1、PeriodThree Grammar&Writing单元语法 虚拟语气 (一)用所给词的正确形式填空1.Wewouldgowithyouifwehad(have) time.2.Withoutelectricity，humanlifewouldbe(be) quitedifferenttoday.3.IwishIknew(know) whatishappeningoutside.4.Ifhehadgiven(give) upsmoking，hewouldnothavegotlungcancer.5.Ifonlyhehadlain(lie) quietlyasthedoctorinstruct
2、ed，hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.6.Didyoumakeitatlast?Yes.Butforyourhelp，itwouldhavecaused(cause) aseriousloss.语气(mood)是一种动词形式，表示说话人的意图或态度。英语中有陈述语气、疑问语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示所说的话只是一种主观愿望、假想或建议。一、非真实条件句的三种情况：用法if 引导的非真实条件句中的谓语动词形式主句中谓语动词形式表示与现在事实相反的假设动词过去式(be 动词一般用were)would/should/might/could动词原形表示与过去事实相反的假设
3、had动词的过去分词形式would/should/might/couldhave动词的过去分词形式表示与将来事实相反的假设(1)动词的过去式(be 动词一般用 were)(2)should动词原形would/should/might/could动词原形(3)wereto动词原形Ifhewereherenow，wewouldhavethemeeting.如果他现在在这儿，我们就开会。(与现在事实相反)Hewouldhavepassedthedrivingtestifhehadtakenyouradvice.他如果采纳了你的建议，就会通过驾驶考试的。(与过去事实相反)Ifitrained/shou
4、ld rain/weretoraintomorrow，theywouldnotgooutforapicnic.如果明天下雨的话，他们就不去野餐了。(与将来事实相反)二、在动词 wish 后的宾语从句中使用虚拟语气，表示不可能实现的愿望。宾语从句中的谓语动词有以下三种形式：用法 宾语从句中谓语动词的形式表示目前不可能实现的愿望 动词过去式(be 动词一般用 were)表示过去不可能实现的愿望 had动词的过去分词形式表示将来不可能实现的愿望 would/could动词原形IwishIwerenotsobusynow.我希望我现在不那么忙碌。Thepictureexhibitionboredmet
5、odeath.IwishIhadnotgonetoit.那次画展把我烦死了，真希望我没有去。IwishIwouldgotothemoononeday.我希望有一天我将去月球。三、错综时间条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主、从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做错综时间条件句。主句和从句谓语动词的形式要根据各自所表示的时间作出相应的调整。IfyouhadntwatchedTVyesterday，youwouldntbesosleepynow.如果你昨天不看电视，你现在也就不会这么困了。(if 条件句是对过去的虚拟，故用过去完成时，而主句是对现在的虚拟，故用 woulddo
6、 形式)Ifyouhesitatedthismoment，youmightsufferinthefuture.如果你此刻犹豫不决，你将来会吃苦头的。(if 条件句是对现在的虚拟，故用一般过去时，而主句是对将来的虚拟，故用 mightdo 形式)四、含蓄条件句含蓄虚拟条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类含蓄虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为 if 引导的条件句。常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的有 butfor (要不是的话) ，butthat (要不是)，without (如果没有)，supposing (假设) ，provided (倘若 )，sothat/in o
7、rder that (为了) ，if only (要是就好了)，otherwise/orelse(要不然)。Butforyou，Icouldnotrecoversosoon.要不是有你，我不会恢复得这么快。Withoutair(Iftherewerenoair)，therewouldbenolivingthings.没有空气，便没有生物。Iwasillthatday.Otherwise，Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.那天我病了。要不然的话，我会参加运动会的。注意 虚拟条件句中有 had，should ，were 时，可以将 if 去掉，然后把had
8、，should ， were 提到主语前面，形成部分倒装。.单句语法填空1.DoyouhaveBettysphonenumber?Yes.Otherwise，Iwouldn thavebeen (not，be) abletoreachheryesterday.(2017 天津)2.Ifthenewsafetysystemhadbeenput(put) touse，theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.(2017北京)3.Whydidntyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek? Ifyouhadtold(tell) me，Icouldha
9、vehelped.(2016北京)4.Ifithadnotbeen(not，be) forhisinvitationtheotherday ，Ishouldnotbeherenow.(2016江苏)5.Hadthegovernmentsandscientistsnotworkedtogether，AIDS-relateddeathswouldnothavefallen(not，fall) sincetheirhighestin2005.(2016浙江)6.IfIhadntseen(not，see) itwithmyowneyes ，Iwouldnthavebelievedit.(2015 北京
