1、Period Three Grammar & Writing单元语法 having done 作状语与动词ing/to do.课文原句感知1.Havinglost(lose) allmyoldfriends，Ifeltshyandlonelyatmynewschool.2.Havingleft(leave) somethinginthecloakroom，Iwentinsidetogetit.3.Thisweekend，havingthought(think) aboutthesituationforawhile，IdecidedtoaskRoyaboutthetheft.4.Thegirls
2、stoppedtalking(talk) whentheteachercameintotheroom.5.Thegirlswerewalkingalongtheroad.Theystoppedtolook(look) inashopwindow.6.Remembertokeep(keep) intouchwhenyougoaway.Emailme!7.Doyouremembergoing(go) toschoolforthefirsttime?.完成句子1.我遗憾地告诉你，你被解雇了。Iregrettotellyouthatyouaredismissed.2.他忘记告诉过我这个消息了。Hefo
3、rgottellingmethenews.3.我本来打算今天给你这本书，但我忘了。Ihadmeanttogiveyouthisbooktoday，butIforgot.4.没有完成这项工程，他们不会停下来休息的。Nothavingcompletedtheproject，theywontstoptohavearest.5.我们除等待以外别无选择。Wehadnochoicebuttowait.一、havingdone 作状语1.动词ing 形式的完成式的构成：having过去分词。它的否定式为：nothaving过去分词；被动式为：havingbeen过去分词。动词ing 形式的完成式在句中常作状
4、语，表示原因、时间等。HavinglearnedthatIwasintrouble，hecametohelpmewithoutdelay.得知我有麻烦后，他毫不犹豫地前来帮我。Nothavingknownheraddress，Imightaswelltelephonehertocomeover.由于还不知道她的地址，我只好打电话让她过来。Havingbeenwritteninhaste，theessaywasnotworthreading.这篇文章是匆忙写成的，不值得去读。2.动词的ing 形式的一般式所表示的动作与主句谓语动词所表示的动作往往同时或相继发生；而完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词
5、所表示的动作之前。Hearingthenews，theyalljumpedforjoy.听到这个消息，他们都高兴地跳了起来。Havingfinishedhishomework， hewentouttoplay.做完作业后，他就出去玩了。3.过去分词和动词ing 形式的完成式的区别：过去分词表示动作已发生或已完成，其中的动词与句子主语有动宾关系。在句中可作表语、定语、宾补或状语。动词ing 形式的完成式表示该动作在谓语动词之前发生或完成，其中动词与句子主语有主谓关系。常在句中作状语。Hewalkedalongthestreet，lostinthought.他漫步街头，沉浸在思索中。Havingd
6、ressedmyself，Iwenttotheoffice.穿好衣服后，我就去了办公室。二、动词ing/todo1.下列动词只能跟动词的ing 形式作宾语：这类动词(词组)有：admit(承认)，appreciate(欣赏)，avoid( 避免) ，consider( 考虑) ，delay(延迟) ，deny(否认)，enjoy( 享受，喜爱)，escape(逃避) ，finish(完成) ，imagine(想象)，resist(抵制，忍住 )，keep(继续) ，mind( 介意)，miss(错过) ，practice(练习)，risk( 冒险)，suggest(建议) ， leadto(导
7、致) ， setabout(开始，着手) ，getdownto(开始，着手)，giveup(放弃) ，feellike(想要) ，lookforwardto(盼望)，objectto(反对) ，insiston(坚持)，putoff( 推迟)，payattentionto(注意 )等。Johnadmittedbreakingtheglasswindow.约翰承认打碎了玻璃窗。Icrossedthestreettoavoidmeetinghim，buthesawmeandcamerunningtowardsme.我横穿马路以便避开他，但他看到了我并朝我跑过来。Heenjoyslisteningt
8、olightmusic.他喜欢听轻音乐。Heobjectedtoacceptingoursuggestion.他拒绝接受我们的建议。2.下列动词只能跟动词不定式作宾语：这类动词有：agree(同意)，refuse(拒绝) ，offer( 提出) ，promise(答应) ，choose( 选择) ，decide(决定) ，attempt(试图)，intend(企图) ，manage( 设法) ，fail(失败) ，ask(要求)，hope( 希望)，want(想要)，expect( 期望 )，wish(希望)，tend(倾向于 )，desire(渴望)，seek(寻求)，claim(声称) ，
