1、专题七 形容词和副词,命题趋势( B )1.(2017深圳中考) The scenery of Shen Zhen is amazing，_ in spring.I think so.You can see green trees and beautiful flowers everywhere.来源:gkstk.ComAexactly Bespecially Cactually ( B )2.(2017扬州中考)Mrs.White is _ enough to spend her spare time on our math problems.Aconfident Bgenerous Cwi
2、se( B )3.(2017长沙中考) Theres _ in the city.Why not have a picnic in the countryside?Great.Daweishan might be a good choice.Ainteresting somethingBnothing interestingCanything interesting( B )4.(2017益阳中考)If people give up driving cars，the air will get much _ in a few days.A.clean Bcleaner Cthe cleanest
3、( A )5.(2017随州中考 )Have you see the movie Body Plan?Of course.Its _ movie I have ever seen.Athe funniest BfunnierCthe most funny( C )6.(2017德州中考)Ive read through this book several times，but I will read it _ so as to get better understanding.Amore bravely Bless easily Cmore carefully通过以上六个题的整体感知，我们可知形
4、容词和副词在中考中的常见考法题型为单项选择。考点设置方向主要集中在易混形容词副词辨析与正确运用、形容词和副词比较级与最高级的正确运用、形容词和副词的位置功能方面，以及形容词和副词在综合填空中词性转换、拼写，以及在书面表达中灵活正确地使用。,考点细化考查形容词和副词在句中的功能及位置关系一、 形容词的功能及位置1作定语：形容词在句中作定语通常放在名词前，但当其修饰不定代词时需后置。如：Yibin is a beautiful city. 宜宾是一座美丽的城市。He has something important to tell us.他有重要的事告诉我们。以下形容词只能作定语：little(小的
5、) ，only(唯一的)，elder(年长的)。2作表语：即形容词放在系动词后面作表语，常见系动词有：be，look，sound，smell ，taste，feel，get，turn，become。 如：The burning noodles taste good. 燃面尝起来不错。In spring，all the leaves turn green.在春天，所有的叶子都变绿了。以下形容词只能作表语：afraid(害怕的) ，alone(独自的 )，asleep(睡着的)，alive(活着的)，well( 身体健康的)，ill( 生病的) ， frighten(害怕的 )。3作宾语补足语。M
6、y best friend always makes me happy.我最好的朋友总让我高兴。4通过现象看本质，以ly结尾的常见形容词：lonely(孤寂的)，friendly( 友好的)，lively(生动的)，lovely(可爱的)，weekly( 每周的 )，ugly(丑陋的)，monthly(每月的)。5the形容词，表示该形容词代表的一类人：good/bad，rich/poor，young/old ，deaf/blind等。如：The rich(富人)are supposed to help the poor(穷人)The young(年轻人)should be polite to
7、 the old(老年人)6ed和 ing形容词的区别：ed形容词常用于指人对事物的感受；ing形容词常用于指事和物本身的属性。如：ed形容词(主语为人)ing形容词(常位于名词前起修饰作用)例句surprised感到惊讶的surprising令人惊讶的I am surprised at the surprising news.interested对感兴趣的interesting有趣的I am interested in the interesting move.续表ed形容词(主语为人)ing形容词(常位于名词前起修饰作用)来源:学优高考网例句excited感到兴奋的exciting令人兴奋
8、的Have you heard of the exciting news?We are excited about the traveling.frightened感到恐惧的frightening令人恐惧的This is a frightening story.We are frightened of the ghost.moved受感动的moving令人感动的We are deeply moved by Dangal.Dangal is a moving film.tired感到疲倦的tiring令人疲倦的Its a long tiring day.I am too tired.7.形容词常
9、用句型：(1)Its adj. (for sb.) to do sth.表示“某人( 做某事)怎么样”。 如：Its easy for us to learn English well. 对我们来说学好英语很容易。(2)sb.find/make/think it adj. to do sth.表示“某人发现 /使得/认为做某事怎样”。如：I think it hard to work out the problem.我认为算出这个问题很难。二、副词的功能及位置1作状语：放在动词之后。如：Tom studies hard every day.汤姆每天努力学习。2作宾语补足语：动副短语。如：Let
10、 the dog out！让狗出去！3副词的位置：(1)修饰动词时，放在动词之后，若是及物动词放在其宾语之后。如：Jack works hard.(work 为不及物动词)Mary is reading books carefully.(read为及物动词)(2)修饰形容词或其他副词时，放在被修饰词前面。如：Dont drive so quickly. 开车别太快。The math is too difficult.数学太困难了。但enough 除外。如：来源:学优高考网gkstkThe girl isnt old enough to dress herself.这个女孩还不够大不能自己穿衣服
