1、单元语法聚焦(十四),一、宾语从句 (一)宾语从句的引导词 宾语从句根据引导词的不同可以分为三种类型： 1当宾语从句是陈述句时，引导词用that。that本身没有任何意义，只起连接作用，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。eg： He said that Jim would work hard.他说吉姆将努力学习。 2当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，引导词用if或whether。if与whether都有“是否”之意，在句子中不作任何成分，但是不能省略。eg： He asked me if/whether I worked in the company.他问我是否在那个公司工作。,3当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，
2、引导词用原句中的特殊疑问词。此时引导词都有本身的意义，并且在句中作一定的成分，因此不能省略。eg： He asked me when I was leaving for Beijing.他问我什么时候动身去北京。,(二)宾语从句的语序 1当宾语从句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，那么宾语从句的时态应根据实际情况选择。eg： I hear that they went to the beach yesterday.我听说他们昨天去了沙滩。 2如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，那么宾语从句也要用过去的某种时态与之对应。eg： He said that he was watching TV when his
3、father came back home.他说当他爸爸回家的时候，他正在看电视。,二、定语从句 (一)关系代词和关系副词的用法 1关系代词that既可指物也可指人，关系代词which只用来指物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that和which在从句中作宾语时常可省略；如果which在从句中作“不及物动词介词”结构中介词的宾语时，介词不能省略，而且介词习惯上位于关系代词which之前，但有时也可位于它原来的位置上。eg： This is the new bike (that/which)I bought last week.这是上周我买的新自行车。,2关系代词who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人
4、，分别作从句中的主语和宾语；whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语。eg： This is the girl who won the first prize in the English competition.这是在英语竞赛中获得第一名的女孩。 3关系代词whose用来指人或物(只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换)。eg： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.他们冲过去帮助小车抛锚的这个男人。,(二)定语从句中引导词只用that的情况 1先行词中既有指人的名词也有指物的名词
5、时。eg：I love the schools and teachers that gave us happiness.我喜欢给我快乐的学校和老师。 2先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。eg： This is the best movie that I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的电影。 3先行词是数词或被数词修饰时。eg： I think the first unit that we are learning is very difficult.我认为我们正在学的第一单元是很难的。,4当先行词是something，anything，nothing，everything，
6、none，little，few，much，all，no，many等不定代词时。eg： Is there anything that I can do for you？有什么我能为你做的事情吗？ 5先行词前面有only，all，any，no，last，just，very等词修饰时。eg： Have you seen all the movies that are directed by Zhang Yimou？你看过张艺谋导演的所有电影吗？ 6主句是who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。eg： Who is the girl that is singing in the next room？正在
7、隔壁房间里唱歌的女孩是谁？,7先行词被the only，the very或the same修饰时。eg：He is the very person that Im looking for.他是我正在寻找的那个人。 8先行词是one，way，time，day或night时。eg： This is the one that I like best.这是我最喜欢的一个。,三、表推测的情态动词 1must表示对现在的状态或现在正在发生的事情的肯定推测，后面通常接系动词be的原形。eg： You have studied for five hours.You must be tired.你已经学习了五个
8、小时了，一定累了。 2“may/might/could动词原形”多用于肯定句，其“推测，判断”的语气不确定。may意为“也许，可能”；might不表示过去时态，只表示语气较may更弱，意为“或许，大概”。eg： I dont know where she is.She may be in New York.我不知道她在哪儿，她可能在纽约。,It could be Meis hair band.它可能是梅的发带。 3“can/could not动词原形”用于否定句或疑问句中，表示否定推测或判断，有“不可能”之意。用cant还是用couldnt不存在时态差异，只是cant的语气较couldnt强。
9、eg： There is no light in the room.She cant be at home now.房间里没有灯光。她现在不可能在家里。 四、used to “闯三关”,(一)用法关 used to后接动词原形，表示过去经常性或持续性的动作或状态，意为“过去常常”。eg： I used to get up very early.我过去常常很早起床。 When I was young，it used to be very cold in winter.我小的时候，冬天经常很冷。 (二)句式关 used to的否定式常用didnt use to，疑问式常用“Diduse to？”e
