1、Unit 2 Language【美文阅读】The official UN languages在目前尚存的数千种语言中，使用人口超过 100 万的语言有 140 多种，但使用最为广泛的是联合国的六种官方语言。The United Nations was founded in 1945 after World War to stop wars between countries，and to provide a platform for dialogue.The headquarters of the United Nations is in New York.There are 193 memb
2、ers now.The official languages of the United Nations are the six languages.They are Arabic，Chinese，English，French，Russian and Spanish.When the UN was founded，five official languages were chosen： English，French ，Chinese，Russian and Spanish.Arabic was added in 1973.There languages are used at meetings
3、.They are also used for the dissemination(宣传)of official documents.These six languages are all working languages in the General Assembly(联合国大会)and in the Economic and Social Council.They are also the working languages of the Security Council.The working languages at the UN Secretariat are only Engli
4、sh and French.Language Days at the UNIn 2010，the UNs Department of Public Information announced an initiative of six“language days”to be observed throughout the year，one for each official language，with the goal of celebrating linguistic diversity(语言的多样性)and learning about the importance of crosscult
5、ural communication.The days and their historical significance are：UN Arabic Language Day：December 18th.It is the date on which the United Nations General Assembly chose Arabic as the sixth official language of the United Nations in 1973.UN Chinese Language Day：April 20th.It is also the day to honor
6、Cang Jie，the ancient Chinese mythical figure who invented Chinese characters.UN English Language Day：April 23rd.The date is traditionally regarded as the death of William Shakespeare.UN French Language Day：March 20th.It is the date of International Francophonie Day(全球法语日) UN Russian Language Day：Jun
7、e 6th.It is the birthday of Alexander Pushkin.UN Spanish Language Day：October 12th.Its the date of Columbus Day.【诱思导学】1Which two languages are the working languages of the UN Secretariat?2When do people celebrate UN Chinese Language Day?【答案】 1.English and French. 2.On April 20th.Period Previewing(教师
8、用书独具)教学目标本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给出的内容的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，为下一堂课对课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。教学地位本课时主要讲述英语的发展历史，要求学生了解英语的历史及其发展，使学生通过阅读这篇文章掌握阅读此类文章的阅读策略和阅读技巧，提高学生的阅读能力和综合运用语言的能力，同时，培养学生提高对英语的认识，从而增加学习英语的兴趣。(教师用书独具)新课导入建议建议教师以 Brainstorm 的形式导入新课 : Ask students the following questions: 1.Are you good at English
9、? 2.What do you think is the most difficult part of studying Englishpronunciation，grammar，vocabulary or anything else? 3.Do you think English has always stayed the same?教学流程设计导入新课。学生阅读“美文阅读”与“诱思导学”(见学案第 23 页) 。学生就“美文阅读”进行讨论，统一答案。学生再次阅读课文(课本第 2223 页) 并完成“语篇理解” (见学案第 24 页)。师生共同讨论并统一答案。让学生快速阅读课文，(见课本 2
10、2 23 页) 并完成“篇章结构”(见学案第 24 页)。学生共同讨论，并让学生发表各自见解，最后统一答案。学生再次仔细阅读课文，(课本 2223 页)进行深度理解，并完成“课文缩写”( 见学案第 2425 页)。老师指导学生讨论，共同找出答案。让学生根据所给出的表格进行自我评估(见学案第 25 页) 。 学生讨论，并让学生代表发表他们讨论得出的答案，老师予以更正。让学生完成“知识初探”部分(见学案第 25 页) 。老师布置作业。让学生完成课本第 24 页 C1，C2 ，D 三题，预习学案 Period ( 见学案第 2530 页)。.篇章结构阅读 P2223 的 Reading 部分，完成下
11、列表格( 每空 1 词)Middle EnglishIn 1066By the latter half of the 6. centuryIn 1399The Normans 5. England and took control of the country.7. had come into widespread use among all classes in England.8. became King of England and used English for all official events.Modern English During the Renaissance in
12、the 9. century 10. English appeared.【答案】 1.Celtic 2.9th 3.moved 4.official 5.conquered 6.14th 7.English 8.Henry 9.16th 10.Modern.语篇理解阅读 P2223 的 Reading 部分，选择最佳答案1What is the main reason for Englishs development?AThe borrowing from other languages.BThe mixing of different languages from different cou
