1、专题四 形容词和副词第一节 形容词和副词辨析,遵义中考五年命题规律及趋势考纲要求 1.形容词(包括比较级和最高级) 2.副词( 包括比较级和最高级)考查点 年份 题号 选项设置 分值41来源:学优高考网gkstkserious and boring/gentle_and_wise /meaningless and scary1.5分来源:学优高考网来源:学优高考网76 differentdifferent 1分82 nationnational 1分201685 growgrowing 1分27fifteen years olds/fifteenyearolds /fifteenyearsol
2、d1分201579 proudproud 1分85 lucklucky 1分201486 tallertall 1分41 hungry/thirsty /full 1.5分43four days/fourth_day /fourday1.5分46the other/another /other1.5分48 sweet /bitter/terrible 1.5分84 relaxrelaxed 1分89 botheither 1分形容词词来源:学优高考网义辨析201390 personpersonal 1分31 quickly/seriously /proudly 1分201745 soon/of
3、ten /never 1.5分42 early/slowly/easily 1.5分80 wellwell 1分201687some times sometimes 1分副词词义辨析2015 26 How/Which/ 1分Why 88 suchso 1分22do something to/only /do nothing besides1分201431How soon/How long/How_far 1分2016 26 happy/happiness/happily 1分2015 39 friendly/lovely/quickly 1.5分形容词、副词混合辨析2013 49 What/H
4、ow/Why 1.5分81 easyeasily 1分201789 softly soft 1分2015 83 completecompletely 1分2014 79 heavy heavily 1分形容词、副词转换2013 85 happyunhappily 1分往年遵义中考单项选择及完形填空对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在对词义辨析及比较等级的考查上。对词义辨析的考查侧重形容词词义的辨析，且侧重在语境中的应用。对形容词与副词混合辨析设置的选项为简单句，考查主要集中在对词义辨析及同根的形容词和副词。如：what，how，why ；friendly，lovely，quickly； unusua
5、lly，usually，usual 等。语篇填空、单词拼写及改错题偏向词性转换和比较等级的考查。预计2018年遵义中考必定考查12道形容词或副词词义辨析或比较等级。完形填空会涉及一道形容词或副词词义辨析。短文填空及短文改错主要涉及词性的转换及比较等级的考查。学生必须注意区分同根形容词与其ly结尾词的意义区别，如：true与 truly；heavy与heavily。同时也要注意名词，副词与形容词或副词的转换规律。,遵义中考重难点突破【满分点拨】一、形容词的用法及位置说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。1作定语，放在名词之前，复合不定代词之后。如：The nice
6、 girl is my sister.这个漂亮的女孩是我妹妹。She has something special to give you.她有特殊的东西给你。注意：有少数形容词只能作表语，不能作定语，如alone，afraid，asleep ，awake，alive，well等。2作表语，放在系动词之后。如：He looks very happy.他看起来很开心。3作宾补，放在宾语之后，常与make，leave，keep等动词连用。如：You must keep your eyes closed.你必须闭上眼睛。4某些形容词说明事物间的关系，如方位、时间、用途等，没有比较级的变化，如the s
7、ame， different，southern，northern，Chinese，Japanese等。如：My answer is different from yours.我的答案和你的不一样。二、副词的作用、构成、分类和位置1副词的作用副词是表示行为特征或性状特征的词。主要以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句。在句中主要用作状语。如：Sometimes were very busy.有时我们非常忙。2副词的构成构成 例词与形容词同形。low，fast，late，early，much，deep，little，hard，only，back，well，enough，long，high形容词后直接加
8、ly。 sadsadly；polite politely辅音字母加y 结尾的形容词改y为i再加ly 。 happyhappily；angry angrily；busybusily辅音字母加le结尾时，去e加y。 simplesimply；terribleterribly；gentlegently少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加ly。 truetruly；due duly注意：有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如：motherly，lovely ，lively，friendly，lonely。有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加ly，意义有区别。常见的有：c
9、lose adj./adv.接近/靠近 closely adv.密切地high adj./adv.高的/在高处 highly adv.高度地free adj./adv.自由的/免费 freely adv.自由地late adj./adv.晚/迟 lately adv.近来deep adj./adv.深的/深深地 deeply adv.深刻/深入地near adj./adv.近的/近 nearly adv.几乎；将近hard adj./adv.坚固的/努力地 hardly adv.几乎不most adj./adv.大多数的/大多数 mostly adv.主要地wide adj./adv.宽的/充
