1、专题十三 复合句,命题趋势( C )1.(2017山东中考) Excuse me，do you know _？On foot.Awhat Alice came to doBwhere Alice came fromChow Alice came here( C )2.(2017成都中考)A kind of shared bike _ is called bluegogo is getting more and more popular in Chengdu.Ait Bwho Cwhich( B )3.(2017海南中考)I wont talk about that with Kate _ sh
2、e wants.Abecause Bunless Cafter( C )4.(2017成都中考)Many people still try to climb Qomolangma every year _ it is very dangerous.Awhen B if Cthough( C )5.(2017宜宾中考)I dont know when he _ back.Please tell me when he _ back.Acomes ；comes B comes；will come Cwill come；comes( A )6.(2017乐山中考 )Do you know _ next
3、 Friday，Lily?If it doesnt rain，we will.Aif we will take a field tripBwill we take a field tripCwhy we will take a field trip在近年的中考中，对复合句的考查主要面向：1宾语从句(引导词、语序、时态 )。2定语从句(关系词的选用)。3状语从句(时间、地点、原因、目的等 )。,考点细化一、宾语从句在复合句中，放在动词或者介词后面起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。1宾语从句的引导词引导词 例句当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that 引导。that无意义时，可省略。We found (t
4、hat) mom had known the secret.我们发现妈妈知道了那个秘密。当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用whether，if 引导。 if/whether是“是否”的意思。The boy asked his mom if he could drink Coke.男孩问他的妈妈他是否能喝可乐。当特殊疑问句充当宾语从句时，用what，who， where，when，how，why ，which，whose等特殊疑问词引导。Do you know who he is looking for? 你知道他在找谁吗？Just watch what he does.只是看看他做什么。2.宾语
5、从句的语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都要用陈述句语序，其构成是：主句引导词陈述句语序(主谓语序)。如：We dont know where he lives.我们不知道他住在哪里。Do you know where he lives？你知道他住在哪里吗？3宾语从句的时态在宾语从句中，谓语动词的时态要和主句中谓语动词的时态保持一致，其一般规律为：规律 例句主过从过：主句中的谓语动词如果是一般过去时，从句中的谓语动词要用相对应的过去时态。The police asked the boy where his mom was.警察问男孩他妈妈在哪儿。主现从不限：主句中的谓语动词如果是一般现在
6、时，从句中的谓语动词可以用任何时态。We dont know when he was born.我们不知道他生于何时。真理不变：如果从句所说的是客观真理或事实，从句中的谓语动词则要用一般现在时。The old told us the earth goes round the sun.老人告诉我们地球围绕太阳转。4.宾语从句与简单句的转换由连接代词或连接副词what，how ，where 等引导的宾语从句可转换为“疑问词不定式”结构。如： She hasnt decided where she will go on holiday.She hasnt decided where to go on
7、 holiday.她还没决定去哪里度假。Could you tell me how I can make fruit salad? Could you tell me how to make fruit salad? 你能告诉我怎么做水果沙拉吗？二、定语从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句；被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。关系代词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又在定语从句中充当句子成分。引导定语从句的关系词有：关系代词：who，whom， that，whose，which；关系副词：when，where ，why 。如：The man who
8、 lives next to us is a policeman.住在我们隔壁的那个人是个警察。1关系词的选用先行词 引导词 例句Jimmy is the man who/that has won the first prize.吉米就是那个获得一等奖的人。(who/that作主语，不能省略) 来源:学优高考网gkstk来源:学优高考网先行词指人时，引导词通常用who (作主语或宾语)，whom (作宾语)，that (作主语或宾语) 。作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。来源:gkstk.ComThe man (that/who/whom) we all like is our headte
9、acher.我们大家都喜欢的人是我们的班主任。 (that/who/whom 作宾语，可省略) 先行词指物时，可用that/which (作主语/宾语)引导。若前面有介词时，只能用which 。The book that/which is thicker is mine.那本厚些的书是我的。(which/that作主语，不能省略) This is the park (which) we visited last week.(which/that作宾语，可省略) The knife with which I cut the apples is very sharp.我用来切苹果的那把刀很锋利。(
