1、专题十三 主谓一致与 there be 句型,中考五年命题规律及趋势考查点 年份 题号 考查角度 分值there be句型与主谓一致2015 31 there be 句型主谓一致和 时态 1 分2013 40 there be 句型(there is something wrong with)1 分2011 107 there be 句型的主谓一致和时态( 看图写句子) 1 分分析近 5 年贵阳中考真题可以看出,there be 句型与主谓一致为贵阳中考单项选择题的常考点,而且常与时态同时考查。语句设置多为单句,词数为 814。如:2015 年 31 题考查 there be 句型的过去时;偶
2、尔也会考查固定句型,如:2013 年 40 题考查“There is something wrong with”的用法。预计 2016 年贵阳中考单项选择题会涉及一道题考查 there be 句型或主谓一致。,贵阳中考重难点突破【考点抢测】1on,books,the,there,desk,some,are_.2a,there,here,near,is,bookstore_?( )3.Both Li Lei and Han Meimei _ fond of the TV program A Bite of China.Ais Bam C are( )4.Some funny cartoon pi
3、ctures _ on the wall of my bedroom.Ais Bare Cam( )5.Not only my father but also my grandpa _ flying to Singapore this weekend.Ais Bare Cwas( )6.There _ some flowers on the teachers desk just now,but now there is nothing on it.Ahave Bwas Cwere( )7.There _ a basketball match between Class Three and ou
4、r class in ten minutes.Ais going to be B is going to haveCwill have( )8.David,there _ a dictionary and some books on your desk.Please put them away.Ais Bare Chave【满分点拨】一、语法一致原则使用情况 例句“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语) 、动名词( 短语) 、从句”等用作主语,谓语动词用单数形式The girl is fond of singing.To protect the environment is our
5、 duty.Reading in the sun is bad for our eyes.表示复数的名词、代词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式The students are having their math class.They have been to Qingdao twice.and 连接主语时,如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物,谓语动词用复数形式;如果该并列主语 指的是“同一个人或事物”(即 and 后面的名词前面没有冠词) ,则谓语动词要用单数形式Eating vegetables and doing exercise are good for our health.The
6、 writer and teacher is coming.The writer and the teacher are coming.bothand连接主语,谓语动词用复数形式 Both Peter and Mike come from England.有些只有复数形式的名词(如glasses,shorts,trousers ,jeans,shoes,clothes,gloves 等)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式Jacks glasses are broken.Lindas shoes are black and blue.“a number of复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;“th
7、e number of复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式A number of trees have been planted.The number of the men teachers in our school is more than 120.不定代词 another,each one, either,neither ,the other,somebody,someone,something,nobody,every body,everyone,everything ,nothing,anybody,any thing,anyone,no one 等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式Is
8、everyone here?Something is wrong with my computer.I called you last night,but nobody was in.主语后面跟 with,along with,like,except,besides,as well as,together with,including,no less than,rather than ,as much as 等词或短语时,谓语动词的数与主语保持一致Mei Mei,with her parents, often goes to the park on Sunday.A teacher,toget
9、her with some students ,is standing at the gate.主语前面有表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind(sort/type/form/pair/cup/glass/piece/load/block/box/handful/quantity/ton/meter/)of”等This kind of car is made in China.Large quantities of water are needed.时,表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语的单复数形式“分数或百分数名词”作主语或 “a lot of/lots of,plenty of
10、,most of名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词。若名词是单数可数名词或者是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式;若名词是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式Two thirds of the work has been finished.Most of the books are written in English.注意:(1)what 从句作主语时,如果表示的是单数意义,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示的是复数意义,则谓语动词用复数形式。如:What we need is time.我们需要的是时间。What she needs are good books.她需要的是一些好书。
11、(2)and 连接并列主语,若前面有 each,every,many a,no 等词修饰时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。如:Each boy and each girl has got a present.每个男孩和女孩都收到了一份礼物。二、意义一致原则使用情况 例句有些集体名词如crowd,family,team,group,govern ment,class , staff, public 等,它们作主语时,谓语动词的数要根据具体语境而定;若它们表示一个集体单位,则动词用单数形式;若表示集体中的成员,则谓语用复数形式His family isnt large.His family are fo
12、nd of watching sports programs.有些集合名词如people,police,cattle ,poultry(家禽)等,形式上是单数,而意义上却表示复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;有些名词如news,means , works,physics,politics,maths 等,形式上是复数,而意义上却表示单数,因此谓语动词用单数形式The police are searching for the murder.Physics is really difficult for me.“the某些形容词 ”可以表示一类人,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式 The young ar
13、e energetic.某些代词或短语如 half(of),plenty(of),the rest(of),(a) part(of)等作主语时,谓语动词应视其“具体所指”即所修饰的名词来决定单、复数Half of the work has been finished.Half of the workers have finished their work ahead of time.表示复量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,通常视为一个Two pounds isnt so heavy.Two months is a long holiday.整体,谓语动词用单数形式 Te
14、n yuan is enough.Ten minus five is five.注意:(1)某些以s 结尾的地理名称,如果是国名,如 the United States,the Netherlands 等,谓语动词用单数形式;如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。如:The United States is a developed country.美国是一个发达的国家。The Niagara Falls are perhaps the most splendid waterfall in the world.尼亚加拉大瀑布或许是世界上最壮观的瀑布。(2)none 如
15、果指量,动词用单数;若用来指数目,与可数名词连用,谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可;none 如果代指不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数。如:None of the money belongs to me.没有一分钱是属于我的。None of the students has/have been to Egypt in our class.我们班没有一个学生去过埃及。(3)“all/most/half/the rest of名词”作主语,谓语动词与 of 后面的名词的数保持一致。如:Most of her money is spent on clothes.她的大部分钱被花在衣服上了。Half of th
16、e students watch TV twice a week.一半的学生一周看两次电视。三、就近一致原则使用情况 例句由 or,either or,nor,neither nor,whetheror,not but,not onlybut also等连词连接并列主语时,谓语动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致Neither you nor he is wrong.Not only Jim but also his friends are enjoying the film.Here/There be 句型中句子的主语在 be 之后,系动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致Here are some bo
17、oks and paper for you.There is an orange and two apples on the plate.四、there be 句型(1)“therebesb./sth. 地点 ”表示“某处有某人或某物 ”。be 动词必须和主语保持人称和数的一致。如果主语部分是两个以上的主语时,be 一般和邻近主语的数和人称保持一致。(2)“therebesb./sth. 地点 ”的否定形式是在 be 动词后面加 not,not any,no。(3)若变为一般疑问句则需要把 be 提前到句首。注意:there be 结构有不同的时态,而且可以和各种助动词或情态动词连用。如:There used to be several houses behind the two buildings.过去这两栋楼后面有几所房子。There was a sports meeting yesterday.昨天举行了一场运动会。There will be/There is going to be a new film on Monday.星期一将有一场新电影上映。There have been a lot of accidents around here.这里已经发生了许多起事故。There must be a mistake somewhere.肯定有某个地方出错了。