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人教新目标版八年级英语上册Unit 6讲与练.doc

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1、Unit 10 Im going to study computer science.Section A知能新视窗本节主要学习 be going to 表示将来时的用法,掌握 What are you going to be when you grow up?和 How are you going to do that?等句型,谈论个人理想并应该如何作准备。名师开小灶1. What are you going to be when you grow up? 你长大后想干什么?(1) 这是一个询问别人的理想的常用句式。be going to 表示将要发生的动作,含有“计划,打算”的意思,后跟动词

2、原形,是将来时态的一种表达方式。其中 be 随着主语的人称和数的改变而改变,而 going to 没有变化。其用法如下: 表示说话人的意思,指打算、准备做的事情,这种打算通常经过预先考虑并含有已做好某些准备的意思,所表达的行动通常被认为很可能会诸实施。常与 tonight, this Sunday, tomorrow, next week, in a month 等表示将来的时间状语或 when 等引导的时间状语从句连用。如:Im going to see a movie with my friend tonight. 我打算今晚和朋友一起去看电影。They are going to have

3、 a picnic this Sunday. 他们打算本周日野炊。He is going to be a doctor when he grows up. 表示说话人的预测,通常指有迹象某件事情将要发生,是说话人确信其然的感觉,是指即将发生或肯定要发生的事情。在 be sure, be afraid, believe, think 之后都可以这样使用。如:Look at the clouds in the sky. Its going to rain soon. 看天空中的云,马上就会下雨。Im sure that shes going to be the first in the runni

4、ng. 我确信她将在跑步中取得第一。 由“be going to+动词原形 ”构成的表示将来时的句子,变否定句时在 be 动词后加 not,变疑问句时将 be 动词提到句首。如:We arent going to visit the museum tomorrow. 明天我们将不参观博物馆。Are you going to have a test this Friday? 本周五你们进行考试吗?【金钥匙】 在 be going to 这一结构中,going 并不表示“去”,但是如果后面不定式动词是 to go,则通常省去 to go,以避免重复,这时 be going 除了表示将来,还保留了“

5、去”的意思。如:Im going hiking next Sunday. 下周我要去徒步旅行。 一些表示位移的动词如 go, come, leave, move, arrive, return 等可用进行时态表示将来要发生的动作。如:They are leaving tomorrow morning. 他们明天早上动身。(2) 这里的 be 表示“变成,成为,从事(某种行业的人)”。如:He hopes to be a teacher. 他希望当一名老师。【金钥匙】在表示将来意思的句子中 be 是不能用 become 替换。(3) when 作连词,意为“当时候”,用于引导时间状语从句。如:W

6、hen I was young, I started learning English. 当我小时,我就开始学英语。He was cleaning the room when I went to see him. 当我去看他时,他在打扫房间。【辨析】when, as, while这三个词作为连词,引导时间状语从句,但意思有所不同。 when 当(或在)时,引导的从句可用瞬间动词,也可用延续性动词(后者相当于 while),与主句所表述的动作可有先有后,也可同时。如:He went home when he had finished his homework. 他做完作业后回家去了。He was

7、 listening to music when while he was doing his homework. 在他做作业时,他听音乐。 正当(或正在)时,用于同时进行的两延续性动词相伴随而发生,两类动作相对比的主从句中。如:Some students were reading while others were singing. 有此学生在读书,而有些学生在唱歌。 当时,强调同时,不指先后,而指并相发生,尤指短暂性动作或事件同时发生。也指说明两种正在发展或变化的情况。如:She came along as she sang. 她边唱歌边走了过来。Its getting colder an

8、d colder as the winter comes. 随着冬天的到来,天气越来越冷了。(4) grow up 意为“成年,长大”,指已经长成;grow 意为“生长”,强调的是长的动作和长势。如:He wants to be an actor when he grows up. 他长大了想当一名演员。2. How are you going to do that? 你打算怎么去做?这是用来询问对方如何实现自己的理想的句子。how 作疑问副词,意为“如何,怎样”,是用来提问方式、方法或程度的。如:How do you go to school? 你是如何去学校的?How is your fa

9、ther? 你父亲身体好吗?【拓展】常见与 how 搭配的短语: how many, how much 意为“多少”。其中 how many 用于可数名词前,后接可数名词的复数;how much 用于不可数名词前。如:How many eggs do you need? 你要多少鸡蛋?How much milk would you like to drink? 你想喝多少牛奶? how long 强调时间的延续,可用来对句中的 for, until, fromto或表示长度的提问。如:How long will you stay there? 你想呆在那里多长时间?How long is th