11、。(3)频度副词通常放在be动词、情态动词、助动词之后，实义动词之前。如：He is a good student.He is never late for class.他是好学生。他从不上课迟到。Tina usually gets up early in the morning to study.蒂娜经常早起学习。(4)时间副词在后，地点副词在前。如：Jenny was born in Yibin in 2005.考查形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级相关知识运用一、原级比较1表示程度相同的比较用“as原级as ”，意为 “与 一样/ 相同”。如：Zhao Liying is as tall
12、 as Yang Mi.赵丽颖和杨幂一样高。David runs as quickly as Bolt.大卫跑得和博尔特一样的快。2表示程度不相同的比较“not so/as 原级 as” 意为“与不一样/不同或不如”。如：This book is not as/so interesting as that one.This book is less interesting than that one.That book is more interesting than this one.这本书没有那本书有趣。David doesnt run as quickly as Bolt. David
13、runs less quickly than Bolt. Bolt runs more quickly than David.大卫没有博尔特跑得快。3“as原级as” 和 “not so/as 原级 as” 中的原级是指形容词的原级或副词的原级，究竟选择用形容词的原级还是副词的原级，取决于谓语动词。谓语动词为be动词，其后选用形容词原级作表语。谓语动词为行为动词，其后选用副词原级作状语。如：(1)形容词原级：Your face is as red(位于is之后作表语) as a big apple.(2)副词的原级：My best friend plays basketball as well
14、(修饰动词plays作状语) as me.二、形容词和副词的比较级与最高级的构成1规则变化：情况 词尾变化 举例一般情况 直接在词尾加er；est talltallertallestfastfasterfastest 以e结尾的词 加r；st nicenicernicestlargelargerlargest词尾是辅音字母y 变y为i再加er；estdrydrierdriestearlyearlierearlier词尾为一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er； estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottestthinthinnerthinnest部分双
15、音节词或多音节词在前面加more；mostinterestingmore interestingmost interestingclearlymore clearlymost clearlycarefullymore carefullymost carefully2.不规则变化：原级 比较级 最高级good/well better bestbad/ill/badly worse worstlittle less leastmany/much more mostfar farther/further farthest/furthestold older/elder oldest/eldest三、
16、形容词和副词比较级、最高级的运用1形容词与副词比较级的运用(1)表示两者比较，常与than 连用。如：This computer is more expensive than that one.这台电脑比那台要贵。(2)比较级前用the的常见情况： 两者比较，特指其中之一。如：Jimmy is the higher of the two children.两个孩子中较高那个是吉米 强调两件事情间的内在关联性，“越，就会越”。如：The harder you work，the luckier you will be.越努力，越幸运。The earlier you learn to be inde
17、pendent，the better future you will have.越早学会独立，你将会拥有更好的未来。(3)“比较级and比较级”或“more and more 原级”，表示 “越来越”。如：Yibin is becoming more and more beautiful.宜宾正变得越来越美丽。Its getting hotter and hotter in summer.夏天天气变得越来越热。(4) that/those常用于替代前文提到过的同类的人或物，避免重复。that 替代不可数名词或可数名词单数，those 代替可数名词复数。如：The weather in Yibi
18、n is cooler than that in Nanjing. 宜宾的天气比南京的要更凉爽。(5)倍数比较。如：This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个房间大三倍。(6)以比较级形式表达最高级含义：比较级 than any other 单数可数名词；比较级 than the other 可数名词复数。如：He is taller than any other student in his class.He is taller than the other students in his class.He is the tal
19、lest student in his class.他比班上任何学生都高。(7)不出现than却要用比较级的潜在语境比较。如：Are you satisfied with the result of the exam？ 你对考试结果满意吗？Not at all.I cant have a worse one.一点也不。再也找不到比这更差的了。(8)以下一些词常用来修饰比较级：a little，a bit，even，much，still。如：He is much taller than me. 他比我高些。It is even colder today than yesterday.今天比昨天更
20、冷。2形容词与副词最高级的运用(1)表示三者及其以上的比较，常用最高级形式且与in/of 表范围的短语连用；形容词最高级前无其他修饰词时要加the ，副词最高级前the 可用可不用。如：Mike writes (the) most carefully in his class.迈克是班上字写地最认真的。He is the most humorous of the three boys. 他是三个男孩子中最幽默的。(2)最高级前可用序数词共同修饰其后的名词，结构为：“ the 序数词 最高级 名词”。如：Yangtze River is the third longest river in th
