1、专题一 名词,中考五年命题规律及趋势编者按：系统分析遵义近 4 年试题，重点是单项选择、完形填空、词语运用题，逐命题点统计考查频次，表格直观呈现，并在各命题后批注考情，便于快速把握重点，逐一攻克。考纲要求1.可数名词及其单复数 2.不可数名词 3.专用名词 4.名词所有格考查点 年份 题号 选项设置 分值名词词义辨析201524two boxes of apple/two glass of water/two_bowls_of_porridge1 分41 small tree/seed/big_tree 1.5 分201425a lot of money/fingers/of toes/a w
2、hole body1 分28an advice/many advices/some_advice1 分48 cake/money/food 1.5 分201323 A lot/A half/A_quarter 1 分27Tom and Jim/Tom_and_Jims/Toms and Jims1 分42 teacher/doctor/worker 1 分201224 the loser/the player/the_winner 1 分27 men teacher/women_teac 1 分hers/women teacher50 love/friendship/beauty 1.5 分4
3、4 health/healthy/healthily 1.5 分名词词义辨析201572 troubletrouble 1 分76 decidedecision 1 分78 communicatecommunication 1 分85 influenceinfluence 1 分86her twin sisterher_twin_sisters1 分87 sheepssheep 1 分201376 turnturning 1 分78 actactors 1 分86 glassglasses 1 分201478 French Frenchmen 1 分84 difficultdifficulty
4、 1 分90 BettyBettys 1 分201279 tomatotomato 1.5 分80 activeactivities 1 分分析遵义近 5 年中考真题可以看出，名词为单项选择题的必考点，且近两年偏向名词词义在语境中的辨析，句子设置的语境贴近学生生活实际。对名词单复数的考查会和词义辨析结合，注重对语境的考查。对名词所有格的考查也会和单复数结合，侧重于不规则变化的名词复数。设题形式均为简单句。另外，完型填空和语篇填空、单词拼写及改错题中也会涉及对名词的考查，完型填空侧重考查名词的词义辨析，而语篇填空、单词拼写及改错题则侧重对名词单复数及所有格的考查。预计 2016 年遵义中考的单项
5、选择仍会考查名词词义辨析题。完形填空也会涉及 12 道名词词义辨析题。语篇填空，单词拼写及改错题中考查名词变复数的可能性较大，也考查动词或形容词转换为名词。,遵义中考重难点突破名词名词的分类专有名词普通名词可数名词个体名词集体名词不可数名词物质名词抽象名词名词的数可数名词单数复数规则变化不规则变化不可数名词名词的所有格s 所有格的构成及用法of 所有格的构成及用法双重所有格名词的句法作用名词作主语、宾语、表语名词作定语、同位语、补语、状语名词辨析【考点抢测】( )1.Its your _ as a teacher to protect your students.Aduty Bhobby C
6、habit( )2.Jennifer takes a lot of exercise every day and she is always full of _Aknowledge Benergy Cchange( )3.The Internet is very useful. We can get a lot of _ from it.Athings Btroubles Cinformation( )4.I will stay at _ when the summer holiday come.Ahouse Bhome Cfamily( )5.Its kind of you to offer
7、 your _ to the old in the bus.Aseat Bspace Cplace( )6.Im sorry I went out for a smoke.I was so tired.Theres no _ for this while you are at work.Acause Breason Cexcuse( )7.The environment is getting worse and worse，so we have to face this _ right now.Aquestion Bproblem C issue【满分点拨】分析遵义中考近几年单选和完形对名词辨
8、析的考查，主要以语境辨析为主，也涉及双名词复数及名词所有格的考查。1语境辨析分析遵义中考近几年单选和完形，名词辨析侧重于对语境辨析的考查，同时较少涉及单复数、固定搭配。学生在做题时，首先应读懂句意，抓住题干中关键信息，并分析各个选项的意思。2近义词辨析近义名词在遵义中考中只涉及到一题(message，news，information)，老师可根据情况适当补充。1family，home，house 与 room(具体用法见 P23)2noise，sound 与 voice(具体用法见 P91)3question 与 problem(具体用法见 P44)4work 与 job5message，in
