1、学优中考网 英语 8 上外研版全册综合：现在完成时态专练一、现在完成时的构成（一）肯定式主语助动词 have has 过去分词其它说明：这里的 have has 是助动词，没有什么具体意义。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用 has，其余人称一律用 have。 has，have 的缩略式分别为s 或ve。规则动词过去分词的构成与过去式的构成方式一样，不规则动词可参看不规则动词表。实例：1）Ive just copied all the new words 我刚抄写了所有的生词。 (表示不要再抄了)2）She has lost her books 她丢失了她的书。 （表示到目前为止还没有找到）(如果
2、用过去时：She lost her books . 则强调书是过去丢的这一动作，而不知现在有没有找到)3）Weve just cleaned the classroom 我们刚好打扫了教室。 （表明现在教室是干净的）（二）否定式主语助动词 have hasnot过去分词其它说明：现在完成时构成否定句时，只需在助动词 have has 后面加 not 就行。have not，has not 的缩略式分别为 havent ，hasnt。另外，肯定句中有 some，already 时，改为否定时要分别改成 any， yet。实例：1）I havent finished my homework yet
3、我还没有完成我的作业。2）She hasnt travelled on a train 她没有坐火车旅行过。3）We have never spoken to a foreigner我们从来没有和外国人说过话。注：有时 not 可以用 never 代替，表示 “从来没有”的意思。又如：4）I have never seen him before以前我从来没有见过他。（三）一般疑问式助动词 Have Has 主语过去分词其它 ？说明：把陈述句中的 have 或 has 放到句首，句末打问号，同时把句中的 some ，already 改为 any ，ye t 就构成了一般疑问句。肯定回答用“Yes
4、 ，主语havehas 否定回答用“No，主语havent hasnt ”有时也可以用 “No，not yetNo ，neverNo，not even once ”等。实例：1） Have you ever made dumplings ？你曾经做过饺子吗？Yes ，I have 是的，我做过。2） Has she ever been abroad ？她曾经出过国吗？No，never不，从来没有。3） Have they found the lost books yet ？他们已经找到了丢失的书吗？Yes ，they have是的，他们找到了。注意：当句中有否定词 not ，hardly（几乎
5、不） ，never 的时候，在改为反意疑问句时，附加部分用肯定形式。例如：You have never come to our school ，have you ？你以前从来没有来过我们学校，是吗？二、现在完成时的用法（一）现在完成时的用法1：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时，常与时间副词 already（已经） ，yet（还、已经） ，just(刚刚、仅仅) ，ever（曾经） ，never（从不） ，before（以前）等连用。这几个副词的用法如下：1already 意为“ 已经” ，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放在句末。实例：1）I
6、ve already read this book. 我已经读过这本书了。（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是“ 知道书中的内容 ”。 ）2）Ive washed my clothes already我已经洗了衣服。（洗衣服的动作已完成，其结果是“衣服冼干净了”。 ）注意：在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时，already 也可用于（口语）疑问句中。实例：3）Have you met him already ？你（真的）已经见过他了？2yet 用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中意为“ 还 ”，常放在句末。实例：1） Has he found his watch yet ？他已经找到
7、他的手表了吗？No，not yet不，还没有。2）The woman hasnt found her dog yet 那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。 （没找到狗，心里着急，这就是对现在的影响）3just 意为“刚刚”，表示行为刚刚过去，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例：He has just come back from school 他刚从学校回来。4ever 意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例：1）Have you ever been to Hong Kong ？你曾去过香港吗？2）I havent ever spoken to her我未曾和她说过话。5nev
8、er 意为“ 从来没有”常与 before 连用（before 要放在句尾，而 never 多放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例：I have never travelled by plane before我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。6before 意为“ 以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。实例：1）Have you been to Hainan before ？你以前去过海南吗？2）I havent eaten Guangdong food before我以前没吃过广东菜。（二）现在完成时用法二2 持续性用法（肯定句，疑问句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词）：表示过去已经开
9、始，持续到现在的动作或状态。此时常与“for 一段时间 或“since过去的点时间或从句（从句用一般过去时）以及 so far（到目前为止）等时间状语连用。for + 段时间since +点时间实例：1）Ive lived here since 1990自从1990年以来我就住在这里。= Ive lived here since 13 years ago.= Ive lived here for 13 years.学优中考网 = It is 13 years since I began to live here.2）I havent seen him for three years 我三年没有
10、看见他了。= I havent seen him since three years ago= I havent seen him since 2000.= It is 3 years since I saw him last time.3）Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city 自从到这个城市以来，王先生一直在这家工厂工作。4）Shes been at this school since five years ago自从五年前以来她就在这个学校。注意： 在这类句子的肯定句和疑问句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词。短暂性
11、动词由于动作不能持续，故不能与 for(达到；累计)或 since（自从。 。 。到现在）引出的时间状语连用。对 for 和 since 引导的时间状语提问要用 How long1） 他入团两年了。误：He has joined the League for two years正：He has been a League member for two years2）我买这辆自行车三年了。误：I have bought this bike for three years正：I have had this bike for three years2） 部分短暂性动词与之对应的延续性动词：短暂性动词
12、 延续性动词die be deadborrow keepbuy/catch haveget up be upcome be infinish be overleaver be awayopen be openclose be closedbegin be onbecome interested in be interested in有人可能会问：一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的动作都发生在过去，那么这两种时态有什么区别呢？答： 一般过去时与具体的表示过去时间状语如：yesterday 连用；强调动作在过去发生，与现在无关。现在完成时与自已的特征词连用，强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或过去开始发生
13、一直持续到现在的动作。例： He saw the film last night. (过去时，表示他昨晚看过那部电影了，现在不知还要不要再看一次)He has (ever) seen the film before.（现在完成时，表时他已看过那部电影，现在不想再看了）一、 单项选择。1、 Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him .A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?A. alrea
14、dy B.never C.ever D.still3、Have you met Mr Li _？ A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year .A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written5、Our country _ a lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even _ .A.has changed ; well B.changed ; goodC.has c
