1、专题七 形容词和副词第一节 形容词和副词辨析,河北中考五年命题规律及趋势 来源:gkstk.Com考纲要求 1.形容词(包括比较级和最高级 ) 2.副词(包括比较级和最高级)考查点 年份 题号 选项设置 分值28 patient/lucky/possible/traditional 1分来源:学优高考网gkstk40 lazy/noisy/hungry/sleepy 1分201744 helpful/harmful/peacefulpainful 1分2016 31 sweet/lucky/strange/funny 1分30 thankful/careful/useful/helpful 1
2、分41 heavy/full/much/long 1分201578 asleep 1分31 cute/strong/fast/straight 1分47 bored/tired/pleased/surprised 1分201454 little/good/great/bad 1分形容词词来源:学优高考网义辨析来源:学优高考网gkstk2013 47 good/bad/rich/poor 1分形容词副词混合辨析 2013 42quick/quickly/useful/usefully 1分2017 43 quietly/proudly/politely/suddenly 1分2015 33 ma
3、inly/really/possibly/hardly 1分2014 51 weakly/quickly/slowly/quietly 1分52 usually/ever/sometimes/never 1分副词词义辨析201351 often/ever/seldom/never 1分2017 74 carefulcarefully 1分2016 78 easyeasily 1分2015 77 safesafely 1分形容词副词转换2014 83 politepolitely 1分河北中考单项选择对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在对词义辨析比较等级，及形容词、副词的转化的考查上。对词义辨析的考查
4、侧重形容词词义的辨析，且侧重在语境中的应用。完形填空也侧重形容词或副词的词义辨析。词语运用则偏向形容词或副词的词性转换。预测2018年河北中考的单项选择和完形填空必定考查一道形容词或副词词义辨析。词语运用会考查一道形容词、副词转化。,河北中考重难点突破【满分点拨】一、形容词的用法及位置说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。1作定语，放在名词之前，复合不定代词之后。如：The nice girl is my sister.这个漂亮的女孩是我妹妹。I have something important to tell you.我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。注意：有少数形
5、容词只能作表语，不能作定语，如：alone，afraid，asleep ，awake，alive，well等。2作表语，放在系动词之后。如：He looks very happy.他看起来很开心。3作宾补，放在宾语之后，常与make，leave，keep等动词连用。如：You must keep your eyes closed.你必须闭上眼睛。二、某些形容词说明事物间的关系，如方位、时间、用途等，没有比较级的变化，如the same，different ，southern ， northern，Chinese，Japanese等。如：My answer is different from y
6、ours.我的答案和你的不一样。三、副词的作用、构成、分类和位置1副词的作用副词是表示行为特征或性状特征的词。主要以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句。在句中主要用作状语。如：Sometimes were very busy.2副词的构成构成 例词与形容词同形low，fast，late，early，much，deep，little，hard，only，back，just，well，enough，long，high，slow形容词后直接加ly sadsadly；polite politely辅音字母加y结尾的形容词改y为i再加ly happyhappily；angryangrily；busybus
7、ily辅音字母加le结尾时，去e加y simplesimply；gentlegently；terrible terribly少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加ly truetruly；due duly注意：(1)有些以ly 结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如：motherly，lovely，lively ，friendly ，lonely 。(2)有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加ly，意义有区别。常见的有：close adj./adv.靠近 closely adv.密切地high adj./adv.高 highly adv.高度地free adj./adv.免费
8、 freely adv.自由地late adj./adv.晚；迟 lately adv.近来deep adj./adv.深 deeply adv.深刻/深入地near adj./adv.邻近 nearly adv.几乎 /将近hard adj./adv.努力地 hardly adv.几乎不most adj./adv.最 mostly adv.主要地wide adj./adv.宽阔 widely adv.广泛地3.副词的分类和位置分类 位置 例词时间副词 一般放在句尾now现在then那时 today今天tomorrow明天yesterday 昨天before 前面 ago之前 soon很快on
9、ce曾经，以前at first首先at last最后just now刚才at once立刻，马上频度副词行为动词之前或助动词、情态动词及be动词之后twice两次daily天天，常常weekly每周，每周一次every day 每天every week每周every month每月 always总是，经常usually经常often 经常，常常sometimes有时ever曾经 never从来不地点副词 一般放在句尾here这儿there那儿upstairs楼上 downstairs楼下above 上边behind后边everywhere每个地方anywhere任何地方方式副词 放在不及物动词
10、之后或及物动词之前well好地，优质地badly 坏地，劣质地fast快速地hard难地；努力地happily快乐地loudly大声地luckily幸运地politely礼貌地 quickly快速地really 真正地safely安全地slowly缓慢地程度副词被修饰的形容词或副词前，情态动词或助动词之后。enough 修饰形容词或副词时须后置quite相当，完全，十分 rather相当，颇，有点 very非常 much许多 a lot许多 a little一点，一些 a bit少量 enough 足够 hardly几乎不 almost大多数疑问副词 通常置于句首疑问副词有when ，wher