9、formation 与 news(具体用法见 P44)6population 与 people7road ，street ，path 与 way8exercise，exercises 与 practice9police 与 policeman10trip，journey，travel 与 tour名词的数【考点抢测】一、单词拼写1The students of Grade 7 visited Mikes farm and saw many _ there.(sheep)2All the _ teachers in our school enjoyed themselves on March 8
10、th because it was their own holiday.(woman)3Im going to the supermarket to buy some milk and _ this afternoon.(apple)4Is that pair of _ a little cheaper？(glass)5These shoes are too big for my _(foot)二、 单项选择( )6.Hurry up，we just get a few _ to prepare for the presentation.Aminute Bminutes Cchance( )7
11、.I gave a bunch(束) of _ to my mom on Mothers Day.Aflowers Bflower Cflour( )8.Mum，Ive heard that we cant eat _ these days. Is it true?Take it easy. It is safe to eat cooked meat.Achicken Bchickens Ca chicken( )9.Are there any _ in your school?Yes， there are.AGermen BGermans CGerman( )10.Do you have a
12、ny _？Yes， I like chess and drama best.Ajobs Bjob Chobbies【满分点拨】1可数名词单复数变化规律情况 构成方法 例词一般情况 加s capcaps；dogdogs以字母 s，sh，ch ，x 等结尾 加es busbuses；wishwishes；watchwatches；boxboxes以“辅音字母y”结尾 变 y 为 i，再加 esladyladies ； centurycenturies； familyfamilies ；storystories以 f 或 fe 结尾 一般变 f，fe 为 v，再加es leafleaves；life
13、 lives；halfhalves；knifeknives以 o 结尾 o 前为辅音音素时加es，o前为元音音素时加s。tomatotomatoes；heroheroes；例外，photo photos；radio radios；piano pianos复合名词将后一个词变为复数 toothbrushtoothbrushes；filmgoerfilmgoers两部分都变复数man doctormen doctors；woman teacherwomen teachers特殊名词改变内部元音字母 footfeet ；toothteeth；manmen；mousemice词尾加ren childc
14、hildren单复数同形 ChineseChinese；sheepsheep；deerdeer2.常见不可数名词归纳及用法(1)常见的不可数名词物质名词食物 bread 面包 meat 肉 cheese 奶酪液体 milk 牛奶 water 水 wine 酒 oil 油自然物体 soil 土壤 sand 沙子 wood 木头抽象名词情感 joy 高兴 friendship 友情 peace 和平学科 math 数学 geography 地理physics 物理 chemistry 化学概念 population 人口 knowledge 知识(2)不可数名词量化的表示不可数名词的多少可用以下词
15、组来表示：a block of 一块a bottle of 一瓶a group of 一群a pair of 一组，一双，一对a piece of 一片(张，块)a pile of 一堆短语 a pair(piece)of复数名词作主语时，中心词是 pair(piece)，故谓语动词用单数；若短语是 two pairs(pieces)of复数名词作主语，则中心词是 two pairs，谓语动词用复数。名词所有格【考点抢测】1One of my _ homework wasnt handed in today.(classmate)2When is _ Day?Its on June 1st，D
16、ave.(child)( )3.How far is your home from school?Its about two _ walk.Ahours BhoursChours( )4.On the weekend ，_ is so crowded that I can not find my friend.Athe center of the cityBcitys centerCcitys and centers( )5.Mary is _，so please treat her as yours.Aa friend of me Ba friend of mineCa friend of you【满分点拨】含有 and 的所有格(1)用 and 连接两个并列的单数名词表示两人共同拥有某物，用 A and Bs 表示。(2)用 and 连接两个并列名词，表示分别拥有各自的物品时，用 As and Bs 表示。双重所有格两种形式：of名词所有格。of名词性物主代词。A friend of my brothers.我哥哥的一个朋友。A daughter of yours 你的一个女儿
