1、单元语法小专题(Grammar Focus)语法精讲一、介词 by 的用法1by 表示方式、方法或手段，后接名词或动名词，意为“使用某物；凭借；乘( 车、船) 等” 。当表示“乘坐”时，by 与名词之间不用任何修饰词。另外，对这种用法中的“by 短语”提问时通常用 how。如：来源:gkstk.Com来源:gkstk.ComWhat did you learn by reading this book? 通过读这本书你学到了什么？Do you often go to work by bus? 你经常乘公共汽车上班吗？Mike studies math by_doing_lots_of_exer
2、cisesHow does Mike study math? 2by 表示地点、位置，意为“靠近；在旁边”。如：There are lots of children playing by the lake.许多孩子在湖边玩耍。3by 表示时间，意为“到时(为止) ；在以前；不迟于” 。如：His uncle comes back home by 9 pm every day.他叔叔每天晚上 9 点前回家。4by 表示移动的方向，意为“从旁边过” 。如：I pass by the bus stop on the way to work every day.我每天在上班的路上都经过这个公共汽车站。
3、5by oneself 意为“某人自己” 。如：He finished the work by himself.他自己完成了工作。6by 表示“被、由” ，用于被动语态。如：The flowers were watered by her.花是她浇的。二、动名词用法小结动名词由“动词ing”构成 ，它具有名词的特征，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分，同时它还具有动词的特征，在句中可以带自己的宾语或状语等构成短语。1作主语。动名词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：Eating vegetables often is good for your health.经常吃蔬菜对你的健康有好处
4、。2作宾语。动名词可以作及物动词、介词或以介词结尾的动词短语的宾语。如：Stop talking，please. Lets begin the meeting.不要谈话了，咱们开会吧。Thank you for helping me with my English.谢谢你帮我学英语。Many people took part in planting trees on Tree Planting Day.很多人在植树节那天参加植树活动。3作表语。如：Your duty now is studying hard.你们现在的职责是努力学习。4作定语。动名词作定语时常放在被修饰词前。如：The rea
5、ding room is on the fifth floor.阅览室在五楼。5作状语。如：Hearing the news，they all jumped with joy.听到这个消息时，他们都高兴地跳了起来。6作宾语补足语。如：来源:学优高考网The students are watching the teacher doing the experiment.学生们在观察老师做实验。语法精练. 选词填空。1I usually go to school on foot，but yesterday I went to school by(by/in) bike.2My brother lea
6、rns English by listening(listening/to listen) to tapes.3The boy stood by the window，watching(to watch/watching) the stars in the sky.4Swimming is(is/are) the two childrens favorite sport.5How(What/How) will you tell Mike about the good news，Lisa?By sending an email to him.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。6I found th
7、e way to the village by asking(ask) an old man.7He often practices playing(play) the piano in the evening.8Dont you remember telling(tell) me the story yesterday? 9Walking(walk) after dinner is good for health.10They are looking forward to meeting(meet) you soon.根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。来源:gkstk.Com11我通过和朋友练
8、习对话的方式来提髙英语。I improve my English by practicing conversations with my friends.12她认为读英语杂志是记生词的最好办法。来源:学优高考网gkstkShe thinks reading English magazines is the best way to memorize new words.13汤姆的爱好是做单词卡。Toms hobby is making word cards.14他对游泳越来越感兴趣了。He is more and more interested in swimming15当路过公园时，史密斯先生看见一些孩子在做游戏。Mr.Smith saw some children playing games when he passed by the park.
