1、专题八 动词和动词短语第一节 动词的分类及辨析,遵义中考五年命题规律及趋势考查点 年份 题号 考查角度 选项设置 分值动词词义辨析201637 实义动词词义 辨析 studied/worked/found 1.5分44 实义动词词义 辨析 played/took/treated 1.5分73实义动词放情态动词之后用原形findfind 1分89 动词的延续性have boughthave_had1分201543 实义动词词义 辨析 smiled/talked/cried 1.5分201442 实义动词词义 辨析 bought/ordered/made 1.5分44 实义动词词义 辨析 spen
2、d/cost/pay 1.5分50 实义动词词义 辨析 walked/stood/shouted 1.5分201322 实义动词词义 辨析 visited/called/found 1分44 实义动词词义 辨析 thanked/argued/loved 1.5分201225 实义动词词义 辨析 agreed/refused/replied 1分43 感官动词词义 辨析 watch/see/look 1.5分45 实义动词词义 辨析 keeping/losing/improving 1.5分47 实义动词辨析 takes/spends/costs 1.5分遵义中考单项选择对动词的考查主要涉及动词
3、(包括实义动词和感官动词) 、动词短语、情态动词、非谓语动词(只考查动词不定式)。完形填空中也涉及实义动词词义辨析,而语篇填空、单词拼写、改错题中对动词的考查主要是时态,语法及非谓语动词结合。预测2017年中考单选仍会从动词短语、情态动词、动词不定式方面来考查。完形填空主要考查动词词义辨析。,遵义中考重难点突破动词的分类实义动词是否接宾语及物动词不及物动词是否延续性延续性动词短暂性动词系动词助动词情态动词动词的分类【满分点拨】动词按照含义及它们在句中的作用分为四类,即行为动词,也称实义动词,(连) 系动词、助动词和情态动词。情态动词将在第三节中具体讲解。遵义中考侧重于实义动词的考查,偶尔也涉及
4、感官动词的辨析。动词作为句子的核心成分,学生应重点掌握。一、动词的分类1.实义动词的用法(及物动词与不及物动词 )实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其是否跟宾语分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词( vi.)。(1)及物动词及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思表达完整,如reach,ask,return ,love,need。具体用法为:动词宾语。如:He reached Canada yesterday.他昨天到达加拿大。动词宾语宾语补足语。如:They asked me to go fishing with them.他们让我一起去钓鱼。I saw the children play
5、 in the park yesterday.昨天我看见孩子们在公园里玩。注意:带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的常考动词有:make,let,have,see ,watch ,notice,hear等。动词间接宾语直接宾语。如:I will return the storybook to him.我准备把故事书还给他。注意:带双宾语的常考动词有:give,bring,buy,get,leave ,lend,make,offer,pass,teach,tell,reach,return等。(2)不及物动词不及物动词本身意思完整,无须接宾语,构成“主语谓语”的句型,如swim,come,go,
6、run,travel等;若后面接宾语,必须与介词连用。如:Lucy is swimming.露西正在游泳。I am waiting for you at the school gate.我正在校门口等你。(3)有些动词既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词。如:We study English.我们学习英语。 (及物)We study hard.我们学习努力。(不及物)2系动词的用法系动词本身没有词义,不能单独作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。如:The food tastes delicious.那食物尝起来好吃。常考系动词的分类类别 功能 例词表示状态 表示主语所
7、处的状态。 am,is , are,was,were表示持续 表示主语继续或保持某种身份和状 态。 keep, remain,stay ,stand ,lie表示感官 表示人体感官的系动词。 look,feel,smell,taste,sound表示状态变化表示主语从一种状态变换到另一种状态。 become,get,go,grow ,turn注意:一般情况下,系动词没有被动语态形式。表示状态的系动词一般不用于进行时(feel除外);变化系动词表示“渐渐”,可用于进行时。如:Its getting warmer and warmer.天气渐渐变得暖和。3助动词的用法助动词本身没有意义或意义不完全
8、,不能单独用作谓语。助动词在句中与实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语,以表示时态、语态、人称和数。此外,还可以用来构成否定、疑问或强调的句型。具体用法见下表:分类 作用beam/is/are现在分词现在进行时was/were现在分词过去进行时be过去分词被动语态do 形式有do,does,did ,用于构成疑问句和否定句,或用在动词前加强语 气havehave/has过去分词 现在完成时had过去分词过去完成时havebeen现在分词现在完成进行时will/shall will/shall动词原形一般将来时would/should动词原形过去将来时【易错点提醒】will,would,shall,sh
9、ould除了表示单纯的将来时间以外,更多的是用作情态动词。(4)情态动词的用法(具体用法和习题详见本专题的第三节情态动词)二、动词的基本形式英语动词有五种基本形式,即:动词原形、第三人称单数(现在时) 、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。规则动词的三种变化规律动词的结构第三人称单数 过去式 /分词 现在分词一般情况v.s(works,reads)v.ed(stayed)v.ing(doing)续表动词的结构第三人称单数 过去式 /分词 现在分词以不发音的e结尾动词v.s(comes)v.d(moved)去e,再ing(moving)一个元音字母一个辅音字母结尾的重读音节v.s(plans,stops
10、)双写辅音字母,再加ed(planned)双写辅音字母,再ing(stopping)特殊情况以x、s、z、ch、sh 、o结尾动词,ves(goes)以辅音字母y结尾的动词,改y为i,再ed(studied)以ie 结尾的动词,改ie为y,再 ing(lying)【考点抢测】( C )1._ everyone here today?Now lets begin the meeting.ABe BAre C Is( B )2.He _ pale at the meeting this morning.Agot Blooked Cturned( C )3.I _ go to bed until I
11、 finished my work.Adont B did C didnt( C )4.He _ an English club last year and has made great progress in English.Aprotected Bproduced Cjoined( C )5.I will meet Jane at the station.Please _ what time she will arrive.Acount B chose Ccheck动词辨析【满分点拨】分析遵义近几年的中考真题不难看出动词辨析是遵义中考的一个必考点。主要涉及实义动词辨析,感官动词辨析等。这种
12、题目多会在单选和完形填空中出现。主要是从语境中判断选择正确的动词。【考点抢测】( B )1.(2016菏泽中考) Lets get Laurie a gift for his birthday.OK.Shall we _ a book online for him?Aafford Border Coffer( C )2.The running water makes the stones _ very smooth.Asound BtasteCfeel( C )3.Oh,my God!I _ my notebook in my bedroom.It doesnt matter.Ill lend
13、 you mine.Aforget B forgotCleft( C )4.Dont forget to _ “Thank you!”when someone helps you.Atalk B tellCsay( C )5.He is _ to type quickly when talking to each other on WeChat so the other person doesnt get bored.Asuggested B supportedCsupposed( B )6.His family are worried about him because they haven
14、t _ letters from him for a long time.Aaccepted BreceivedCwritten( A )7.Daisy is such a good daughter that she _ most of her spare time with her parents.Aspends BcostsCtakes( C )8.When he arrived at the bus stop,the bus _ for 20 minutes.Ahas left B had leftChas been away( C )9.(2015盐城中考改编 )The librarian told me that I could _ these magazines for three days.Aborrow BbuyCkeep( A )10.(2015扬州中考改编 )When you _ yourself with others,you miss the wonder of who you are.Acompare BcommunicateCcontact