10、)7.Ellenisafantasticdancer.IwishIdanced(dance) aswellasher.(2015陕西).单句改错(仅有 1 处错误)Ifyou me，wouldyoutalktothem ？(2015四川，短文改错)arewere.单句语法填空1.Ifwehadbooked(book) atableearlier，wewouldntbestandinghereinaqueue.2.IfhehadspentmoretimepracticingspeakingEnglishbefore，hewouldbe(be) abletospeakitmuchbetternow
11、.3.IshouldnothavelaughedifIhadthought(think) youwereserious.4.Sorry，Iamtoobusynow.IfIhad(have) time，Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.5.Welostourwayinthatsmallvillage，otherwisewewouldhavevisited(visit) moreplacesofinterestyesterday.完成句子6.如果没有空气，人就会死亡。Iftherewerenoair，peoplewoulddie.7.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到
12、她。IfIhadgotthereearlier，Ishould/wouldhavemether.8.如果我当时在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在就是一个工程师了。IfIhadworkedhardatschool，Iwouldbeanengineernow.9.要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。Withoutyourinstruction/Ifithadntbeenforyourinstruction，Iwouldnothavemadesuchgreatprogress.10.但愿我没有花这么多钱。IwishIhadntspentsomuchmoney.语法填空(2017湖南浏阳河一中高二检测)
13、Happinessmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.ForMary，whohas11.aseveresleepingproblem，happinessisassimpleashavingagoodnight ssleep.Bedwasonceaplace12.whereMarywenttorestafteralong，hardday.13.However，shehasnothadafullnightssleepinalmostsixmonths.Herdoctorsaidthat14.counting(count) sheepmighthelpherf
14、allasleep.Shetriedthis，butsoongottiredofitafteritfailedtowork.Shefindsthenightswithoutsleepalmost15.unbearable(bear).Sheisalwayssleepyandlacksenergyduringtheday.Maryisnotalone.Studiesshowthatmorethanoneinthreepeopleworldwidestrugglewithgettingenoughsleep.Itoftentakesondifferent16.forms(form)：somepeo
15、plecangettosleep，butwakeupmuchtooearly ；somegetafullnightssleep，butare17. disappointed(disappoint) tofindthattheystillfeeltiredwhentheywakeup；others，likeMary，find18.itdifficulttofallasleepinthefirstplace.Specialistssaythatpeopleshouldnotworrytoomuchaboutthisproblem.Inmostcases，alackofsleep19.iscause
16、d(cause) byanxietyandpressure.Itisimportanttokeepyourself20.ingoodspiritsandtobepositive.单元写作Writingadiscursiveparagraph本单元写作属于议论文中的对比观点类型。在写作时，常使用一般现在时。写作格式一般是：提出问题两种不同观点对两种不同观点的论据( 理由) 逐项作对比。有时题目会要求说出自己的观点，可在结尾段加上自己的观点并简要说明理由，最好不要重复前面已谈到的理由。写作方式一般采用集中比较。1.Opinionsaredividedonthetopic.2.Someareinfa
17、vourof (arefor/approve of/agreeto/agree with/support.) it.3.Intheiropinion./Theyholdtheviewthat.4.Othersholdtheoppositeopinion (areagainst/disagree.)5.Theyarguethat.6.Everycoinhastwosides.7.AsfarasIamconcerned./Inmyopinion.最近，你们班同学就“克隆人”这个话题进行了讨论。请你根据以下提示写一篇 100词左右的英语短文。赞同的观点 反对的观点 你的观点克隆人可帮我们分担事务；可
18、利用克隆人的器官来医治病人会使人口剧增，造成社会问题重点放在对人类有益的动物和干细胞的研究上写作要求是根据提示写一篇短文，说明对“克隆人”的讨论。写作时应注意下面几点：1.确定文体：文章属于议论文，应开门见山提出讨论的主题，然后就两种不同观点进行对比。2.主体时态：以一般现在时为主。3.主体人称：文章说明同学们展开的讨论，人称应该以第三人称为主。联想词汇1.支持 infavourof2.利用 makeuseof3.反对 beagainst4.集中精力于某事 focusoneseffort/attentiononsth.句式升级1.支持者们认为，克隆人可以帮助我们分担事务。(1)Thestude