9、plan(计划)，prepare(准备)，learn(学会)，pretend(假装)，afford(承担得起) ，appear(显得 )，demand(要求)，happen(碰巧)，hesitate( 犹豫，不情愿) 等。ShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.当我经过时，她假装没看见我。Shewillattempttobreaktheworldrecord.她将试图打破这项世界纪录。3.有些动词，如 begin，start ，continue，prefer 等，其后接动名词或不定式意义没有区别，或者区别不大。Hebeganlearning/tolearnEng
10、lishattheageoften.他 10 岁时就开始学英语。4.在 deserve，need ，require ，want 等动词后面的 v.ing 的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动语态。Myshirtneedsironing.(Myshirtneedstobeironed.)我的衬衫该熨了。Yourcarurgentlyrequiredseeingto.(Yourcarurgentlyrequiredtobeseento.)你的车急需修理。5.有些动词后接 v.ing 形式和不定式在意思上有很大的区别。Error!Error!Error!Error!Error!Error!Er
11、ror!Error!Iregrettotellyouthatalltheticketshavebeensoldout.我遗憾地告诉你，所有的票都卖光了。Maryregrettedtellingliestohermother.玛丽后悔向母亲撒了谎。Trytobehereontime.请尽量按时到这儿来。Ifthefrontdoorislocked，tryknockingatthebackdoor.如果前门锁着，就试着敲一下后门。Theycouldnthelpjumpingupatthenews.听到这个消息他们不禁跳了起来。Sorry，Icanthelptocleantheroomforyou.
12、Imustgoatonce. 对不起，我不能帮你打扫房间了。我必须马上走。.单句语法填空1.ManyChinesebrands，havingdeveloped(develop) theirreputationsovercenturies，arefacingnewchallengesfromthemodernmarket.(2017江苏)2.ButSarahwantstoprove(prove) thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.(2017全国)3.Havingworked(work) fortwodays，Stevemanagedtofinishhisreporto
13、nschedule.(2015天津)4.Havingspent(spend) thepastyearasanexchangestudentinHongKong，Lindaappearsmorematurethanthoseofherage.(2014福建)5.Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver，butherefused tostop(stop) untilwereachedthenextstop.(2014新课标全国)6.Havingspent(spend) nearlyallourmoney，wecouldntaffordtostayata
14、hotel.(2014江西)7.Itsquitehottoday.Doyoufeellikegoing(go) foraswim？(2014陕西)8.Keepholding(hold) yourpositionforawhile.(2014辽宁)9.Havingeaten(eat) atthecafeteriabefore，Tinadidntwanttoeatthereagain.(2013山东)10.Irememberedtolock(lock) thedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice，butforgottoturnoffthelights.(2012安徽).单句改错(每小题
15、仅有 1 处错误 )1.Wecanchoosebetweenstayingathomeand atrip. (2016全国，短文改错)taketaking2.IshowedthemIwasindependentby strangeclothes. (2016全国，短文改错)wearwearing3.Heisntgoodat buthegetsonwellwithotherpeople.(2013大纲全国，短文改错)talktalking.单句语法填空1.Havingread(read) thechapterfourtimes，Ifinallyunderstoodtheauthorstheory
16、.2.Havingbeenwarned(warn) ofthedangerinthestreetatnight，shehadtogohome，withafriendfollowingher.3.Hehadtoadmitstealing(steal) themoney.4.Idontmindhiscoming(come) backlateifhedoesntwakemeup.5.Whoops！Ididntmeantostep(step) onyourtoes.6.Shesuggestedspending(spend) anotherweekinthecountry.7.Theyrefusedto
17、accept(accept) mysuggestion.8.Iregrettoinform(inform) youthatyouwontbeabletoattendtheclass.9.Havingfinished(finish) hishomework，hewentontochat(chat) withhisclassmatesontheInternet.10.Heisconsideringgoing(go) abroadandisbusypreparingforit.完成句子11.作为一个学生，意味着你要努力学习。Beingastudentmeansstudyinghard.12.他离开教