10、e room? 这间房间有多长? how often 强调频率,指“多长时间一次”,用来提问 every day, once a week, three times a month 等。如:How often do you watch TV. 你多久看一产供销电视? how soon 意为“多久”,问的是将来什么时候,所指时间不长,用来 in a week, soon, at once, before long 等时间状语。如:How soon will your mother come back? 你妈妈多久回来?In two days. 两周后。 how far 意为“多远”,用来提问距离

11、。如:How far is from your home? 你的家有多远?(2) that 是代词,在本句中指代替上方中提出的某种理想。3. Im going to practice basketball every day. 我要每天练习打篮球。(1) practice 作动词,表示“(不间断地)练习”,后可跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。如:I practice playing the piano at home after school. 放学后我在家里练习弹钢琴。We often practice spoken English at the English corner. 我们经常在英语角

12、练习口语。(2) every day 意为“每天”,表示频率,在句中多作状语。如:I get up at 5:00 in the morning every day. 我每天早上五点半起床。What do you usually do after school every day? 每天放学后你做什么?【链接】every day 与 always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, seldom, never, once a day, twice a week 等频度副词一样,表示动作的频率。在对这些词提问时要用 how often。every d

13、ay 常位于句子末尾,有时也可放在句首,而其他词常放在系动词 be、情态动词、助动词之后,在行为动词之前。如:They sometimes go swimming in the river. 他们有时在河里游泳。He is hardly ever late for school. 我上学几乎没迟到过。4. When I grow up, Im going to do what I want to do. 当我长大了,我要做我想做的事情。what I want to do 在句中作动词 do 的宾语。由于宾语是一个句子,我们称之为宾语从句。宾语从句可用于动词、介词、分词的后面。引导宾语从句的词叫

14、连接词,大体可分为三类:(1) that 引导的宾语从句。that 作连接词引导宾语从句时,只起连接作用,本身无任何含义,往往可以省略。如:I know that we will have a test tomorrow. 我知道明天我们要考试。He told me that he had cleaned the classroom. 他告诉我他已经把教室打扫了。(2) whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句。Whether 或 if 表示“是否”的意思,所引导的宾语从句含有疑问意味。如:Im not sure whether / he will come. 我不确信他是否会来。Please

15、 tell me whether he is right or not. 请告诉我他是对还是错。(3) 连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。连接代词有 who, which, what, whom, whose 和连接副词 when, where, how, why 等都可以引导宾语从句,它们引导宾语从句时,本身有含义(即本身的词义),并且要充当从句中的某一句子成分。如:Can you tell me when well have the test? 你能告诉我我们什么时候考试吗?I wonder why he didnt come to school. 我想知道他为何没来上学。【金钥匙】宾语从

16、句的语序必须用陈述句。5. Im going to move somewhere interesting. 我要去一些有趣的地方。(1) move 意为“移动,感动,鼓动,离开,运行,迁移,搬家”,move 表示移动某物的位置或改变人的姿势,既可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词,后面常接 to 表示“移到某地去”。如:His family moved to Hong Kong last week. 上周他全家迁居到香港了。(2) somewhere 作副词,表示“在某处”。它是由 some 和 where 构成的,与复合不定代词一样,形容词或不定式用来修饰时,须置于其后。如:I hope to g

17、o somewhere peaceful. 我想去宁静的地方。Did you find somewhere to park our bikes? 你找到了停放自行车的地方吗?【拓展】 像 somewhere, something, somebody, someone 等由 some 构成的合成词,一般用于肯定句,当被形容词修饰时,形容词应置于这些词之后。如:I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事情告诉你们。 由 any 构成的合成词,如 anywhere, anything, anyone, anybody 等,一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件

18、句中。如:He didnt do anything yesterday. 昨天他没事做。If you decide on anywhere to go, please call me. 如果你决定去某处,请你给我打一个电话。Does anyone else know the answer to the question? 还有人知道这个问题的答案吗?6. Paris sounds like a city that I could enjoy. 巴黎听起来就像我会喜欢的城市。(1) sound like 意为“听起来像”,like 为介词,所以 sound like 之后可跟名词、名词作宾语。如