19、ntswhoareinfavourofcloningholdthebeliefthattheclonedhumanscanshareourdutiesandburdens.(定语从句 )(2)Thestudentsinfavourofcloningthinktheclonedhumanscanshareourdutiesandburdens.(介词短语作定语；宾语从句)2.而且，可以利用克隆人的器官来医治病人。(1)Inaddition，theorgansoftheclonedhumanscanbeusedtotreatpatients.(被动语态)(2)Whatsmore，wecanmake
20、useoftheorgansoftheclonedhumanstotreatpatients.(不定式作目的状语)3.只有这样我们才能使克隆技术造福人类。(1)Wecanonlymakeitbenefitmankindinthisway.(it 作形式宾语 )(2)Onlyinthiswaycanwemakeitbenefitmankind.(倒装句)Recently，thestudentsinourclasshavediscussedthetopic“humancloning”.Thestudentsinfavourofcloningthinktheclonedhumanscanshareo
21、urdutiesandburdens.Whatsmore，wecanmakeuseoftheorgansoftheclonedhumanstotreatpatients.However，thestudentsagainstcloningthinkcloningcanincreasethepopulation；therefore，itwillcausemanysocialproblems.Inmyopinion，cloningisreallyascientificbreakthroughandweshouldfocusoureffortsonthestudyofcloninganimalsand
22、stemcellstobeusedinmedicalresearch.Onlyinthiswaycanwemakeitbenefitmankind.阅读理解A(2017山西太原五中高二检测)Itsbeenjustoverayearsince9-year-oldZionHarveyreceivedadouble-handtransplant(移植)，andnow，whathereallywantstodoisplayfootball.“Ifeelhappyaboutmynewhands，andIdontfeeldifferent.IlikethatnowIcanthrowafootballfur
23、therthanwhenIdidnthavehands， ”hesaid.Thenationsyoungesthand-transplantpatienthasbeenworkinghardtolearnhowtousehisnewhands.Helosthishandsandhisfeet7yearsagoaftersufferingaseriousinfection.InAugust，theboyshowedoffhisnewabilitiesbythrowingoutthefirstballatabaseballgame.Dr.ScottLevin，teamleaderofZionsop
24、eration，saidZioncopedwiththeoperationbetterthanmanyadults.“IveneverseenZioncry ， ”Levinsaid.“Hesjustanamazingboy.Hehassuchcourageanddeterminationandgivesusallinspiration.”Zionsaidhiscouragecamefromthetwomostamazingpeople：hismomandhisgrandma.Hismother，PattieRay，said， “ItsbeenalongjourneybutnowIfeelIa
25、mlivinginmydream.Itshisdream，anditsmine，too.I mjustlivingthroughhim， andImjustheretosupporthiminanywayandhelphimdowhateverhewantstodo.”However，Ziontoldreportershismomwouldntlethimtryoutforfootball.Hismomsaiditstoodangerous.Shealsopointedoutthathemightbeplayingagainstlittlekids，notprofessionals，andsh
26、etoldhimtheywoulddiscussitlater.Ziontriedtocounterherargument.“Mynextgoal：convinceMomtoletmeplayfootball， ”hesaid.语篇解读 文章介绍 Zion Harvey 接受双手移植后，恢复得很好，他努力学习使用新手的能力，而且希望自己能踢足球。1.WhatisZionsattitudetowardshistransplantedhands?A.Helikesthemalot.B.Hetriestoignorethem.C.Heacceptsthemunwillingly.D.Hehasmix
27、edfeelingsaboutthem.答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据文章第一段的句子“Ifeelhappyaboutmynewhands，andIdon tfeeldifferent.”可知，Zion 非常喜欢他的新手。故选 A。2.WhatdidDr.ScottLevinthinkofZion?A.Hewasunusuallyquiet.B.Hewaswellworthpraising.C.Hewasclevererthanexpected.D.Hewasatalentedfootballplayer.答案 B解析 推理判断题。根据文章第二段的句子“Hesjustanamazingboy.