18、室的时候，忘记了关灯。Heforgottoturnoffthelightswhenhelefttheclassroom.13.听到那个激动的消息，他禁不住哭了。Hearingtheexcitingnews，hecouldnthelpcrying.14.他假装做完作业了。Hepretendedtohavefinishedhishomework.15.踢完球后，他们高兴地回家了。(分词作状语)Havingplayedfootball，theywenthomehappily.语法填空(2017四川天全中学高二检测)IalwayshavemyownwaystolearnEnglish.First，Ia
19、lwaysreadthetextinadvancesothatIcanknowwhatImustpaymuchattentiontoinclass.Tomydelight，whenmyteacherraisesaquestion ，Iknowhow16.toanswer(answer) moreoften.AndwheneverIansweraquestioncorrectly，Ihaveastrongsenseof17.achievement(achieve).Besides，Ialwaystrytotakenotesinclass.Importantlanguagepoints，gramm
20、arrules ，useful18.expressions(express) andkeywordsare19.whatIwanttotakedown.Afterclass，IorganizethenotessothatIcanhaveabetter20.understanding(understand) ofthem.Ofcourse，Iwillcertainlyreadaloudthenotesinthemorning.TodevelopmyinterestinEnglish，afterclassI21.widely(wide) readEnglishmaterials.Bythismea
21、nsIcanalsodevelopmyabilityofreading.22.Chatting(chat) withmyteachersandclassmatesisalsooneofmywaystolearnEnglish.Weoftentalk23.inEnglishaboutdifferenttopicsconcerningfriendship，sports，etc.FreeexpressioninEnglishalways24.gives(give) measenseofpride,25.whichinturninspiresmetolearnEnglishbetter.单元写作 Wr
22、iting a paragraph on friendship关于友谊以及如何交友的文章，在体裁上多属记叙文、议论文或夹叙夹议文。本模块重点讨论此类话题的记叙文文体的写作。记叙文主要有六要素：时间、地点、人物、事情的起因、经过、结果。一般按照时间顺序或空间顺序来描述，要求层次清晰、条理清楚。1.以写人为主的记叙文，应注意肖像描写、行动描写、语言描写、心理描写以及细节描写；写作时，根据题目需要灵活掌握，突出重点。叙述中讲究一定的写作顺序。记叙文常见的写作顺序是以事件发生的时间先后为顺序，也可根据文章需要采用倒叙或者插叙。有时候，按文章顺序列出写作要点(主要名词和动词及短语 )更有助于构建文章框架
23、，避免遗漏要点。2.人称和时态的选用对记叙文非常重要。记叙文一般都记叙过去发生的事情，因而短文所使用的时态通常是与过去相关的时态，当然，也可根据具体的情况使用其他的时态。3.在人称使用上，通常以第一人称为主来描述本人所经历或耳闻目睹的事件。用第一人称能让人身临其境，使文章更加生动、形象。1.Friendsgiveus.2.Agoodfriendissomeonewecan.3.ThefirsttimeImet.，he/shewas.4.Friendshipplaysanimportantpartin.5.Youcan.tobeagoodfriend.6.Wecanturnto.whenwefe
24、eldown.7.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.8haveafriendof.yearswithsb.请根据下面的内容要点，以“HowWangFangandIBecameGoodFriends”为题目，写一篇100 词左右的英语短文。1.王芳和我成为好朋友已经三年了，她性格活泼、心地善良、乐于助人、学习也非常好。2.我永远忘不了我们第一次见面时的情景。3.她对我很好，但在学习上对我要求很严格。4.尽管我们有时会吵架，但很快就和解了。她永远是我的好朋友。写作要求是根据提示写一篇关于朋友的短文。写作时应注意下面几点：1.确定文体：短文属于记叙文，写作时应注意记叙文的内容
25、和写作要求。2.主体时态：一般现在时、一般过去时。3.主体人称：文章主要写自己如何和王芳成为朋友的，所以人称应该以第一、三人称为主。联想词汇1.准备 bereadyto2.擅长 begoodat3.初次见到；乍一看 atfirstsight4.对要求严格 bestrictinsth./withsb.5.和解，和好 makeup句式升级1.王芳和我成为好朋友已经三年了。(1)WangFangandIhavebeengoodfriendsforthreeyears.(简单句)(2)IthasbeenthreeyearssinceWangFangandIbecamegoodfriends.(Itbe
