1、高等院校研究生英语系列教材 综合教程（上） INTEGRATED COURSE Unit 7 Exploring Human Nature Content Starting out Reading Focus Reading More Practical Translation Focused Writing Final Project Task 1 What distinguishes human beings from other animals? Work with your partner to list the behavior that is unique to human bei
2、ngs, that is unique to other animals and that they have in common. (P191) Starting out Based on what youve listed above, discuss with your partner the differences between human beings and other animals in terms of their nature and instincts. (P191) Starting out- Task 1 Reference: Animal instinct is
3、ruled by desires, emotions and needs that have to be fulfilled regardless of the time and place. While human nature, which is also driven by those needs, emotions and desires, is mostly controlled by brain, which is related to logic, morals, backgrounds, religions, etc. When control is not present,
4、our nature is basically nothing but animal instinct. Task 2 The following viewpoints concerning human nature were contended by three prominent philosophers in ancient China. Who do you agree with? Do you agree completely or partly? Give specific examples to support your opinion. (P191) Starting outT
5、ask 2 Confucius: humans (or at least male humans) possess the capacity for perfection, although they must consciously strive to actualize it. Mencius: human nature is good, and people are naturally inclined toward virtue. Unfortunately, the negative elements of society tend to corrupt many people, a
6、nd only a few are able to overcome them. Laozi: humans at birth are like uncarved blocks of wood (pu) and as they get older, society molds and shapes them. Education brutalizes people and creates the seeds of social turmoil and negative behavior. Starting outTask 2 Task 3 Read the following story ab
7、out Jimmy and discuss with your partner the questions that follow the story. (P192) Starting out-Task 3 Questions for discussion: 1. What made Jimmy become a thief before his arrest? 2. Was it his destiny, his nature, his life experience, living environment or something else that shaped his behavior
8、? Sad Movies Listen to “Sad Movies”, a song which tells a sentimental story, and do the following tasks: Starting out 1. Complete the lyrics by filling in the blanks with missing words; 2. Describe the characters of “I”, “my darling” and “my best friend”; 3. Tell which of these characters are univer
9、sal to human beings, or in other words, are in the nature of all human beings. Sad Movies Sad movies always make me cry He said he had to work so I went to the _ alone They turned down the _ and turned the projector on And just as the news of the world started to begin I saw my darling and my best f
10、riend _ in _ I was sitting there they didnt see And so they sat right down in front of me When he kissed her lips I almost _ And in the middle of the color _ I started to cry Oh-oh-oh sa-a-a-d movies always make me cry Oh-oh-oh sa-a-a-d movies always make me cry show lights walk Though died cartoon
11、Starting out And so I _ up and slowly walked on home And mama saw the _ and said, Whats wrong? And so to keep from telling her a _ I just said sa-a-a-d movies make me cry Oh-oh-oh sa-a-a-d movies always make me cry Oh-oh-oh sa-a-a-d movies always make me cry Ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh Ooh, ooh, ooh, oo
12、h Sa-a-a-d movies make me cry got tears lie Starting out On Human Nature Reading Focus Global Understanding 2 Detailed Information 3 Critical Thinking 4 Language Points 5 Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action 6 Background Information 1 Watch a video clip from the American hit TV drama series Prison Bre
13、ak, and discuss with the group: Michael Scofield said at the end of the clip: “The man youre talking about died the moment I stepped into these walls.” Do you think Sara, the prison doctor, would take his word for it? Background Information Reading Focus Global Understanding 1 Introduction 2 Body 3
14、Conclusion (Para. 1) (Paras. 2-9) (Para. 10) Introduction _ _ _ _ Reading Focus Global Understanding Human nature is the basis of character, the temperament and disposition; it is that indestructible matrix upon which the character is built, and whose shape it must take and keep throughout life. _ _
15、 H. Mans inherent goodness is revealed by his countless acts of heroism, unselfishness and sacrifice. Reading Focus Global Understanding _ of human nature A. The basic nature of human beings does not and cannot change. B. No one wishes his nature to change. C. Human nature is ever true to itself, no
16、t to systems of faith or education. D. The constancy of human nature is proverbial. E. Human nature can be studied, controlled and directed. F. Mans spirit is perfect, only the personality and the physical body Body G. Mans majesty and nobility are taken for granted. Only behaviors become imperfect.