13、ntries，and the invasions.CBoth A and B.2The base of Old English is .ACelticBAngloSaxonCthe languages of Denmark and Norway3Which of the following is TRUE about the history of English?AThe language used before the middle of the 5th century is called Old English.BMiddle English started from about the
14、12th century and ended in the 16th century.COnly the English we are using today is Modern English.4Which is the reason why French didnt have the same result as the first language in spite of its invasion?AThe Normans conquest didnt have the same result as the Germanic invasion had.BThe Normans didnt
15、 rule England as long as the Germans did.CIt is not mentioned in the passage.5Which of the following terms come from French?ABeef，sheep and bacon.BPig， mutton and tooth.CBeef ，pork and bacon.【答案】 1.C 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.C.课文缩写用所给单词或短语的正确形式完成课文缩写official；adopt；modern；include；affect；nowadays；upper ；take con
16、trol of；process；contributeThroughout history，English has changed a lot.English can be divided into three sections: Old English，Middle English and 1. English.Old English is very different from the English we speak 2. .By the 10th century，Old English was the 3. language of England.Many factors 4. to t
17、he development of Middle English.In 1066，the Normans conquered England and 5. the country.After the Norman Conquest，6. class people spoke French while common people spoke English.By the latter half of the 14th century，English was 7. by all classes in England.Modern English began during the Renaissan
18、ce in the 16th century.Modern English 8. many Latin and Greek words.Pronunciation also underwent huge changes during this period.Where a person comes from will 9. his style of speech.If a person from the south of England goes to the north，he may find it difficult to understand what people there are
19、saying.It is certain that this 10. will continue.【答案】 1.Modern 2.nowadays 3.official 4.contribute 5.took control of 6.upper 7.adopted 8.includes 9affect 10.process .词义搭配1defeat Aa particular way of speaking2lead to Bdifference3replace Cbe made up of4entire Dresult in；cause5accent Etake the place of6
20、Distinction Fbeat sb；win a victory7consist of Gcomplete； whole【答案】 1.F 2.D 3.E 4.G 5.A 6.B 7.C.短语填空take control of； name after； play a part in；as well；go through；be made up of；aside from1 the prize，he also got much experience and honor.2Last week the government the nations two biggest housing financ
21、e companies.3China is a big agricultural country，and agriculture(农业) its national economy.4His family suggested that the robot he had invented him.5This book twelve separate short stories.【答案】 1.Aside from 2.took control of 3.plays a part in 4.(should)be named after 5.is made up of.句型背诵1That is why
22、English has so many difficult rules that confuse people.这就是英语为什么有很多令人不解的规则。2In fact，we would not be able to understand it if we heard it today.事实上，如果我们现在听到古英语，我们不可能懂它的意思。3This is because English has many words and phrases from different languages.这是因为英语有很多单词和短语来自不同的语言。4On the other hand ，the English
23、 did borrow many words from French.另一方面，英语确实借用了很多法语单词。5It is certain that this process will continue，and people will keep inventing new words and new ways of saying things.可以确定的是这种进程仍会继续，人们也会不断地发明新词汇和新的说话方式。 Period Welcome to the unit & Reading(教师用书独具)教学目标(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让
24、学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。(3)通过对这些词汇的学习能够更深层次的理解课文，再通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练的运用这些词汇。教学地位学生需要打好牢固的基础，因此对每一单元里的重点单词、短语及句型的用法牢牢掌握，所以理解和正确使用英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。(教师用书独具)新课导入建议教师可以以检查上堂课所布置的作业导入课堂。教学流程设计老师检查上堂课所布置的作业，检查学生对学案预习的情况。导入新课。让学生就“课堂互动探究”(见学案第 2530 页) 进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。让学生再次阅读课文，