19、:That sounds like a good idea. 那听起来是一个好主意。She sounds like your teacher. 她听上去像你的老师。【拓展】sound, sound like sound 为系动词,其后须跟形容词,意为“听起来”。如:The news sounds interesting. 这消息听起来有意思。 与 sound 类似的系动词还有:look (看起来),become (变得),feel (摸起来),smell (闻起来),taste (尝起来)等。(2) that I could enjoy 是一个定语从句,修饰名词 city,其中 that 是引

20、导词,作了动词 enjoy 的宾语,可以省略。Could 在此是过去式形式,表示的语气没有 can 那么肯定,也许不能实现。如:She sent me a present that she bought yesterday. 她送给我一件她昨天买的礼物。I wish I could fly to the moon. 我希望能飞到月球上去。(3) enjoy 作动词,意为“喜爱,欣赏,享受”,后接名词、代词或动名词。如:Did you enjoy yourselves at the party? 你们在晚会上玩得痛快吗?She enjoys writing diaries in English.

21、 她喜爱用英语写日记。When we stand on the top of the mountain, we can see the sunrise. 当我们站在这座山顶上,可能看到日出。7. And Im going to study French at the same time.at the same time 意为“同时”,在句中作时间状语。如:Mrs. Lee is our good teacher, and she is our good friend at the same time. 李老师是我们的好老师,同时也是我们的好朋友。【辨析】all the time, at tim

22、es, all the same all the time 意为“一直,总是”,与 always 同义,但常位于句尾。如:My grandparents live in the countryside all the time. 我的祖父母一直住在乡下。 at times 意为“有时”,与 sometimes 同义。如:I go fishing with my father at times. 有时我和父亲一起去钓鱼。 all the same 意为“同样地,仍然”。如:He gives me a lot of trouble, but I like him all the same. 他给我

23、带来许多麻烦,但我仍然喜欢他。8. Next, Im going to hold art exhibitions because I want to be rich and famous. 然后,我要办艺术展,因为我想名利双收。(1) hold art exhibitions 意为“举办艺术展”,hold 是“举办”的意思,与 have 意思相同。如:We are going to hold a class meeting this afternoon. 今天下午我们要开班会。(2) because 作连词,意为“因为”,表示“原因”。如:I want to be a teacher beca

24、use I like children. 我想当一名老师,因为我喜欢孩子。The football match was put off because it rained hard. 由于雨焉得大,那场足球赛推迟了。【辨析】because, since, as, for这四个词都可以用来为一个动作或情况提供原因。语气由强至弱依次为 because, since, as, for。其中 because, since, as 是从属连词,引导原因状语从句;for 是并列连词,引导并列句。 because 表示直接原因,这个原因受到特别的强调,一般位于主句之后。还可回答why 的提问。如:Why d

25、o you learn English? 你为什么学英语?Because its necessary for us to find a good job in the future. 因为这是我们未来找一份好工作必需的。 since 意为“因为,既然”。侧重主句,常位于句首。从句表示推断的理由或原因已为人们所知。如:Since you cant answer the question, Ill ask someone else. 既然你答不出这个问题,我就问其他人。 as 意为“由于,鉴于”。主从并重。从句说明原因,主句说明结果。如:As I knew he was ill, I didnt

26、call. 我知道他病了,没给他打电话。 for 意为“因为,由于”。引导的并列句所说的理由是一种补充说明,分句前常有逗号。for 引导的分句不可放在句首。如:I decided to stop and have lunch, for I was feeling quite hungry. 我决定停下来吃午饭因为我感到饿了。9. Im going to buy a big house with the money. 我要用这笔钱买一所大房子。with 作介词,在此句中意为“用”。它还有许多意思,如“被,和,同,有”等。表示做事的方式或手段等。如:Im going skating with my

27、 friends this Sunday. 这个星期天我和朋友一起去溜冰。Whos the young man with books in his hands. 手里拿着书的那个年轻人是谁?10. Im going to write articles and send them to magazines and newspapers. 我要写一些文章,把它们投到杂志和报纸上。(1) send 作动词,意为“派,送”。sendto意为“把送到”。如:You can send the letters to your uncle. 你可以把信送到叔叔那儿。My mother sent me a wa

28、tch on my birthday. 我妈妈在我的生日那天送给我一块手表。【拓展】与 send 有关的短语:send away 赶走,开除,解雇 send for派人去请/叫send off 寄出(信等),发出(消息)(2) newspaper 意为“报纸”,是可数名词。而 paper 意为“纸”是不可数名词,如果说“一张纸”就用“a piece of paper”表示。11. Im not sure yet. Maybe Beijing or Shanghai. 我现在还不能确定。也许去北京,也许去上海。(1) yet 作副词,意为“到此时,至今”,常用于否定句、肯定意思的疑问句或用于上下

