1、Module 7 Unit 20 New Frontiers,重点单词,1. assist vt.帮助，协助精讲拓展assist sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事assist sb. in doing sth.帮助某人做某事assist sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事,词语辨析 help/assist/aid (1)动词help和assist的含义往往相同，但assist较正式，而且总是暗示被帮助者自己也在做一部分工作，若某人处于困境，你帮助他用help，而不说assist。如： They helped the drowning man.他们救了那个溺水的人。 (2)aid
2、系正式用语，与help相似，但不经常使用。 (3)在help，assist后面可以接动词不定式，aid则不能这样使用。 He helped me (to) pass my exam.他帮助我通过了考试。 典型例句 A man is assisting police(with their inquiries) 一名男子协助警方调查。朗文当代 Unless we receive more financial assistance from the government，the hospital will have to close. 如果我们得不到政府财政上更多的援助，这家医院就得停办。朗文当代
3、Our friends assisted us in fixing the car. 我们的朋友帮我们修车。美国传统,即学即用,完成句子 Dont be nervous.The police_ _you in finding her address. 不要紧张，警察会帮你找出她的地址。 Li Hua_ _ _ me _ my English.李华一直帮助我学习英语。 答案：will assist has been assisting；with,2worn adj.用旧的，用坏的；疲惫的精讲拓展a pair of worn blue jeans一条磨破了的蓝色牛仔裤look worn and s
4、ad 显得疲惫忧伤 wornout (extremely tired；exhausted)疲惫不堪的wear glasses 戴眼镜wear ones hair long/short留长发/短发wear puzzled expressions 面带疑惑的表情wear well(主动形式表示被动意义)耐用，耐穿，耐磨,典型例句 We were wornout from the long trip. 长途旅行之后我们精疲力竭。美国传统 She usually wears her hair up. 她通常都把头发梳得高高的。朗文当代 He wore dark glasses to protect h
5、is eyes from the strong sunlight. 他戴墨镜以防强烈的阳光刺伤眼睛。朗文当代,词语辨析 wear out/be worn out (1)wear out 穿破，用坏；结构为wear outn./wearpron.out He wore out two pairs of shoes in one month. 他在一个月内穿破了两双鞋。 He has worn them out.他把它们穿破了。 (2)be worn out表示状态，“穿破了”，用作表语，还可表示“筋疲力尽”，相当于be very tired，be tired out。 His shirt was
6、 worn out，so he bought a new one. 他的衬衫穿破了，所以他买了一件新的。 He was worn out after a whole days work. 工作一整天后，他十分疲劳。,即学即用 _ after a long walk，Mike called and said he couldnt come to the party. AHaving worn out BBeing worn out CTo wear out DWorn out解析：句意为：长距离步行之后十分疲劳，迈克打电话说他不能来参加聚会了。Having worn out表示发生在谓语动作之前
7、的主动动作；Being worn out表示和谓语动作同时发生的被动动作；To wear out不定式表示目的；worn out过去分词表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动动作，也可以表示状态，在此句中表原因，D为正确答案。答案：D,3. issue n&v.议题，争论点；(期刊的)期，号；发布，公布，发行精讲拓展a big/key/ major issue重要议题make an issue of sth.挑起争端be at issue of sth.在审议/争议中的take issue with sb.about /on/over sth.就某事向某人提出异议；就某事向某人争论issue sth.t
8、o sb.向某人宣布某事issue sth.to sb./issue sb.with sth.(正式)发给(供给)某人某物,典型例句 I dont want to make an issue of it. 我不想争论这件事。朗文当代 The Christmas issue of the magazine had a picture of carol singers on its cover. 圣诞节那期杂志的封面上刊有唱圣诞颂歌者的照片。朗文当代 Her ability is not at issue；its her character Im worried about. 她的能力毫无争议，我
9、担心的是她的人品。朗文当代 The government is expected to issue a statement about the crisis. 预料政府会对这场危机发表一个声明。朗文当代 They issued the firemen with breathing equipment. 他们发给消防队队员氧气设备。朗文当代 He took issue with my view of the problem. 他不同意我对这个问题的看法。美国传统,即学即用,翻译句子 公共教育是这次会议的最重要的议题之一 。_ 这是一个重大问题 ，我们需要花较多的时间考虑。_ 钱不是问题。_ 警方