10、介词which) 先行词与定语从句中某个名词有所属关系，表示“ 的 ”时，要用关系代词 whose作定语。The math book whose cover is red is hers.封面是红色的那本数学书是她的。先行词为表示时间的词，且在定语从句中作时间状语时，常用关系副词when 。I will never forget the days when we studied together in America.我永远不会忘记我们一起在美国学习的那些日子。先行词为表示地点的词，且在定语从句中作地点状语时，常用关系副词where。We spent two weeks in the city
11、 where we met for the first time.我们在初次相遇的城市里待了两周。先行词为reason(原因)，且在从句中作原因状语时，要用关系副词why。Nobody knows the reason why she left this company.没有人知道她离开这家公司的原因。注意：关系副词when，where 只能在从句中作状语，不可充当主语或宾语。2只能用关系代词that的情况类别 例句先行词前面有形容词最高级时The most famous style that is created by her is the short hair.她引领的最为人们熟知的时尚潮
12、流就是短发。先行词为all，much，little ，something，anything，everything，nothing 等不定代词或被其修饰时Please move out all the desks that are old.请把所有旧桌子搬出去。Is there anything that I can do for you？我可以为你做些什么吗？先行词被序数词修饰时The first thing that we should do is to get some food.我们要做的第一件事就是获得一些食物。先行词前有the one ，the only，the last，the v
13、ery，the same 等词修饰时The only thing that I want to do now is to have a big meal.我现在唯一想做的事就是大吃一顿。先行词同时包含人和物时I can see many people and buildings that is reflected on the lake.我能看到湖面上倒映出许多的人和建筑。主句是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句时 Who is the girl that spoke to you just now？刚刚和你说话的那个女孩是谁？3.只用which引导的定语从句，不用that的情况(1)关系代
14、词前有介词时(of ，for ，with，in ，on)。如：I want to find the pen with which I wrote the letter.我想找到我用来写信的钢笔。只用who引导的定语从句，不用 that的情况有：(2)当先行词为everyone ，someone，no one，nobody，everybody，somebody等表示人的不定代词时。如：Is there anyone who can answer the question？有人可以回答这个问题吗？(3)当先行词为those时。如：Those who go to the park stay here
15、.去公园的人留在那里。三、状语从句在复合句中，做状语成分的从句叫状语从句，常见的状语从句可分为：时间、原因、条件、方式、让步、比较、结果、目的等从句(见连词用法 )。1时间状语从句时间状语从句的引导词有when (当时)，as (当时) ，while (当时)，till/until (直到)，since (自从 以来)，before (在 之前) ，after (在之后) ，as soon as (一就)等。引导词 意义 例句when(当时) when引导的时间状语从句中既可接延续性动词，也可接非延续性动词，多用一般过去时。They were talking happily when I wa
16、lked past the door.当我走过那扇门时，他们正在愉快地谈话。while(当时) while强调主句和从句动作同时发生，所引导的时间状语从句只能用延续性动词，且多用进行时态。My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.当我正在做作业时，我妈妈正在做饭。as(当时) 强调从句动作伴随主句动作发生，所引导的从句中既可接延续性动词，也可接非延续性动词。As they walked along the lake，they sang happily.当他们沿湖散步时，他们快乐地唱歌。before(在之前) before引导的从句表
17、示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前。We turned off the light before we left.我们在离开前关了灯。after(在之后) after引导的从句表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。He went to bed after he finished his work.他做完工作后就去睡觉了。as soon as(一就) as soon as表示“一 就”，若主句为一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时表将来。I will throw away the broken shoes as soon as I buy a new pair.等我一买到新鞋我就会把这双破的鞋扔掉。2.原因状
18、语从句原因状语从句的引导词有because(因为)，since( 因为；既然)，as(因为；由于) ，for( 因为) 等。如：He didnt come to school yesterday because he was ill.他昨天没来上学，因为他生病了。Since you are free，you can help him.既然你没什么事，你可以帮帮他。David just waited there as he didnt know what to do.因为不知道该做什么，大卫就等在那儿。The Smiths had to start early，for there was a l