26、时间段since 从句)2.她性格活泼，每个人都喜欢她。(1)Shehasalivelypersonality，andeveryonelikesher.(并列句)(2)Shehasalivelypersonality，whichmakesherpopularwitheveryone.(非限制性定语从句)3.我永远忘不了我们第一次见面时的情景。(1)Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwefirstmet.(定语从句)(2)NevershallIforgetthedaywhenwefirstmet.(倒装句)4.她对我很好，但在学习上对我要求很严格。(1)Sheskindtome
27、，butsheisverystrictinmystudy.(并列句)(2)Althoughsheskindtome，sheisverystrictinmystudy.( 让步状语从句)HowWangFangandIBecameGoodFriendsIthasbeenthreeyearssinceWangFangandIbecamegoodfriends.Shehasalivelypersonality，whichmakesherpopularwitheveryone.Sheiskindandalwaysreadytohelpothers.Whatsmore，sheisgoodatherless
28、ons.NevershallIforgetthedaywhenwefirstmet.Onthatday，whenshewasledintoourclassroom，Ifoundshewasabeautifulgirlwithabigsmileonherface.Ilikedheratfirstsight.Andfortunately，shebecamemydeskmate.Naturally，webecamegoodfriendslater.Althoughsheskindtome，sheisverystrictinmystudy.Oneday，whilewewerehavingamathst
29、est ，Icouldntworkoutsomeoftheproblems.SoIaskedhertoallowmetocopyheranswers.Butsherefusedfirmly.Afterclass，shehelpedmeworkouttheproblems.Althoughwequarrelsometimes，wemakeupsoon.Ithinkwewillbegoodfriendsforever.阅读理解A(2018江西崇仁二中高二检测)OneadvantageoftheInternetisshoppingconvenientlyonlineforclothes；onedis
30、advantageoftheInternetisalsoshoppingconvenientlyonlineforclothes.“Nothingfits， ”saidLamYukWong，aseniorinelectricalandcomputerengineeringatRiceUniversity.“Everyonesaysthis.Theyorderclothesandtheydontfit.Peoplegetveryunhappy.”Wongandherdesignpartner，Xuaner“Cecilia”Zhang， arecreatorsofwhattheycalla“vir
31、tual(虚拟) fittingroom”.Theirgoalissimpleandconsumerfriendly：toletonlineclothingshoppershaveaperfectfitandaperfectlookwhenshoppingeverytime.BothwomenarefromChina，WongfromHongKongandZhangfromBeijing.Theybothordermostoftheirclothingonline.Theygottheideafromtheirownexperiencesasconsumersandfromlisteningt
32、othecomplaintsoftheirfriendsandrelatives.“Theysay， ThecoloriswrongorIgottherightsizebutitstilldoesnotfit.Wewanttomakeitlikeyoureinthestoretryingontheclothes， ”Zhangsaid.UsingaKinectdevelopedbyMicrosoftforusewithitsXbox360videogameplayer，ZhangscansWongandturnsherimageinto，ineffect，avirtualmodel，keepi
33、ngWongsdimensions，andevenherskinandhaircolor.“Weputtheclothesontheshoppers3Dbodymodelsandshowhowtheylookwhentheyaredressed， ”Wongsaid.Sofar，WongandZhanghaveadaptedthesoftwaretoshowdressesandshirts，andtheyarenowworkingonshorts.Askedifshethoughtmenaswellaswomenmightbeinterestedinusingtheirvirtualfitti