10、已发出寻找目击证人的呼吁。_答案：Public education was one of the biggest issues at the meeting.This is a big issue，we need more time to think about it.Money is not an issue.The police have issued an appeal for witnesses.,4donate vt.捐赠；赠送精讲拓展donate sth.to sb.捐赠某物给某人make a generous donation向慷慨相助典型例句We often donate cl
11、othing to the Red Cross.我们经常向红十字会捐赠衣物。美国传统We are collecting donations for the relief fund.我们在为救济基金募捐。朗文当代They made a generous donation to charity.他们对慈善事业慷慨捐助。朗文当代,As is well known，she has _ her books to the library，which is a great help to our school.Aoffer Bdonated Cgiven Dsupplying解析：本题考查词语辨析。句意为：
12、众所周知，她把她的书本捐赠给了图书馆，这对我们学校是极大的帮助。 donate sth.to sb.“捐赠某物给某人”，故B项正确。答案：B,5assess vt.评价；评估；评判；评定精讲拓展assess at估价，核定assess a tax at.核定税额为典型例句Its difficult to assess the effects of the new legislation just yet.现在还难以评价新法令的效果。朗文当代Hes so lazy that its difficult to assess his ability.他懒惰得很难对他的能力作出评估。朗文当代They
13、assessed the cost of the flood damage at 1,500.他们估定洪水造成的损失为1 500英镑。(剑桥高阶),词语辨析 assess/value/evaluate/estimate (1)assess通常表示“估计”出某物的价值，以便有效地利用它。 (2)value指“估计某物的价值、价格”，用于一般人所作的“估计”. (3)evaluate很少用来表示“估价”或“估计”某物的市场价值，而是表示“评价”。 (4)estimate表示的“估价”或“估计”只是猜测，多多少少有些不准确的估计，甚至只是一种想法。 The value of this propert
14、y was assessed at one million dollars.这财产的价值估定为一百万美元。 He valued the ring at $80.他估计这枚戒指值80美元。 By marks in numbers or letters，the teacher evaluates a students work. 老师用数字或字母的符号来评价学生的作业。 We got two or three estimates before having the roof repaired. 我们修理屋顶之前先找了两三家估价。,即学即用,She looked at the house and _
15、 its price at 200,000 yuan.Afixed Baccessed Cevaluated Dassessed解析：词语辨析考查。fix“修理”；access入口，进入获 取；evaluate“评价”；assess“估计”；句意为：她看了看房子估价为二十万元。答案：D,6rescue vt.&n.拯救；救援；营救精讲拓展rescue sb.from将某人从中解救出来come/go to ones rescue援救或帮助某人典型例句She died when trying to rescue her children from the blaze.她在试图从大火中救出自己的孩子
16、时身亡。朗文当代Hundreds are still in the water，waiting to be rescued.数以百计的人仍在水中，等待救援。朗文当代A rescue team is trying to reach the trapped miners.营救队正设法到达矿工被困的位置。朗文当代I didnt know anybody at the party，but the hostess came to my rescue(helped me out of a difficult situation) by introducing me to a few people.在聚会上
17、我谁也不认识，但女主人过来救了我的驾，把我介绍给几个客人。剑桥高阶,词语辨析 rescue/save (1)rescue多指在直接的危险或祸患中给予迅速而有效的救 援，一般指救人。 (2)save是普通而含义广泛的常用词，指通过救援不但使受害 者(人、动物或物)能脱离危险或祸患，而且使其在今后能安 全地生存下去，有时可与rescue通用。 He sacrificed his life to rescue another. 他为了救别人而牺牲了自己的生命。 I saved the animals from the flood. 我把动物从洪水中救了出来。,即学即用,The lifeboat wa
18、s sent out to_ the sailors from the sinking ship. Arescue Bprevent Cprotect Dkeep 解析：句意为：救生艇已被派出去营救沉船中的水手。rescue“营救”；prevent“阻止”；protect“保护”；keep“保持，保存”。通过分析可知A项正确。 答案：A,7primitive adj.原始的；简陋的精讲拓展(1)同义词：original adj.最初的，原始的(2)反义词：present adj.现在的；modern adj.近代的，现代的(3) primitive有两方面的含义：表示某事物远古的。如：They
19、 found a primitive tool in the mountain.他们在山上发现一件原始工具。表示某工具粗糙的、简陋的。如：The natives of that region still live in primitive straw huts.那个地区的居民依然住在简陋的茅草屋里。,典型例句 Primitive man made himself primitive tools from sharp stones and animal bones. 原始人用尖石块和兽骨为自己制作原始的工具。朗文当代 Small seashells were often used as a pr