10、分地 widely adv.广泛地3.副词的分类和位置分类 位置 例词时间副词 一般放在句尾。now现在；then 那时；today 今天；tomorrow明天；yesterday昨天；before前面；ago 之前； soon很快；once曾经；以前频度副词实义动词之前或第一个动词、情态动词及 be动词之后。twice两次；daily天天；常常；weekly每周；每周一次；always总是；经常usually经常；often经常；常常；sometimes 有时； ever曾经； never从来不地点副词 一般放在句尾。here这儿；there那儿；upstairs楼上；downstairs楼
11、下；above上边； behind后边；everywhere每个地方；anywhere任何地方方式副词放在不及物动词之后或及物动词之前(或宾语之后)。well好地； badly劣质地；fast快速地；hard难地；努力地；happily快乐地；loudly大声地； luckily幸运地；politely礼貌地； really真正地；safely安全地程度副词被修饰的形容词或副词前，情态动词或助动词之后。enough修饰形容词或副词时须后置。quite相当；完全；十分；rather相当；颇；有点；very非常；much许多；a lot许多；a little一点；一些；a bit少量；enough
12、足够；hardly 几乎不；almost大多数疑问副词 通常置于句首。疑问副词有when，where，why，how，how long，how soon，how often，how far等。关系副词 用来引导宾语从句。有when ，where ，why，how 等，关系副词常用来引导从句。三、形容词、副词辨析1形容词词义辨析近几年遵义中考对形容词词义辨析的考查为必考点。2副词词义辨析遵义中考近5年单项选择中并没有考查副词词义辨析，但是完形填空中会涉及一道副词词义辨析的试题，且偏向频度副词的考查。3形容词副词混合辨析遵义中考中有很多形容词和副词形式相近的词。此类混合考法是遵义中考试题的亮点。下
13、面将这部分最常见的形容词与副词加以归纳。(1)Its easy for me to finish this task.I can finish this task easily.我完成这项任务很容易。(2)He walked up the path slowly.Slowly he walked up the path.他慢慢地走在小路上。(不能使用slow)(3)The book is so clear that I can easily understand it.这本书很清晰，我很容易理解。( 不使用clearly)(4)Tom thinks that it is hard to lea
14、rn English well.汤姆认为学好英语很难。He can hardly speak English，can he？他不太会说英语，对吧？(5)You mostly need to listen and read.你主要需要听和阅读。( 不能用形容词most)(6)You spend nearly half of your life on your job.你几乎将半生投入到你的工作中。(不能用形容词near)(7)Be quick，or we will be late.快点，要不然我们就迟到了。(不用副词quickly)(8)The money can be used usefull
15、y to help him.这笔钱用来帮助他会非常有价值。(不能用useful)(9)The whole project was badly managed.整个项目管理不善。 (不能用形容词bad来修饰动词manage)(10)Lily is so careful that there is no mistake in her composition.莉莉如此小心以至于她的作文中没有任何错误。 (be动词之后不能用副词carefully)【考点抢测】一、单项选择。( B )1.(威海中考)Grandma is rather deaf，so you must speak clearly and
16、 _ to her.Aquietly Bloudly Cnoisily( B )2.In a green school everyone agrees to be _ about the environment.Anervous B careful Chonest( C )3.(滨州中考改编)Teenagers should be encouraged to go _ and be close to nature.Ainside Bback Coutside( B )4.My friend Frank sings well，and he is _good at playing the guit
17、ar.Anot Balso Cyet( C )5.Helen was so excited at the news that she could _ say a word.Aever Balmost Chardly( A )6.The fish tastes _，we have eaten it up.It is certain that she cooked it _.Agood；well Bwell ；good C well；well二、短文改错。Have you ever wanted to write a song？Two sister sistersMildred and Patty
18、 Hill，once write a little song.wrote It was a happily song that they loved to sing.It was happy calling Good Morning to You.However，most other people called didnt know the song very well.A day，Mildred and Patty One had idea.It turned out(证明)to be a very bad idea.an good They changed the words of the song.They called the new song Happy Birthday to You.Theirs short birthday song is Their now very famous.Almost everybody know the words.Did knows anyone sing it at your a birthday party?
