狄更斯 novelist, RealismThe Pickwick Papers 匹克威克外传 Oliver Twi
37、st 雾都孤儿main plot Nicholas Nickleby 尼古拉斯尼克贝The Old Curiosity Shop 老古玩店Barnaby Rudge 巴纳比拉齐Martin Chuzzlewit 马丁瞿述伟A Christmas Carol 圣诞颂歌Dombey and Son 董贝父子David Copperfield 大为科波菲尔main plot Bleak House 荒凉山庄Hard Times 艰难时世Little Dorrit 小杜丽A Tale of Two Cities 双城记main plot Great Expectations 远大前程main plot
38、 Our Mutual Friends 我们共同的朋友The Mystery of Edwin Droop 埃德温朱普的秘密未完成Analysis: style; characterization; themeWilliam Makepeace Thackeray novelist， RealismVanity Fair名利场 (derived from John Bunyans Pilgrims Progress)The character of Rebecca Sharp George Meredith 梅瑞狄斯 novelist，RealismThe Egoist 利己主义者Thomas
39、 Hardy 哈代 novelist， RealismFar from the Madding Crowd 远离尘嚣The Return of the Native还乡The Mayor of Casterbridge 卡斯特桥市长main plot Tess of the DUrbervilles 苔丝main plot ; the character of Tess Jude the Obscure 无名的裘德Style and theme Alfred Tennyson 丁尼生 Poet The Lady of Shallot 夏洛特少女The Princess， 公主In Memori
40、am， 纪念Idylls of the King,国王的田园诗Style Robert Browning 勃朗宁 poetMy Last Duchess 我的前一位公爵夫人 The Ring and the Book 指环与书Men and Women 男人和女人 Dramatic Personage 剧中人物Analysis: the style of Browning (晦涩难懂，充满很难懂的意象，背景也常放在意大利；有心理洞察力 psychological insight); the definition of dramatic monologue. Elizabeth Barrett
41、Browning 伊莉莎白.勃朗宁 poet（勃朗宁夫人）The Cry of the Children孩子们的哭声Pre-Raphaelite Poets 前拉斐尔派诗人 poetDante Gabriel Rossetti 罗塞蒂The Germ 萌芽The House of Life 生命殿堂Christina Georgina Rossetti 克里斯蒂娜.罗塞蒂Goblin Market 妖魔集市Algernon Charles Swinburne 阿尔杰农.查尔斯.斯温伯恩Atlanta in Calydon亚特兰大女神之在卡力登Poems and Ballads 诗歌与民谣 Os
42、car Wilde 王尔德 “aestheticism”The Nightingale and the Rose 夜莺与玫瑰fairy taleThe Happy Prince 快乐王子 fairy taleA House of Pomegranates 石榴屋fairy taleThe Picture of Dorian Gray道连格雷的画像novel Lady Windermeres Fan温德米尔夫人的扇子comedy of mannersWoman of No Importance一个无足轻重的女人comedy of mannersAN Ideal Husband理想丈夫 comed
43、y of mannersImportance of Being Earnest 不可儿戏comedy of mannersSalom莎乐美Symbolic DramaThe Ballad of Reading Gaol里丁监狱之歌poem Analysis: style George Bernard Shaw 萧伯纳 dramatist，RealismWidowers Houses鳏夫的房产 Mrs. Warrens Profession 华伦夫人的职业 Man and Superman人与超人Major Barbara 芭芭拉少校Pygmalion 皮格玛利翁或卖花女Heartbreak H
44、ouse 伤心之家 Heartbreak House 伤心之家 Saint Joan圣女贞德StyleIrish Dramatic Movement 爱尔兰戏剧运动 (W. T. Yeats -Irish Renaissance 爱尔兰文艺复兴 RealismAbbey Theatre 阿贝剧院John Synge 辛格The Well of the Saints 圣泉The Playboy of the Western World 西方世界的花花公子Sean OCasey keisi 肖恩.奥凯西The Shadow of a Gunman 枪手的影子Juno and the Peacock
45、朱诺与孔雀The Plough and the Stars犁和星George Gissing 吉辛-NaturalismThe Private Papers of Henry Ryecroft 四季随笔ProseSir Arthur Conan Doyle 柯南道尔-Detective storySherlock Holmes 福尔摩斯Robert Louis Stevenson 斯蒂文森 RomanticismTreasure Island; 金银岛The Strange Case of Jekyll and Mr. Hyde 化身博士Rudyard Kipling 吉卜林 Romantic
46、ismIf 如果poemThe Jungle Book 丛林之书book for childrenKim基姆novelJoseph Conrad knrd 康拉德 RealismThe Nigger of the Narcissus 水仙号的黑家伙novelLord Jim 吉姆老爷novelNostromo 诺斯特罗莫novelYouth 青春novelVictory 胜利 novelHeart of Darkness黑暗的心novelThe character of Kurtz ; main plot John Galsworthy 高尔斯华绥 RealismThe Forsyte Sag
47、a 福尔赛世家 novelH. G. Wells 威尔斯 novelist，RealismTime Machine 时间机器The Invisible Man 隐形人The History of Mr. Polly波利先生传Arnold Bennett 贝内特 novelist，RealismThe Old Wives Tale 老妇谭20 世纪ModernismVirginia Woolf novelist，伍尔夫Jacobs Room 雅各布的房间 Kew Gardens 邱园记事The Mark on the Wall 墙上的斑点Mrs. Dalloway 达罗卫太太 TO the Li
48、ghthouse 到灯塔去The Waves 海浪The technique of stream of consciousness; moment of importance; style James Joyce 乔伊斯 novelist，ModernismDubliners 都柏林人A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man 一个青年艺术家的画像Ulysses 尤利西斯Finnegans Wake 芬尼根守灵夜 The technique of stream of consciousness; epiphany; style William Butler Yeats 叶芝 Poet， ModernismThe Lake Isle of Innisfr