29、文含有疑问的句子。如:She has not got up yet. 她还没起床。Is the film on yet? 电影还在演吗?I wonder whether she has finished the work yet. 我不知道她是否已完成了工作。(2) maybe 作副词,意为“大概,也许”,常位于句首,与 perhaps 同义。如:Maybe were going to the mountain. 也许我们去山里。【辨析】maybe, may be maybe 是副词,位于句首,作状语。如:Maybe he is right, but Im not sure. 也许是他对,但我

30、没把握。 may be 是情态动词+系动词,用在句中作谓语,意思是“可能是”。如:He may be right, but Im not sure. 他可能是对的,但我没把握。实战演练场夯实基础一、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词。1. Jackson is going to be an _ (工程师), so he is studying math really hard.2. There are many _ (职业的) basketball players in NBA.3. My _ (梦想) is to become a pilot.4. I found my lost bike

31、_ (在某处) yesterday.5. Our city is going to hold a flower _ (展览).6. Richard is going to be an a_, so he is going to take acting lessons.7. Bill Gates is a r_ man. He has lots of money.8. John is a college student, but he has a p_ job in a shop.9. The old man stayed at home to look after his grandsons

32、after he r_.10. He wants to s_ money to buy a nice gift for his friend.二、用适当的介、副词填空。1. I want to be a basketball player when I grow _.2. Daves family moved _ England last year.3. Paris sounds _ a city I could enjoy.4. He wants to be a reporter _ a fashion magazine.5. Im going to be a student _ an ar

33、t school.6. Dick bought a house _ the money he saved.7. We sent the books _ the poor children in a village.8. There are lots _ magazines and newspapers here.9. Shes going to write an article _ the life of our school.10. Yao Ming is a famous basketball player who comes _ Shanghai.三、句型转换。1. Hes going

34、to tell me about it. (改为一般疑问句)_ _ _ to tell you about it?2. They are going to visit the museum tomorrow. (改为否定句)They _ _ to visit the museum tomorrow.3. Shes going to have a piano lesson this evening. (就划线部分提问)_ _ she _ _ _ this evening?4. Im going to see my uncle this weekend. (就划线部分提问)_ _ you _ to

35、 see your uncle?5. My sister is going to be a doctor when she is older. (改为同义句)My sister is going to be a doctor when she _ _.四、根据汉语意思完成句子。1. 他们那里有很多时装表演。They have _ _ _ _ there.2. 长大了,我要做我所想做的事。When I _ _, Im going to do _ _ want to do.3. 最后,他打算退休去安静漂亮的地方。_, hes going to _ _ quiet and beautiful.4.

36、她打算在巴黎同时学习法语。Shes going to study French _ _ _ _.5. 我想周游世界。Im going to _ _ _ _ _.能力提高五、补全对话。根据对话内容,在空白处填入合适的单词、短语或句子。Tina: Do you like watching TV, Tara?Tara: Yes, I do. I always love it.Tina: What are you going to be when you 1._? Are you going to be an actress?Tara: I dont think so. I think Im goin

37、g to be 2._. I like to report things on TV.Tina: How are you going to do that?Tara: 3._ after high school.Tina: Are you going to _ after college?Tara: No, I dont like America. Im going to move to Tokyo.Tina: Wow, that sounds interesting. 5._!Tara: Thank you.Section B知能新视窗本节通过学习 be going to 的用法来讨论和谈论

38、新年的决心,并学会做新年决心的调查报告。名师开小灶1. Next year, Im going to learn to play an instrument. 明年我将要学习演奏一种乐器。play 作动词,表示“玩,打(球),演奏(乐器),做(游戏)”。常有下列搭配:(1) “play+球类名词”表示进行某种球类运动。如:The children are playing soccer on the playground. 孩子们正在早操场上踢足球。(2) “play + the + 乐器名词”表示弹奏某种乐器。如:Does she like to play the guitar? 她喜欢弹吉它

39、吗?(3) “play sb. ”表示“与某人竞赛,与某人比赛”。如:The girls always play each other in study. 那些女孩总是相互竞赛着学习。(4) “play with”表示“玩弄;和某人一起玩”。如:The cat is playing with a ball. 那只猫正在玩一只球。【金钥匙】play 在搭配时,乐器名词前用 the,球类或活动类名词前不能用 the。2. I want to get a lot of exercise. 我想多锻炼。(1) exercise 用作名词,表示“锻炼,运动”,通常是不可数名词。如:Youd better