19、ong way to go.史密斯一家不得不早早动身，因为有很长的路要走。注意：because和so 不能同时使用。3条件状语从句条件状语从句的引导词有if(如果)，unless( 除非；如果不)等。引导词 规律 例句if 如果， 主将从现 He will return if he finds the truth.如果他发现真相，他就会返回。unless 除非， 主将从现 You will fail the test unless you study hard.除非你努力学习，否则你将考试不及格。4.地点状语从句地点状语从句的引导词有where(哪里)，wherever(无论哪里)。如： Id
20、 like to go where the air is very fresh.我想去空气非常清新的地方。Wherever you go，Ill be right here waiting for you.无论你去哪儿，我都会在这儿等你。5比较状语从句比较状语从句的引导词有as as(和一样) ，than(比) 等。如：Peter is not as tall as his brother.彼得不像他哥哥那么高。6目的状语从句目的状语从句的引导词有so that(以便) ，in order that(为了)等。如：He stood up so that/in order that he cou
21、ld see the blackboard clearly.他站起来，以便能清楚地看到黑板。7结果状语从句结果状语从句的引导词有sothat/suchthat (如此以至于)等。引导词 结构 例句sothat so形容词/副词 that从句She is so beautiful that we all like her.她如此漂亮以至于我们都喜欢她。sucha/an 形容词可数名词单数that从句He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him.他是如此聪明的男孩，以至于每个人都喜欢他。such形容词不可数名词that从句Its such fine
22、 weather that all of us want to go to the mountain.天气如此好以至于我们都想去爬山。suchthat such形容词名词复数that从句They are such lovely flowers that the girl buys all of them.那些花如此好看以至于那个女孩把它们都买了。注意：(1)当名词前有much，many，little，few等词修饰时，只能用so。如：There is so much water left that its enough for a sevenday trip.所剩的水还很多，足够维持7天的旅程
23、。(2)当little 意为 “小”时，仍用 such。如：Its such a little sheep that we are worried about whether it can survive the winter.这只羊这么小，我们都担心它是否能熬过冬天。 8让步状语从句让步状语从句的引导词有though/although( 虽然)，even though/if(即使；尽管) 等。如：Although/Though shes not beautiful，shes kind and sincere.虽然不漂亮，但她善良而真诚。注意：although/though不能和 but连用。
24、,小试牛刀( C )1.(2017鄂州中考) Do you know_？Yes， she is very kind and outgoing.Awhats his mother like Bwhat his mother likesCwhat his mother is like ( A )2.(2017荆州中考)Keep working hard，Paul.You will surely realize your dream of being a writer _ you give it up halfway.I will，thank you，Miss Rowling.Aunless Bif
25、 Csince ( B )3.(2017东营中考) A little monkey might feel sad because of having a new baby sister or brother!Yeah.I didnt know that_ I saw the film Born in China.Aif Buntil Csince ( A )4.(2017武威中考 )_you look after it carefully，this coat will keep you warm through many winters.AIf BUnless C Before ( C )5.
26、(2017沈阳中考)Were discussing why _ for our health.Aare fast food bad Bfast foods are badCfast food is bad ( A )6.(2017新疆中考 )_Jack was a little disappointed，he still went on with his work.AAlthough BBecause CSince ( A )7.(2017福建中考 )The students were singing happily_ I passed the school hall.Awhen Bunles
27、s Cthough( B )8.(2017沈阳中考) Could you please tell me _ get to Xiaogan East Station?You can take the No.2 Bus over there.Awhen we can Bhow we canCwhen can we( A )9.(2017泰安中考 )Yesterday，Mr.Green went to his hometown and visited the old house _ he was born in.Awhich B where Cwhat ( C )10.(2017泰安中考) The light in Bills office is still on.I wonder _Maybe at midnight again.Aif will he stop working Bwhy he works so hardCwhen he will stop working请完成精练本第13页作业必背知识笔记：_