34、ngroom，Wongsaid， “Ithinktheirwiveswillcareaboutthis，soitwillalsobeimportanttomen.”语 篇 解 读 本 文 讲 述 了 两 个 女 士 设 计 和 开 发 “虚 拟 试 衣 室 ”的 过 程 。1.Whyisshoppingconvenientlyonlineforclothesadisadvantage?A.Studentsmayeasilygetaddictedtoit.B.Clothesboughtonlinemaynotfit.C.Itattractsmoreonlineclothingshoppers.D
35、.Itcausesshopperstowastetoomuchmoney.答案 B解析 推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“Theyorderclothesandtheydontfit.Peoplegetveryunhappy.”可知，本题答案为 B。2.WongandZhanggottheideatodesignavirtualfittingroomfrom.A.theirshoppingexperiencesB.aprogramattheiruniversityC.someshopownerscomplaintsD.theXbox360videogameplayer答案 A解析 细节理解题。根
36、据第三段中的“Theygottheideafromtheirownexperiencesasconsumersandfromlisteningtothecomplaintsoftheirfriendsandrelatives.”可知，她们设计虚拟试衣室的想法源于自己的购物经历和亲朋好友的抱怨。故选 A。3.Whichofthefollowingshowstheprocessofusingthevirtualfittingroom?A.Scanningtryingonclothesgettingimages.B.Tryingonclothesgettingmodelsscanning.C.Sca
37、nninggettingmodelstryingonclothes.D.Tryingonclothesgettingimagesscanning.答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第四段的介绍可知，使用虚拟试衣室的步骤是：扫描得到模特试穿衣服。故选 C。4.WhatdidWongthinkofhervirtualfittingroom?A.Itisperfectlydeveloped.B.Itwillhaveitsmarketshare.C.Itislimitedtowomenshoppers.D.Itislikeakindofvideogameplayer.答案 B解析 推理判断题。根据文章倒数
38、第二段最后一句和最后一段可知，虽然她们的虚拟试衣室目前只有女装试衣室，但她们正在拓展男装试衣室，并且认为人们会对此感兴趣，由此可推知，Wong 认为自己的虚拟试衣室会有自己的市场份额。故选 B。B(2017贵州遵义四中高二检测)JollyJoealwaysarrivedatmyneighborhoodatexactlyhalfpastnoon.Theclang(叮当声) ofthebellonhisredandblacktruckwasthenthesweetestsoundintheworld.Brightlycoloredstickersadvertisinghisamazingkinds
39、oftreatscouldbefoundonallsidesofhistruck.Thewholeneighborhoodwouldmagicallycometolife.Holdinganickel(五分镍币)，Idruntothebackofthevehicle，wherechildrenwerealreadygathering.JollyJoewouldjumpoutofhistruck，thesunshiningonhishair.Hewasanoldman，shortandround，withapleasantfaceandawelcomingsmile.Idontknowhow，b
40、utheknewusallbyname ，aswellaswhichtreatswepreferred.MyfavoritewastheBuriedTreasure.Byeatingalltheicecream，youddiscoverthetreasureinside：alion ，adogorevenafunnyclown printedontoaplasticstick.Whenitwasfinallymyturn，hedputhisarmdeepinsideoneoftheboxes ，andpause(停顿) foramoment，apuzzledlookcrossinghisfac
41、e.Then，suddenly，hedpullitout：theBuriedTreasure！Icouldn twaittoenjoythecool，sweeticecream.Asquicklyashearrived，itwastimeforJollyJoetogo，leavingbehindlaughing，excitedchildrenwithstickyhandsandfaces.Soonthesoundofhisclangingbellwouldslowlydisappearinthedistance.IalwayshatedtoseeJollyJoego，becauseIknewt
42、herestofthedaywouldbeashotandboringasbefore.ButItooksomecomfortinknowingthatthenextdayhedcomeroundthecornerathalfpastnoonandonceagainspreadhismagic.语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者童年的一段美好回忆。一位快乐的老人每天开着卡车来社区卖冰淇淋，在炎热的夏季里给孩子们带来快乐和清凉。5.JollyJoewaslikedmostlyby.A.children B.passengersC.advertisers D.drivers答案 A解析 细节理
