1、单元语法小专题(Grammar Focus)语法精讲一般现在时的被动语态1被动语态概述被动语态是用来表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中的语态有两种，一种是主动语态，表示主语是动作的执行者；一种是被动语态，表示主语是动作的承受者。如：Lots of people speak English.(主动语态，句子的主语“lots of people”是动作“speak”的执行者)English is spoken by lots of people.(被动语态，句子的主语“English”是动作“speak”的承受者)2被动语态的常见用法(1)强调动作的承受者。如：The boy is not love
2、d by us. 这个男孩不被我们所爱。(2)不知道动作的执行者。如：All the children are asked to take part in the activity. 所有孩子都被要求去参加此次活动。(3)没有必要提及动作的执行者。如：Such things are not done twice. 这种事情不要做第二次了。3一般现在时被动语态的构成一般现在时的被动语态由“am/is/are及物动词的过去分词”构成。如果要特别强调动作或行为的执行者时，句子后面需接 by 短语。一般现在时的被动语态的疑问形式是将 am/is/are 提到句首，肯定回答用“Yes，主语am/is/a
3、re.” ；否定回答用 “No，主语isnt/arent.”。一般现在时的被动语态的否定形式是在 am/is/are 后加not。如：English is widely used all over the world. 英语在全世界被广泛地使用。Is the classroom cleaned every day by you? 教室每天是你打扫的吗？Cartoon films arent enjoyed by students in our class. 动画片在我们班不受欢迎。4一般现在时的主动语态变被动语态的方法先把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语(宾语若是人称代词，须将宾格变为主格) ，然
4、后根据这个主语选用相应的助动词 be(am/is/are)，再将主动句中的谓语动词变成它的过去分词形式，再将主动句中的主语置于介词 by 之后( 若是人称代词，须将主格变为宾格 )；最后将句中的其他成分加上即可。如：They often visit the museum.The museum is often visited by them.他们经常参观博物馆。【注意】(1)不及物动词(短语 )，如：happen，rise， appear，come out，take place 等没有被动语态。(2)将短语动词在变为被动语态时要保持其完整性。如：talk about，hand in，pay a
5、ttention to，take care of等短语动词在变为被动语态时，其中的介词或副词不可漏掉。如：The old in the Old Peoples Home are well taken care of. 老人们在养老院被照顾得很好。(3)主动语态中的宾语补足语如果是省略“to”的动词不定式( 短语) ，在变为被动语态时要补出动词不定式符号 to。如：I always help my mother do some housework on weekends. My mother is always helped by me to do some housework on weeke
6、nds. 我总是在周末帮妈妈做家务。语法精练来源:gkstk.Com.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1English is_learned(learn) as a foreign language in most of Chinese schools.2The dogs are_taken(take) good care of by my mother.3Usually，my homework isnt_done(not do) in the afternoon.4Are the flowers watered(water) every day?5Computers dont_sell(no
7、t sell) well in that shop.6Is our school visited(visit) by many people every day?7Three languages are_used(use) in this country.8The workers are_made(make) to work 12 hours every day.9Such exercises are often done(do) by the students in class.10The car is always cleaned(clean) by Mr.Zhang in the mor
8、ning.按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。11They dont make this kind of watch in Beijing.(改为被动语态)This kind of watch isnt madeby them in Beijing.12The bike is mended by Uncle_Li( 对画线部分提问)Who is the bike mended by?13The trees are watered by them once a week.(改为主动语态)They water the trees once a week.14The witch turned the pu
9、mpkin into a beautiful carriage at once.(改为被动语态 )The pumpkin was turned into a beautiful carriage at once by the witch.15Tea is grown in the south of China.(改为一般疑问句)Is tea grown in the south of China?16Such songs are usually sung by boys.(改为否定句)Such songs arent usually sung by boys.17The wall is pai
10、nted every_year( 对画线部分提问) 来源:学优高考网 gkstkHow often is the wall painted?来源:学优高考网 gkstk18My parents grow vegetables every spring.(改为被动语态)Vegetables are grown by my parents every spring.19Does she often look after the old woman？(改为被动语态)Is the old woman often looked after by her?20We arent allowed by the
11、m to take photos here.(改为主动语态 )They dont allow us to take photos here.根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。21英语老师经常使用录音机。Recorders are often used by English teachers.22你的手机是国产的吗？Is your mobile phone made in China?23这个老师每天给我们很多作业。Much homework is given to us by the teacher every day.24韩梅每天读很多书吗？Is a lot of reading done b
12、y Han Mei every day?25大家都喜欢这本书。来源:gkstk.ComThe book is liked by everyone.26这间卧室是双胞胎姐妹共有的。This bedroom belongs to the twin sisters.27她的声音甜美动听。Her voice sounds sweet and beautiful.来源:学优高考网 gkstk28这种铅笔被小学生广泛使用。This kind of pencils is widely used by pupils.29据说这种植物只生长于非洲。Its said that this kind of plant only grows in Africa.30这种布料的衣服好清洗。Clothes made of this kind of cloth wash easily