11、e ，why，how，how long，how soon， how often，how far等。疑问副词常用来构成特殊疑问句。关系副词 用来引导宾语从句，放在句中关系副词有when ，where ，why，how等，关系副词常用来引导从句。四、形容词和副词辨析1形容词词义辨析近几年河北中考对形容词词义辨析的考查为必考点。在单项选择部分是偶考点。有时会涉及对某一类形容词词义辨析的考查，如性格描述类。在完形填空部分是必考点，越来越注重在具体语言环境下词义的区别，解答此类试题要知道不同的形容词所表达的具体含义。2副词词义辨析河北中考近5年单项选择中并没有考查副词词义辨析，但是完形填空中会涉及一道副
12、词词义辨析的试题，且偏向频度副词的考查。所以学生要重点掌握常见副词的词义和用法。3形容词和副词混合辨析河北中考中有很多形容词和副词形式相近的词。此类混合考法是河北中考试题的亮点。下面将这类最常见的形容词与副词加以归纳，以帮助学生区别它们的不同含义与用法，并能在实践中灵活地加以运用。(1)easy adj.容易的easily adv.容易地，轻松地如：Its easy to finish this task.完成这项任务很容易。That can be done easily.那很容易办到。(2)slow adj.慢的slowly adv.缓慢地，慢吞吞地如：Business was rather
13、 slow last month.上个月生意不太景气。He slowly walked up the path.He walked up the path slowly.Slowly he walked up the path.他慢慢地走在小路上。(3)clear adj.清楚的，明白的，清晰的clearly adv.清楚地，明白地，清晰地如：The book is so clear that I can easily understand it.这本书很清晰，我很容易理解。He spoke so clearly that I could hear every word.他说得很清楚，我可以听
14、到每一个字。(4)close adj.紧密的，亲密的，亲近的closely adv.紧密地，仔细地，细心地如：Lily and I are close friends.我和莉莉是知己。The little baby was closely looked after by her.这个小婴儿被她细心照料着。(5)hard adj.坚硬的，难的hardly adv.几乎不如：Tom thinks that it is hard to learn English well.汤姆认为学好英语很难。He can hardly speak English，can he？他不太会说英语，对吧？(6)most
15、 adj.最多的，大多数的mostly adv.主要地，大部分，在大多数场合如：Most of us agreed his plan.我们大多数人都同意他的计划。You mostly need to listen and read.你主要需要听和阅读。(7)near adj.近的，亲密的nearly adv.几乎，差不多如：My home is near to school.我家离学校很近。You spend nearly half of your life on your job.你将几乎半生投入到你的工作中。(8)quick adj.快的，急速的quickly adv.快地，急速地如：Be
16、 quick， or we will be late.快点，要不然我们就迟到了。You must resolve the situation quickly.你必须快速解决这种局面。(9)useful adj.有用的，有益的，有帮助的usefully adv.有用地，有效地如：There is something useful.I hope it can help you.这儿有一些有用的东西，我希望它可以帮助到你。The money can be used usefully to help him.这笔钱用来帮助他会非常有价值。(10)bad adj.坏的，不好的，严重的badly adv.
17、不好地，很大程度上如：I think it is a very bad article.我认为那是一篇低劣的文章。The whole project was badly managed.整个项目管理不善。(11)careful adj.仔细的，小心的carefully adv.仔细地，小心地如：Lily is so careful that there is no mistake in her composition.莉莉如此小心以至于她的作文中没有任何错误。He put glass down carefully.他小心翼翼地放下玻璃杯。【考点抢测】一、单项选择( B )1.(2017 温州中
18、考)Seeing a bird resting by the window, the boy moved_to have a look at it.Apolitely B quietly Ceasily D safely( C )2. (2017苏州中考)Millie, now go to have a nice bath and an early night, so that you will be_for the journey tomorrow.Asafe Bpatient C fresh D.natural( B )3.(2017 沧州东光一模)The host(主持人)Huang X
19、i of Is It True? is so_that we laugh all through the program.Aharmful B humorousCnecessary Dabsent( C )4.(2017 保定二模)To get the job，Laura prepared the interview_Aimpossibly BsuccessfullyCcarefully Dincreasingly( B )5.(2016 邯郸二模)Tom ， you mustnt swim in the river.Its too _Asafe B dangerousCcareful Deasy( A )6.(2016 邯郸二模 )The teacher raised his voice so that we could hear him _Aclearly B quietly Cslowly Dquickly二、词语运用7(2016石家庄新华模拟)She makes me smile even when Im upset and laughs at _funny_(fun) things I say.8(2016石家庄42中模拟)You need to check _carefully_(care) for spelling mistakes after writing.