43、解题。根据第二段第一句“Holdinganickel(五分镍币)，I druntothebackofthevehicle，wherechildrenwerealreadygathering.”和第五段第一句“Asquicklyashearrived，itwastimeforJollyJoetogo，leavingbehindlaughing，excitedchildrenwithstickyhandsandfaces.”可知，JollyJoe 很受孩子们欢迎。6.WhydidtheauthorliketheBuriedTreasurebest?A.Itgavegreatpleasuretohi
44、spet.B.Itwasthecheapestofallthetreats.C.Itcontainedsomethingveryinteresting.D.Itwasthemostdeliciousofallthetreats.答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Byeatingalltheicecream，youddiscoverthetreasureinside：alion，adogorevenafunnyclownprintedontoaplasticstick.”可知，作者喜欢 BuriedTreasure 是因为吃完以后可以在冰激凌的塑料棍上发现印在上面的小狮子、小狗或者小
45、丑等图画。7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJollyJoe?A.Dishonestandtricky.B.Wealthyandkind.C.Braveandhardworking.D.Happyandhumorous.答案 D解析 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Hewasanoldman，shortandround，withapleasantfaceandawelcomingsmile. ”和第四段可知，JollyJoe 总是有一张快乐的脸和热情的笑容，当作者买冰淇淋的时候，还和作者开玩笑，因此推断他是快乐的并富有幽默感的一位老人。8.Whatwoul
46、dbethebesttitleforthetext?A.LostTreasureFoundatLastB.AClangingBellintheDistanceC.IceCreamManSpreadsFrozenMagicD.MyFriendshipwithanIceDreamMan答案 C解析 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，作者讲述了自己童年的一段美好回忆，一位快乐的老人每天开着卡车来社区卖冰淇淋，在炎热的夏季里给孩子们带来快乐和清凉，他的到来让小区里充满快乐。因此推断 C 项“冰激凌老人的冰冻魔法”为最佳标题。.语法填空(2017安徽宣城四校高二检测)Itiswonderfulthatyouar
47、efinally9.interested(interest) intheInternet.Nowwecanuseittokeepintouch.YoucanmakenewfriendsandfindinformationontheInternettoo.Youcaneitherbrowse,10.whichmeansjustlookingatgeneralinformation,11.oruseasearchenginetosearch.Justtypeinwhatyouwanttoknowandtheprogramwillhelpyoufindwhatyouwant.Itwillgiveyo
48、ualistofweb12.addresses(address).Thesearealllinks.Thatmeansyoucanclickonthem，andtheInternetwilltakeyoutodifferentwebsites.Sometimesyouwillgo13.directly(direct) tothewebpagewiththeinformationyouneed.Othertimes，youwillfind14.yourself (you) atthehomepage，whichis15.thefirstpageofawebsite.Ifyoudontfindwh
49、atyouneed，youcanclickonthebackarrowandreturn16.to thepreviouspage.Ifittakesalongtimeforapage17.toappear(appear) onyourscreen， youcanclicktherefreshbutton，andusuallyitwillappear18.faster(fast).Ifyouwanttokeepthepageavailableindoingsomethingelse，justminimizeit.Itwillwaitatthebottomofthescreen.短文改错(2017贵州遵义四中高二检测)Hereismyideaabouthowafriendislike.Firstly，afriendissomeoneyoucanshareyoursecrets.Ifyoutellhimasecret，neverwillhetalksaboutitwithanybodyelse.Besides，afriendisalwaysgood