25、(课本第 2223 页) 以加深对所学单词与短语的理解。老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。让学生针对各自不同的意见展开讨论，然后老师给出详细正确答案。让学生完成“自我评估”(学案第 30 页) 。布置作业。让学生完成课本第 25 页 E，F 题， “课时作业”和预习 Period (见学案第 3134 页) 。1be made up of 由组成 (构成)The English language is made up of the grammar and vocabulary these people brought to Britain.(P2
26、2)英语是由这些人带到英国的语法和词汇构成的语言。A car is made up of many different parts.汽车由许多不同的部件组成。be made in 在生产/制造(介词后跟地点)be made into 制成 (介词后跟产品/ 制成品)be made of 由 制成(能看出原材料)be made from 由制成(看不出原材料)Cotton can be made into cloth.棉花可以制成布。The paper is made from rice straw.这种纸是由稻草做的。【教师备课资源】make 的常用短语make up 化妆，打扮；和解；编造，
27、虚构；构成make out 理解；看清，辨认清楚make up for 弥补，补偿make ones way 前往make it 成功完成句子这个医疗队由五个医生和五个护士组成。This medical team five doctors and five nurses.现代楼房主要由砖和水泥建成。Modern buildings bricks and concrete.木头可以制成许多种家具。Wood many kinds of furniture.葡萄酒是用葡萄酿制的。Wine is grapes.我买的车是中国制造的。The car I bought is made .【答案】 is m
28、ade up of are often made of can be made into made from in China2occupy vt.占领；占用(时间、空间等)；担任( 职务)，使从事Then two Germanic groups from the European mainlandthe Angles and the Saxons occupied Britain.(P22)然后来自欧洲大陆的两个日耳曼部落盎格鲁人和撒克逊人占领了不列颠。Is that seat occupied?那个座位有人吗？He occupies an important position in the
29、 Ministry of Education.他在教育部担任要职。keep sb.occupied 使某人忙碌occupy oneself with/in (doing) sth.某人忙于(做) 某事be occupied in (doing) /with sth.忙于(做) 某事；正在做某事occupation n职业How does he occupy himself now that hes retired?他既已退休，那如何打发日子呢？He was occupied in writing letters.他正在写信。完成句子公共汽车上所有的座位都有人了。All the seats on
30、 the bus .他们占领这座岛屿的企图失败了。They failed in their attempt to .她把自己一半的时间用于从事政治活动。Half of her time politics.【答案】 were occupied occupy the island is occupied with3consist of 由组成(构成 )Old English consisted of a mixture of their languages.(P22)古英语就是由他们的语言混合而成的。This club consists of more than 300 members.这个俱乐部
31、由 300 位以上的会员组成。He is reading a book consisting of many chapters.他正在读一本由许多章节组成的书。consist ofbe made up ofconsist in 在于；存在于；以为主要因素consist with 和一致Tolerance consists in respecting the opinions of others.宽容在于尊重别人的意见。His statement doesnt consist with the fact.他的陈述与事实不符。完成句子水由氢元素和氧元素构成。Water hydrogen and o
32、xygen.Water hydrogen and oxygen.这是面粉和水的混合物。This is a mixture flour and water.一国之幸福以其全民之自由为首要。The happiness of a country the freedom of its citizens.理论应与实践相一致。Theory should .【答案】 consists of；is made up of consisting ofconsists in consist with practice4name after 以命名Both the English language and the E
33、nglish people are named after the Angles.(P22)英语和英国人都是以盎格鲁命名的。The machine is named after its inventor.这台机器是以其发明者的名字命名的。in (the) name of (in sb.s name)代表某人；凭借某事物的权威put ones name down for 报名上(学、 课等)under the name of 用作名字by the name of 名叫的Someone by the name of Henry wants to see you.有个叫亨利的要见你。Open，in
34、the name of law.以法律的名义命令你打开。He writes under the name of Mao Dun.他以“茅盾”这个名字发表著作。【教师备课资源】name 的相关短语to ones name 属于自己的(通常与 no，not 连用)named adj.指定的nameless adj.无名的；匿名的namely adv.即；也就是注意：namelythat is to say 即；也就是worth the name 名副其实name sb.for 提名某人担任某职务翻译句子她是根据她祖母的名字命名的。我代表总统前来迎接你。他报名参加这个社团。【答案】 She was
35、named after her grandmother.I greet you in the name of the President. He put his name down for the society.5aside from 除了；除 之外，还Aside from place names such as London，very few Celtic words became part of Old English.(P22)除了像“London”这样的地名，很少凯尔特语中的单词成为古英语的一部分。Aside from motorcars，the factory turns out
36、bicycles.除了汽车之外，这家工厂还生产自行车。besides/except/aside/apart frombesides意为“除了，(还，也)” ，表示的是追加关系，整体中包括了“除了”的部分。except意为“除了，(其余的都 )”，表示的是剔除的关系，整体中不包括 “除了”的部分， except 除了后面接名词、代词外，还可接介词短语或从句。aside/apart from在不同的上下文中，既有 besides 的含义，又有 except 和 except for 的含义，要根据上下文来判别。Apart from English，he has a good command of