20、imitive kind of money. 小贝壳常被用作简单的货币。朗文当代 Early settlers had to cope with very primitive living conditions. 早期殖民者不得不应付非常原始的生存条件。剑桥高阶,即学即用,Living conditions in the village are still quite _.Amodern Bprimitive Ctheoretical Dfarreaching解析：本题考查词语辨析。句意为：在这个村庄的生活条件仍然是非常简单朴素的。modern“现代的”，primitive“原始的”；theo
21、retical“理论上的；假设的”；farreaching“影响深远的”。答案：B,8permit vt.允许，准许精讲拓展同义词：allow vt.允许；反义词：forbid vt.禁止permit sth./doing sth.允许某事/做某事permit sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事警示误区：permit的过去式，过去分词须双写最后一个 字母t再加ed，即：permitted，permitted。它的现在分词为permitting。,词语辨析 permit/allow/let/promise (1)permit指强调权威性的正式批准。常用句型“permit sb.to do
22、sth.”或“permit doing sth.”。 (2)allow意为“允许”，暗含有默许，放纵之意。常用句型“allow sb.to do sth.”或“allow doing sth.”。 (3)let指允许或无力阻止某事，暗指对某事采取漠不关心，听之任之的态度。常用句型“let sb.do sth.”。 (4)promise主语允诺要干某事。常用句型 “promise sb.to do/promise that.”。 注意：可以说allow/permit sb.to do sth.不能说allow/permit to do sth.。类似的动词还有：advise，consider，f
23、orbid 等 。 Smoking is not allowed here.此处不许吸烟。 Smoking is not permitted here.此处禁止吸烟。 The nurse allowed him to remain there，though it was not permitted. 护士允许他呆在那里，尽管这是不允许的。 Dont let your child play with matches.别让孩子玩火柴 。,典型例句 The prison authorities permit visiting only once a month. 监狱部门只允许一月探监一次。剑桥高阶
24、 The rules of the club do not permit smoking. 这个俱乐部规定不准吸烟。朗文当代 The security system will not permit you to enter without the correct password. 口令不正确的话，安全系统是不会让你进入的。剑桥高阶 Ill come after the meeting if time permits. 如果时间许可的话 ，我开完会就来。朗文当代,即学即用,The students were not _ to leave the classroom without an ade
25、quate reason.Apermitted Badmitted Chope Dpromised解析：本题考查词语辨析。句意为：没有充分的理由学生们不允许离开教室。permit sb. to do sth sb.is permitted to do sth.“被允许做某事”。 admit意为“承认；允许进入”。 可以说 admit sb.to/inton.但不可说成 admit sb.to do sth.故A项正确 。答案：A,重点短语,1. in advance预先精讲拓展in advance of sth.在之前，超过on the advance 物价在上涨with the advanc
26、e of 随着的增加advance on/towards/upon 朝前进advanced in years 年老的，年事已高的典型例句Napoleons army advanced on Moscow.拿破仑的军队向莫斯科推进。朗文当代We had to pay the rent two weeks in advance.我们不得不提前两周交付租金。朗文当代She walked in advance of us，showing us the way.她走在前面给我们带路。美国传统,即学即用,We propose the state government to allocate money _
27、 to form the oldage insurance fund together with payment from other channels.Ain particular Bin all Cin advance Din return解析：句意为：我们建议国家财政事先就直接拨款，和其他渠道的缴费一起共同构成养老保险基金。 in particular尤其，特别；in all 总共；in return作为回 报；in advance提前，预先，C项符合题意。答案：C,2take over接替，接管精讲拓展take away拿走，带走；移去；消除take back退货；收回take dow
28、n拿下，取下；记下take in吸收，摄取；理解，领会，欺骗take off起飞；脱掉，拿去；取消take on承担；雇用take up开始从事，着手处理Take it easy.别紧张。/别着急 。/慢慢来。警示误区：take sb.over to.意为 “从一地送某人到另一 地”，而take sth.over( from sb.)意为“从某人手中接管”,典型例句 He took over from the previous headmaster in February. 他2月份接手了前任校长的工作。剑桥高阶 Im feeling too tired to drive any more，w