28、Hehassuchcourageanddeterminationandgivesusallinspiration.”可知，Dr.ScottLevin 认为 Zion 非常值得表扬。故选 B。3.WhichdescriptionaboutPattieRayisTRUE?A.ShealwayssupportsZionsdecisions.B.Shedevotesalottohisson.C.SheisthemostimportantpersontoZion.D.Sheseemstobeasensitivemother.答案 B解析 推理判断题。根据文章第三段的句子“Imjustlivingthro
29、ughhim，andImjustheretosupporthiminanywayandhelphimdowhateverhewantstodo.”可知，PattieRay 为儿子付出了很多。故选 B。4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“counter”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Accept. B.Prove.C.Fight. D.Comment.答案 C解析 词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段的句子“Mynextgoal：convinceMomtoletmeplayfootball”可知， Zion 想要说服妈妈让他踢足球，也就是他要反驳妈妈的论点。故选
30、C。BImaginethatthegenome(基因组) isabook.Thebookconsistsof23chapterswiththousandsofstoriesmadeupofparagraphs，wordsandlettersondifferentlevels.Thereareonebillionwordsinthebook，whichmakeitlongerthan5,000volumesthesizeofthisbook，oraslongas800Bibles.IfIreadthegenomeouttoyouattherateofonewordpersecondforeigh
31、thoursaday，itwouldtakemeacentury.IfIwroteoutthehumangenome，oneletterpermillimeter，mytextwouldbeaslongastheDanubeRiver.Thisisanenormousdocument，ahugevolume，abookofgreatlength， butitallfitsinsidetheextremelysmallnucleus(核) ofatinycellthatfitseasilyupontheheadofapin.Theideaofthegenomeasabookisnot，stric
32、tlyspeaking ，evenametaphor(比喻).Itistruetoagreatextent.Abookisapieceofdigitalinformation，writteninone-directionalformanddefinedbyacodethattranslatesasmallalphabetofsignsintoalargedictionaryofmeaningsthroughtheorderoftheirgroupings.Soisagenome.TheonlycomplicationisthatallEnglishbooksreadfromlefttorigh
33、twhilesomepartsofthegenomereadfromlefttoright，andsomefromrighttoleft，thoughneverbothatthesametime.WhileEnglishbooksarewritteninwordsofdifferentlengthsusingtwenty-sixletters，genomesarewrittenentirelyinthree-letterwords，usingonlyfourletters.Andinsteadofbeingwrittenonflatpages ，theyarewrittenonlongchai
34、nsofDNAmolecules(分子).Thegenomeisaverycleverbook，becauseintherightconditionsitcanbothphotocopyitselfandreaditself.语篇解读 文章把基因比作一本书，借助人们所熟悉的书籍来诠释基因这个抽象复杂的东西，深入浅出的给读者一个清晰的知识轮廓。5.Howdohumangenomesreadaccordingtothepassage? A.Onlyfromlefttoright.B.Onlyfromrighttoleft.C.Frombothdirectionsatthesametime.D.Fr
35、omonedirectionatatime.答案 D解析 细节理解题。从第二段最后一句“TheonlycomplicationisthatallEnglishbooksreadfromlefttorightwhilesomepartsofthegenomereadfromlefttoright，andsomefromrighttoleft ，thoughneverbothatthesametime. ”可以看出，部分基因组是从左向右读的，部分是从右向左，但是两者不同时发生。故选 D。6.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatthehumangenome.A.isaslonga
36、stheDanubeRiverB.canbeeasilyplacedontheheadofapinC.iscodedwithanalphabetoffourlettersD.issmartenoughtoreadandtakephotosofitself答案 C解析 细节理解题。从最后一段第一句“WhileEnglishbooksarewritteninwordsofdifferentlengthsusingtwenty-sixletters，genomesarewrittenentirelyinthree-letterwords，usingonlyfourletters.”可知，人类的基因组
37、以四个字母为代码。故选 C。7.Therealpurposeoftheauthorscomparisonofthegenometoabookis.A.tofocusonthedifferencesbetweenthetwoB.tolayemphasisonthesimilaritiesbetweenthetwoC.tosimplifytheconceptofthehumangenomeD.togiveanexactdescriptionofthehumangenome答案 C解析 推理判断题。人们十分熟悉书籍，把人类的基因组比作书籍，可以使基因组这个复杂的概念变得简单易懂。故选 C。.语法填空