10、g： I didnt use to read novels.我过去不经常读小说。 Did he use to smoke？他过去常吸烟吗？,(三)辨异关 be used to后面接名词或动词ing形式时，表示“习惯于做某事”，其中to为介词；be used to后面接动词原形时，表示“被用来做”。其中to是不定式符号。eg： Im used to walking to school now.我现在习惯步行去学校。 The computer is used to store information.这台电脑被用来储存信息。,一、单项选择。 ( )1.Is that man Mr.Zhang? I
11、t_be him.He went to Beijing for a meeting yesterday.(2016成都)Acant Bmustnt Cneednt ( )2.This is one of the most interesting cities_I have ever visited.(2016兰州) Awho Bthat Cwhich Dwhere,A,B,( )3.I dont like the people_dont help others when they are in trouble.(2016南宁) Awho Bwhich Cwhose Dwhat( )4.Look
12、 at the stone bridge！Do you know_it was built? In the 1860s.Its quite old.(2016安徽) Awhen Bhow Cwhere Dwhy,A,A,( )5.What did Max just say to you? He asked me_(2016连云港) Aif I would like to go skating Bwhen did I buy this CD Cwhere I will spend the weekend. Dthat I had a good time,A,( )6.I used to_news
13、papers and watch TV after dinner.But now Im used to_a walk. (2016乌鲁木齐) Aread；take Bread；taking Creading；taking Dreading；take ( )7._Simon has done well in his studies，he still works really hard.(2016沈阳) AAlthough BBecause CUnless DWhen,B,A,( )8.Our world will get better and better_each of us lives a
14、greener life.(2016安徽) Abefore Bif Cthough Duntil( )9.Ill go to visit my aunt in England_the summer holiday starts.(2016呼和洁特) Awhile Bsince Cuntil Das soon as,B,D,( )10.The earth is the planet_provides us with everything we need，fresh air，clean water and so on.Its our duty to protect it.(2016山西) Awho
15、 Bthat Cwhere,B,二、根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空词数不限。 11她在中国所见到的情景使她感到吃惊。 She was surprised at in China.12你能告诉我他住在哪条大街吗？ Can you tell me in?,what she saw,which street he lives,13护士就是照顾病人的人。 A nurse is a person 14这是我读过的最好的书。 This is the best book . 15西红柿是一种对健康很有益的蔬菜。 The tomato is a vegetable 16我们十年前住的房子已经被拆除了。 The
16、 house has been pulled down.,who/that looks after/takes care of sick people,(that) Ive ever read,that/which is very good for health,where/in which we lived ten years ago,17我们的老师现在肯定正在办公室里工作。 Our teacher in the office now. 18这个年轻的女孩不可能是你的老师。 The young girl your teacher. 19这种小刀是用来切东西的。 This kind of kn
17、ife things. 20当我年轻的时候，我常常打篮球。 I basketball when I was young.,must be working,cant be,is used to cut/is used for cutting,used to play,三、按要求改写句子，每空一词。 21Could you please tell me what to do next？(改为含有宾语从句的复合句) Could you please tell me next? 22I find it hard to get along well with all my classmates.(改为含
18、有宾语从句的复合句) I find to get along well with all my classmates. 23Look at the boy and his dog.They are running over there.(改为含有定语从句的复合句) Look at the boy and his dog running over there.,what I should do,that it is hard,that are,24The boy is from Japan.The boys parents like Chinese culture.(改为含有定语从句的复合句) The boy parents like Chinese culture from Japan.25The classroom is very beautiful.The students study in the classroom.(改为含有定语从句的复合句) The classroom in the students study is very beautiful.,whose,is,which,