40、 take more exercise to keep healthy. 你最好多锻炼来保持健康。【拓展】 exercise 也可用用可数名词,表示各种技巧的“训练,操练,练习”等。如:We often do many exercises every day. 我们每天做很多练习。I hardly ever do morning exercises. 我几乎不做早操。 exercise 也可作动词,表示“锻炼身体”。如:How many hours do you exercise a week? 你每周锻炼身体几个小时?(2) a lot of 意为“许多,大量”,相当于 lots of,用于

41、表示数量。它既可修饰可数名词的复数,也可修饰不可数名词,一般用于肯定句。如:There is a lot of milk at home. 家里有很多牛奶。There are a lot of eggs in the basket. 篮子里有很多鸡蛋。【金钥匙】在否定句中一般是不用 a lot of,而要用 many 或 much。many 修饰可数名词的复数,much 修饰不可数名词。如:I have many interesting books. 我有许多有趣的书。He doesnt have much money. 他没有很多钱。3. We got over 1,000 letters,

42、 faxes and e-mails from our readers about their New Years resolutions. 我们收到 1000 多封有关我们的读者新年决心的信件。(1) 此处的 over 作介词,意为“多于,超过”,相当于 more than。如:Over fifty people were at the party. 有五十多人参加了聚会。His father is over forty years. 他的父亲四十多岁了。This dictionary cost me over sixty yuan. 这本词典花了我 60 多元。(2) get a lett

43、er from sb. 意为“收到某人的来信”,相当于 hear from sb. 或receive a letter from sb. 如:I got a letter from my pen pal in Canada yesterday.= I heard from my pen pal in Canada yesterday.昨天我收到了加拿大笔友的来信。(3) about 在此处作介词,意为“关于,涉及”。如:Please tell me about that. 请告诉我那件事。【辨析】about, on二者都可以意为“关于,涉及”,有时可互换,但 on 多暗示内容属于专业性,而ab

44、out 则多用在内容或观点比较一般性的怀形。如:Mr. Wang gave us a lecture on science. 李老师给我们作了一场有关自然科学的演讲。They are having a talk about the football match. 他们正在谈论那场足球赛。【金钥匙】有些动词、名词既可与 on 连用,也可与 about 连用,而有些则只能与about 连用。这种词常见的有: 与 on 和 about 都能连用的有:argue 议论,争论,争吵 lecture 讲课 speak 谈论write 写 a book 书 a discussion 讨论 只能与 about

45、 连用的有:read 读 teach 教 complain 抱怨 learn 学习 a story 故事 只能与 on 连用的有:report 报告4. Some girls said they are going to exe4rcise more to keep fit. 一些女孩说她们将多锻炼来保持健康。(1) exercise 作动词用,表示“锻炼身体”;more 是 much 的比较级,表示“更多,较多”。(2) 动词 keep 的用法:keep 作及物动词,意思是“保持,保留,保存,保守”。如:Can you keep the secret? 你能保守秘密吗?keep 常用于复合结

46、构中,即 keep+宾语+宾语补足语(由 V-ing, 形容词,副词,介词短语等充当)。如:Im sorry that I have kept you waiting for long time. 对不起,让你久等了。Dont keep the door open. 别让门开着。His father kept him away from school. 他的父亲让他离开了学校。My mother keeps me at home on Saturday evening. 妈妈在星期六让我呆在家里。keep 用不及物动词,意为“保持,继续(处于某种状态)”,其后通常接表语,表语由形容词或短语充当

47、。如:We should keep healthy. 我们应该保持健康。【金钥匙】 keep fit 相当于 keep healthy, 也可用 keep in good health。 keep 是延续性动词,可以与一段时间连用。如:表示“书要借多久”,常用 keep而不用 borrow。5. Some parents are going to study the subjects their children learn at school. 一些父母打算学习他们的孩子在校学习的课程。句中 their children learn at school 是定语从句,修饰 the subjects。引导定语从句的连接词 that 省略了。6. They want to communicate better with their kids. 他们想和孩子们更好地沟通。(1) communicate 为动词,意为“交流,沟通,联系”。常用于词组 communicate with sb. 表示“与某人联系/沟通”。如:How do you usually communicate with your uncle? 你通常如何跟你的叔叔联系?(2) better 在该句中是副词 well 的比较级。7. An old lady found a job as a fore

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