38、(2017湖南长沙一中高二检测)WhenIwasakid，Momusedtocookfoodforus.Onenightinparticularafter8. spending(spend) alongharddayatwork，Momplacedaplateofjamand9.extremely (extreme) burntbreadinfrontofmyDad.Iwaswaiting10.tosee(see) ifanyonenoticedit.Butwhile11.eating(eat) hisbread，Dadjustaskedmehowwasmydayatschool.Idontr
39、ememberwhatItoldhimthatnight，butIdorememberIheardMom12.apologizing(apologize) toDadforburningthebread.AndIllneverforgetwhathesaid， “Honey，Iloveburntbread.”Laterthatnight，I13.went (go) tokissDaddygoodnightandaskedhimifhereallylikedhisbreadburnt.Hegaveme14.abighugandsaid， “YourMomputinalongharddayatwo
40、rktoday，really15.tired(tire).Andbesides，burntbreadneverhurtsanyonebutcoldwordsdo！ ”Thelesson16.that/whichIvelearnedovertheyearsisthatlearningtoacceptothersfaultisoneofthemostimportantkeys17.tocreatingahealthy，growingandlastingrelationship.短文改错(2017吉林长春外国语学校高二检测)DearJack，Imsoexcitingandhappytoheartha
41、tyourecomingtoChina.SinceyourtripisscheduledforthemiddleofJuly，IwillbeavailablebecauseIwillbehavingyoursummerholidayatthatmonth.Ivebeenverybusyrecently，forI vebeenpreparedforthecomingentranceexam，thatisvitalforme.Lastweek，IattendanEnglishspeechcontestintendedforhighschoolstudentallovertheprovinceand
42、myperformancewasnotbad.Totellyoutruth，I vealwaysdreamtofhavinganopportunitytotraveltoEnglish-speakingcountriesasyourstopractiseandimprovemyEnglish.Iamlookingforwardtoseeyou.Yours，ZhangHeng答案DearJack，Imso andhappytohearthatyourecomingtoChina.SinceyourtripisscheduledforthemiexcitingexcitedddleofJuly，I
43、willbeavailablebecauseIwillbehaving summerholidayatthatmonth.Iyourmyvebeenverybusyrecently，forI vebeen forthecomingentranceexam， isvitalforme.Lastweek，I anEnglishspreparedpreparing thatwhich attendattendedpeechcontestintendedforhighschool allovertheprovinceandmyperformancewasnotbad.Totelstudentstude
44、ntslyou truth，IvealwaysdreamtofhavinganopportunitytotraveltoEnglish-speakingcountries theyourstopractiseandimprovemyEnglish.aslikeIamlookingforwardto you.seeseeingYours，ZhangHeng.书面表达(2017湖南师大附中高二检测)某超市就是否出售来自克隆动物的食品征集意见。假设你是李华，请你给该超市写一封信，要点如下：1.你是否赞成超市出售来自克隆动物的食品；2.你赞成或者反对的理由；3.你对该超市的建议。注意：1.词数 100
45、 左右；2.信的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。DearSirorMadam，Yourssincerely，LiHua参考范文DearSirorMadam，Iamwritingaboutyourplantosellfoodfromclonedanimalsinyoursupermarket.Onapersonalnote，Iamnotfortheplan.ThereasonswhyIholdthisviewareasfollows.Firstofall，sincecloningisquiteanewscientifictechnology，nooneknowswhetherfoodfromc
46、lonedanimalsissafeforpeopletoeat ，especiallyinthelongterm.Whatsmore，cloningisnotverycheapatpresent，somostpeoplewillnotbeabletoaffordtobuyfoodfromclonedanimalsinsupermarkets.Lastbutnotleast，Ithinksuchfoodwillnottasteasdeliciousasnormalfood.Insummary，Iinsistthatyounotsellfoodfromclonedanimalsinyoursupermarket.Or，atleast，youshouldsellbothnormalfoodandfoodfromclonedanimals，socustomerscanchooseastheywant.Yourssincerely，LiHua