15、hanged ; better D.changed ; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years .A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . A.will see
16、B.have seen C.saw D.see9、These farmers have been to the United States .Really ? When _ there ?A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ?Yes . I _ it a moment ago .A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finishedC.Have ; done ; have finished D.will ; d
17、o ; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 .A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago .A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made学优中考网 13、 How long have you _ here ?About two months . A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived
18、14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes .A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army .A. is B. has C. will D. was16、 Miss Green isnt in the office .she_ to the library .A.has gone B. went C.will go D. has been17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years .A. h
19、ave been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, _?A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19、 _ has Mr White been a member of Greener China sincehe_to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 H
20、is uncle _ for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university二，A）用 since 和 for 填空1) _ two years 2) _ two years ago3) _ last month 4) _ 19995) _ yesterday 6) _ 4 oclock7) _ 4 hours 8) _ an hour ago 9)_we were children 10) _ lunch time11) _ she
21、left hereB）用 since 和 for 填空1. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.2. Ive known him _ we were children.3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.4. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.5. Its about ten years _ she left the city.三，用 have/has been to/in, have gone to 的各种
22、形式填空。1) Where is Jack? He _ his country.2) John _ England since he came back.3) How long _ have _ this village?4) The Smiths _ Beijing for years.5) _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times.6) I _ this school since three years ago.四、A）按要求把短暂性转换为延续性动词arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/
23、move to sw. be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _.2) I moved to the USA last year.I _ _ _ the USA since _ _.3) I went home yesterday.I _ _ _ home for _ _.4) They came here last week.They _ _ here since _ _.come/go back,
24、 return be back come/go out be out1) He came out two years ago.He _ _ _ for _ _.2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _.become be1) I became a teacher in 2000.I _ _ a teacher for _ _.2) The river became dirty last year.The river _ _ dirty for _ _.close be closed open be open1) Th
25、e shop closed two hours ago.The shop _ _ _ for _ _.2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours.get up be up die be deadleave sw. be away from sw.fall asleep/get tot sleep be asleepfinish/end be over marry be married1) I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.2) He left Fuzh
26、ou just now.He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4) The meeting finished at six.学优中考网 The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.6) They married in 1990.They _ _ _since _.start/begin to do sth. do sth. begin be o
27、n1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.I _ _ at this school since _.2) The film began two minutes ago.The film _ _ _ for _ _.borrow keep lose not have buy have put on wear catch/get a cold have a cold get to know know1) They borrowed it last week.They _ _ it since _ _.2) I bought a pen two hour
28、s ago.I _ _ a pen for _ _.3) I got to know him last year.I _ _ him since _ _.4) I put on my glasses three years ago.I _ _ my glasses for _ _.have/has gone to have been in1) He has gone to Beijing.He _ _ _ Beijing for two days.join the league/the Party/the army be a league/a Party member/a soldier be
29、 a member of the league/the Party be in the league/the Party/the army1) He joined the league in 2002.He _ _ a _ _ for two years.He _ _ a _ _ the _ for two years.He _ _ _ the league for two years.2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _ _ a _ for _ _.My brother _ _ in _ _ for two year
30、s.五、 句型转换。1、 He has never surfed, _ ?（改成反意疑问句） 2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问 )_have they been here?3、The old man _ last year. He_ for a year. (die) （动词填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换 )This factory _ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）Her mother _ the Party three years _ .7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)_ two years _ the Green family moved to France.8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)