37、Russian and French.除英语外，他还精通俄语和法语。(besides)He has no interests，apart from his work.他除了自己的工作外，没什么兴趣爱好。(except)翻译句子他除了脸部和双手受伤以外，两条腿也断了。除了我的主人，在那儿我一个人也不认识。【答案】 Aside/Apart from(或 Besides)the injuries to his face and hands，he broke both legs. I didnt know a single person there apart/aside from(或 except)
38、my host.6official adj. 官方的；正式的 n官员；公务员By the 10th century，Old English had become the official language of England.(P 22)到公元 10 世纪，古英语已成了英国的官方语言。You have to get official permission to build a new house.你要盖新房必须得到正式的许可。An official of the local government called to see him.当地政府一位官员来看他。official/officerof
39、ficial是官员的总称。凡是担任公职的官员、公务员、行政管理人员等文职官员，均可称为 official。officer通常指军官和警官；也可以指政府官员、工商企业或社会中的负责人或高级职员等一类地位重要的人物。完成句子他父亲是一位政府官员。His father is a .这个年轻军官被提升为上尉。The young was promoted to the rank of captain.【答案】 government official army officer7The most important contribution was from the Normans， a Frenchspe
40、aking people who defeated England and took control of the country in 1066.(P22)最大的贡献来自于讲法语的诺曼人，他们在 1066 年打败并统治了英格兰。(1)contribution n贡献；促成因素；捐款(赠)Roberts contribution should also be remembered.罗伯特的贡献同样应该久记不忘。make contributions to (toward)对作出贡献contribute vi.& vt.捐助；捐献；贡献；投稿contribute.to.向捐献(投稿)contrib
41、ute to.促成；起作用；有助于You have made great contributions to our firm.你为公司做出了很大贡献。She has contributed several poems to magazines.她给刊物投了几首诗稿。Does smoking contribute to lung cancer?吸烟会导致肺癌吗？单项填空A proper amount of exercise good health.Aresults from Bcontributes toCattends to Ddevotes to【解析】 句意：适当的运动有助于健康。 con
42、tribute to 意 为“导致，引起，促成 ”。【答案】 BHe all his time and energy to his work.Aspent BcostCcontributed Dcombined【解析】 句意：他把他所有的精力和时间都奉献给他的工作。contribute.to. 把贡献给。【答案】 C(2)defeat vt.击败，战胜 n失败，战败The mayor defeated all opponents in the last election.在上次竞选中市长打败了所有对手。The hopes were defeated.希望落空了。It is not easy f
43、or him to admit his defeat.他不轻易承认自己的失败。win/beat/defeatwin指在游戏、比赛、竞争、选举中获胜，后面不能接人，可用于短语 win a battle/victory/prize/seat。beat 指在运动比赛、竞赛中获胜，打败了其他人或其他队，可用于短语 beat sb.at/in sth.defeat与 beat 意思及用法相同，但 defeat 较为正式。若指一个国家在战争中获胜则只能用 defeat，可用于短语 defeat sb.by.points。It was a lack of money，not efforts，that def
44、eated their plan.导致他们计划失败的不是不努力，而是缺钱。I could always beat my brother at chess.每次下棋，我都能赢我兄弟。He won the love and respect of his students.他赢得了学生们的喜爱和尊敬。完成句子昨天游泳我赢了她。I her at swimming yesterday.我赢了昨天那场比赛。I the match yesterday.【答案】 beat/defeated won(3)take control of 控制，取得对的控制You cant take control of othe
45、rs but you can control yourself.你无法控制他人，但你可以控制自己。The police have taken control of the situation.警方已经控制住了局面。in control of 控制；掌握；管理in/under the control of 在控制下lose control of 失去对的控制beyond/out of control 无法控制under control 处 于控制之下Whos in control of the project?谁是这个项目的负责人？John lost control of his car.约翰的
46、车子失去了控制。At first，the fire got out of control.起初，火势变得无法控制。完成句子巴拿马控制了运河区。Panama the Canal Zone.他很容易失控。He is easy to himself.副总统现在掌管一切。The VicePresident is now .汽车失去控制而撞毁了。The car went and crashed.这个国家现在在军队的控制之下。The country is the military now.【答案】 took control of lose control of in control out of cont
47、rol in/under the control of8However，the Norman Conquest did not affect English as much as the Angles and the Saxons victory about 600 years earlier，which led to Old English replacing Celtic.(P22)然而，诺曼征服对英语的影响并不及约 600 年前盎格鲁人和撒克逊人的胜利对英语的影响，那场胜利导致古英语替代了凯尔特语。(1)lead to 导致；通往 Eating too many hamburgers c
48、an lead to health problems.吃太多汉堡会引发健康问题。All roads lead to Rome.条条道路通罗马。lead sb.to do sth.导致某人做某事lead sb.to名词 把某人引向lead alife 过着生活近义词(组) 有：result in；bring about；causeWhat led you to change your mind?是什么使你改变了想法？The sign is not correct.It will lead us to a wrong way.这个路标不对。它会把我们引到错路上去的。完成句子他的话使我们相信他是对的。What he said he was right.走这条路你就能到镇上。The road .除癌症外，吸烟还可引起其他疾病。Besides cancer，smoking can .【答案】 led us to b