29、ill you take over? 我累得开不动车了，你来接手好吗？朗文当代 She was taken on as a laboratory assistant. 她受雇为实验室助理。剑桥高阶 I cant believe she was taken in by him. 我简直不敢相信她被他骗了。剑桥高阶,即学即用,Have you heard that CBS Records was _ by Sony?Ataken away Btaken down Ctaken over Dtaken up解析：句意为：你听说哥伦比亚广播公司的唱片公司已被索尼公司收购了吗？ take away“拿走
30、，带走”；take down“拿下，记下”；take over“接替，接管 ”；take up“开始从事，着手处理”。答案：C,3die of 死于精讲拓展(1)die from“由于而死”，表示由于外部原因而死。如：die from a wound/lack of food/an accident/overwork(2)die of表示由于某种内部原因而死 。如：die of cold/hunger/old age/lung cancer/heart disease/grief(3)die out逐渐消失；绝种(4)die away减弱(以致察觉不到)；淡化(5)die down逐渐减弱，降
31、低(6)be dying for/to do渴望，盼望警示误区：在疾病名称前，die of和die from均可。,典型例句 She died of cancer/hunger.她死于癌症/饥饿。朗文当代 The comedian continued to speak after the laughter died down. 笑声过后，那位喜剧演员继续说台词。美国传统 This custom has completely died out in the area. 这种习惯在这个地区已经完全消失了。朗文当代 Im dying to see that movie. 我非常想去看那部电影。美国传
32、统,即学即用,用适当的介词填空 He died _ an accident. This kind of animals has died _ in the world. She died _ old age. 答案：from out of,4rather than而不是精讲拓展(1)rather than而不是，在更大程度上，具有更充分的理由(2)rather adv.在一定程度上，相当，颇rather cold weather颇为寒冷的天气 (rather常修饰贬义词)(3)would rather do sth.than do sth.宁愿做某事而不做某事 或 would do sth.r
33、ather than do sth.(4)would rather sb.did/had done sth.宁愿某人做/做了某事(5)or rather更确切地说，更恰当地说,词语辨析 fairly/rather (1)fairly常用于表示既不好也不坏的一些性质。如： The weather was fairly cold( cold，but not very cold) 天气有点冷。 (2)rather在程度上强于fairly，并且常用来表示某种不好的或不适合的性质。如： Its rather cold( colder than I would like)天气相当冷。 不过英国人也可能把
34、rather用于他们非常喜欢的东西。如： I was rather pleased when I won the prize. 我获奖后颇为高兴。,典型例句 Rather than cause trouble，he left. 他不愿意惹麻烦，宁可离去。朗文当代 He came home very late last night，or rather very early in the morning. 他昨天夜里很晚才回 家 ，说得准确点 ，是今天凌晨才回家的。朗文当代 The job will take months rather than weeks. 完成这项工作需要几个月，而不是几周。
35、朗文当代 Id rather stay home tonight. 今晚我宁愿呆在家里。美国传统,即学即用,完成句子 I _ _ _ _ tomorrow _ today.我宁愿你明天来，不要今天来。 It is the driver rather than the old man that should _ _ _ the accident.是这位司机而不是这位老人该为这次事故负责任。答案：would rather you came；than be responsible for,重点句型,1By the year 2015，the clothing industry will have p
36、roduced new types of material that will remain stainless no matter what you spill on them.精讲拓展(1)by the year 2015“到2015年时”，结构：by 时间点，“到时候”。通常用于完成时态的句子中作时间状语。分为两种情况。by 表将来的时间点，句子用将来完成时。By four oclock tomorrow afternoon，I will have already finished all the work.到明天下午4点，我会早已干完所有的活儿了。by表过去的时间点，句子用过去完成时。
37、By the time he got here，I had already finished all the work.他到这儿的时候，我已干完了所有的活儿。,(2)将来完成时用于表示到将来某一时间已经完成的动作，结 构：willhave 过去分词。 By 2046，the population there will have risen to over 20 million. 到2046年时，那里的人口将会已经超过两千万。,即学即用,By the time Mother came back from work，I _ my homework.Afinished Bwas finished C
38、had finished Dwill finishBy the end of this year，we _ another two buildings.Awill build Bwill have built Chave built Dwill be building答案：C B,21,21,2By the year 2030，development in biochemistry and medical science will have made it theoretically possible for us to live for at least 150 years.精讲拓展句中ma