21、e world.长江是世界第三长河。(3)“one of the 形容词最高级 可数名词复数”表示 “最之一”。如：Chengdu is one of the most beautiful cities in China.成都是中国最美丽的城市之一。易混形容词和副词的辨析1hard 和hardlyhard意为“努力地，辛苦地，猛烈地”是程度副词；hardly意为“几乎不”，是否定副词。如：We should study hard as students.作为学生我们应该努力学习。I can hardly understand what you said.我几乎听不懂你刚才所讲的。2much t
22、oo， too much和too manymuch too意为 “非常，极其”，中心词为too ，修饰形容词或副词；too much意为 “太多”，中心词为much，修饰不可数名词；too many意为 “太多”， 中心词为many，修饰可数名词复数。如：The skirt is much too expensive.这裙子太贵。Please dont eat too much junk food.Its bad for your health.别吃太多垃圾食物。它对你的身体不好。There are too many people in the supermarket.超市里有太多的人。3to
23、o，as well ，also和eithertoo，as well，also用于肯定句， too与as well多用于口语，一般放在句末，而also多用于书面语，一般放在句中与动词连用。either用于否定句句末。如：Tina is police，too.Tina is also a police.Tina is a police as well.蒂娜也是警察。Tina isnt a police either.蒂娜也不是警察。4too，enough 和so“tooto”结构表示否定意义“太而不能” ； “形容词/副词 enough to do sth.” 表示“足够能做某事”；“sothat
24、”结构表示“如此以至于”。如：The man is too old to look after himself.这个男人太老不能照顾自己。The boy runs fast enough to win the game.这男孩跑得够快可以赢得比赛。The camera is so expensive that I cant afford it.这照相机太贵我买不起它。三个结构有时可以进行同义句转换，但用于enough 之前的形容词要用该形容词的反义词。如：The boy is too young to go to school.The boy is so young that he cant
25、go to school.The boy is not old enough to go to school.这个男孩年纪太小不能上学。5already和yetalready 表示事情已经发生，主要用于肯定句；yet表示期待某事发生，主要用于否定句和疑问句。如：We have already watched that movie.我们已经看了那部电影。I havent finished my homework yet.我还没写完我的作业。6alone和lonelyalone表示形单影只，外在的一个人；lonely是指感到空寂，内在的空虚。如：She lives alone，but she do
26、esnt feel lonely.她一个人居住，但她并不感到空虚。7late 和lately late 为形容词，意思为“晚的；迟的”；lately为副词，意思为“最近地”。如：He is never late for school.他上学从不迟到。What have you been doing lately？你最近在做什么？8deep和deeplydeep为形容词，表示空间深度；deeply为副词，表示情感上的深度 “深深地”。如：The river is deep，so its dangerous to swim here.这河太深，因此在这儿游泳危险。The whole family
27、were deeply moved by the movie.全家被电影深深打动了。9wide和widelywide为形容词或副词，表示空间上的宽；widely为副词，意为“广泛地”。 如：How wide is the Nan Men Bridge? 南门桥多宽？ Its about 8 meters wide.大约8米宽。He has traveled widely in Asia. 他已经在亚洲大多数地方旅游过。,小试牛刀( A )1.(2017海南中考 )Everyone knows the Yellow River isnt so _ as the Yangtze River.Alo
28、ng Blonger Clongest( B )2.(2017青海中考) Why was the young man so _ in himself?Because he had so many failures.A.interested BdisappointedCsurprised( A )3.(2017东营中考 )Frenchmen are outgoing.Its _ to make friends with them.Aeasy Bproud Cpolite( A )4.(2017东营中考 )Another person was hurt by the tiger in the zo
29、o.What a pity！That is a lesson to us：We must take rules _Aseriously Bcarefully Cclearly( A )5.(2017上海中考 )Alex believes he will soon be able to play chess as _ as the computer.Awell Bbetter Cbest ( B )6.(2017上海中考)Nowadays people wish to have _ food than before as their life improves.Ahealthy Bhealthi
30、er Chealthiest 来源:学优高考网gkstk( B )7.(2017成都中考)Jim studies better than Tom，but Tom is _ and he has more friends.Afriendly Bmore friendly Cthe most friendly( A )8.(2017安徽中考 )My deskmate is really _She likes to attend different activities after school.Aactive Bquiet Clazy( A )9.(2017安徽中考 )There are many beautiful places to visit in Anhui，_ Mount Huang in autumn.Aespecially B finally Cluckily 来源:学优高考网gkstk( C )10.The hotel is very old.Its one of _ buildings in the city.Aold Bolder Cthe oldest请完成精练本第7页作业