17、 deviated from the normal attract attention. Characteristics Conclusion _ Reading Focus Global Understanding only endeavor to understand man as he is. Human nature does not and cannot change; we can Task 2 Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the sentence from the text. (P198) Key:
18、 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 A D C C D B B A Reading Focus Detailed Information Critical Thinking Reading Focus The following are two sentences from the text (P200): 1. The constancy of human nature is proverbial, as no one believes that a man can fundamentally change his nature. 2. A study of history reveals t
19、hat the people who walked this earth in antiquity were moved by the same fundamental forces, were swayed by the same passions, and had the same aspirations as the men and women of today. Reading FocusCritical Thinking Step One Interpret the sentences in your own words and tell your partner whether y
20、ou agree with the author or not. Give specific examples to support your opinions. Step Two Discuss in groups the following questions (P200): Reading FocusCritical Thinking 1. As far as schools are concerned, what do you think they can do to make human nature closer to perfection? 2. According to the
21、 author, we can try to understand human nature. How do you think we can do this? 1. Each man sees himself as unique, and so far as he is concerned the hub of the universe, different from any other individual. (Para. 3) In this sentence, the stem part is “each man sees himself as unique and the hub o
22、f the universe”. so/as far as sb. be concerned: in the opinion of sb. e.g. 1)_(在美国人眼里 ), a lot of our hotels are below average. 2)_(在我看来 ), you can forget about it. Reading Focus Language Point As far as Americans are concerned As far as Im concerned as far as sth. be concerned or where sth. is conc
23、erned: under the circumstances that concern sth. e.g. 1) As far as traffic is concerned, there are no delays at the moment. 2) Where work is concerned, I always try to do my best. 翻译： 每个人都把自己看成是独特个体，而且，就他 而言，他就是宇宙的中心，有别于其他任何人。 Reading Focus Language Point 2. Apologies are in order when Mr. Smith is
24、mistaken for Mr. Jones. (Para. 3) be in order: 1) be in a situation in which everything is conrolled, well-organised or correctly arranged e.g. (1) Please see that this room is in order when the visiors arrive. (2) I want you to arrange these in order, putting the largest first, then the next, and s
25、o on. 2) to be a suitable thing to do or say on a particular occasion e.g. (1) Is it in order to ask the speaker questions at the meeting? (2) At the end of a program, applause for the performers is in order. Reading Focus Language Point 3) (an official document) to be legal and correct e.g. (1) Is
26、your immigration papers in order? (2) I have examined the account books, and found them in order. 4) Something one does to be allowed by the rules in a committee,court parliament etc. e.g. Is it in order for me to park my car outside the building? Reading Focus Language Point mistake for : to wrongl
27、y think that someone or something is someone or something else e.g. 1) A woman mistook him for a well-known actor, and asked him for his autograph. 2) The doctor mistook the symptoms for blood poisoning. took/mistook for mistake/take for/to be took for take for Reading Focus Language Point 辨析 : mist
28、ake for 和 take . for/to be. I _ him _ his brother. They are extremely alike. Did you _ the margarine _ butter? We _ him _ a coward, but we soon found out our mistake. Do you _ me _ a fool? 3. No two people will ever draw the same conclusions from the same experiences, but each must interpret events
29、and fit them into the mosaic of his own lifes pattern. (Para. 4) fit into 1) to be part of a group or system e.g. 1) Most film locations broadly fit into two categories; those on private property and those in a public place. 2) Unless the item is a very short one, I am afraid we can not fit it into
30、the programme. 2) to be accepted by the people in a group or organization e.g. She fitted into the team very well. 翻译 : 两个人从相同的经历中不会得出相同的结论，但是两 个人会各自分析这些事件并将它们融合到自己丰富的 生活模式中去。 Reading Focus Language Point 4. Human nature is ever true to itself, not to systems of faith or education. (Para. 4) Paraphr
31、ase: Human nature is loyal to itself, instead of to any systems of faith or external teachings. Reading Focus Language Point 5. Each holds to the structure of the mold into which the soul was cast at the time of its individualization. (Para. 4) Paraphrase: Each human nature sticks to the characteris
32、tics and limitations of the mold where the soul is formed and develops its individualities. 辨析 hold to vs. hold on to hold to: to believe or behave according to a belief, principle, promise etc. hold on to: to keep something rather than losing it, selling it or giving it to someone else Reading Focus Language Point