39、ke it theoretically possible for us to live.所用结构是：“make it形容词for sb.to do sth.”，“使某人做某事很”。其中的代词it作形式宾语，指代真正的宾语：不定式短语to live.。由于真正的宾语太长，故将其后置，而以it 代之。需注意的是，形式宾语只能用it充当，不可用别的指示代词。而用介词for 可以引出不定式动词的逻辑主语.,Generation gap makes it hard for parents and children to understand each other. 代沟使父母与孩子之间相互难以理解对方。
40、 Too many new words make it difficult for us to understand the passage. 太多的生词使我们难以理解这篇短文。 根据句子需要，该结构中的形容词可用比较级。如： The Internet makes it easier for us to learn about the world.互联网让我们了解世界变得容易多了。 Cellphones make it more convenient for people to get in touch with each other. 手机使人们联系更方便了。,即学即用,The bad we
41、ather made _ impossible for us to go camping. Athat Bit Cthis Dwhat Not knowing English made _ hard to live in the USA. Ait Bthat Cwhich Dthis 答案：B A,22,23,3In the West magnetism was not discovered until the fifteen century.精讲拓展until “直到”在句中作介词，与表时间的the fifteen century构成介词短语；until也可作连词，引导一个时间状语从句。un
42、til的用法分为两种情况。(1)用于肯定句中时，指谓语动词所表示的动作或状态一直延续到until所表示的时间为止，因此谓语动词要用延续性动词。World War went on until Japan declared unconditional surrender.第二次世界大战一直持续到日本宣布无条件投降为止。(肯定句，went on延续性动词)She was sick in bed until yesterday.她一直生病卧床休息到昨天为止。(肯定句，was sick in bed表状态，可延续)(2)用于否定句中，指谓语动词所表示的动作一直没有发生，直到until所表示的时间才发生，
43、谓语动词常用瞬间动词。She didnt go to bed until 12 oclock.她直到12点才上床睡觉。,即学即用,翻译句子 他在加利弗尼亚一直住到20岁。 _ 直到听到闹钟的铃声我才醒来。 _ 答案：He lived in California until he was twenty. I didnt wake up until I heard the alarm clock.,24,25,名师原创,1_ her personal room，she has another trailer(活动住房)where her teacher，Jan，conducts classes i
44、n history，spelling，reading，maths，science and health.AIn addition BIn addition to CBeside DExcept解析：本题考查词语辨析。句意为：除了她的私人住房外，她还有另外一间。in addition to“除了之外还有”，相当于besides。答案：B,2I was looking for some ways that would permit Max _ his feelings.Ashowing Bshowed Cto show Dshow解析：本题考查非谓语动词。句意为：我在寻找让Max表露感情的方法。p
45、ermit sb.to do sth.；permit doing sth.为固定搭配。答案：C,3The young nurse was very nervous when she _ in her first operation.Aresisted Binsisted Cdiseased Dassisted解析：考查动词搭配。句意为：那位年轻的护士在协助做第一项手术时非常紧张。A项为“抵抗”；B项为“坚持”，与题意不符；C项为形容词；D项为“帮助，协助”，故选D。答案：D,名词性从句(略),语法专练,1She had no idea _ Cork Street was，except _ it
46、 was near Bond Street.Awhat；what Bthat；that Cwhere；what Dwhere；that解析：句意为：她不知道Cork Street在哪儿，除了知道在Bond Street附近。第一空是idea的同位语从句，根据意思用where；第二空是介词except后的宾语从句，不缺内容，可用that引导，故选D。答案：D,2The argument remains extremely heated _ it is worthwhile for China to open its door to foreign cars.Athat Bwhich Cif Dw
47、hether解析：句意为：有关中国是否值得为外国汽车敞开门户这一问题仍在激烈的争论中。whether引导同位语从句，解释说明argument的内容。答案：D,3So far there is no proof _ people from other planets do exist.Ahow Bwhat Cwhich Dthat解析：考查同位语从句。句意为：到目前为止，没有证据证明其他行星上存在人类。proof意为“证据”，后面常接由连接词that引导的同位语从句，表示proof的内容。答案：D,4Chances are high_ China and Russia will make an agreement to build an oil pipeline.Awhen Bwhere Cthat Dwhich解析：此题考查同位语从句。that引导Chances的一个同位语从句，that在从句中不作成分。句意为：中俄两国达成要建立一条输油管道的协议的可能性是很大的。答案：C,
