1、初一上学期Chapter 1 Making friendsI.知识点和课堂练习A. 重点词组1.be keen on 热衷于 e from 来自 3.enjoy playing rugby 喜欢打橄榄球4.hear from sb 收到某人来信 5.make friends with sb 与某人交朋友 6.play football 踢足球7.play tennis/chess 打网球/下棋 9.live with sb 和某人住在一起 10. reply to 回复 11.speak Chinese 讲汉语 12.write to sb 给某人写信 13. would like to do
2、 sth 想做某事 14.work as 从事 15.walk to school 步行上学 16.at the top-right corner 在右上角 17.a letter from a penfriend 笔友的一封信 18.a photo of myself 我的一张照片 19.in the middle of 在中间 20. a boy called Jim 一个叫 JIM 的男孩 21.ones favourite sport 某人最喜欢的运动 B.解释句子1. Whats your height? = How tall are you? 2. Whats your weigh
3、t? = How heavy are you ? 3. Whats your age? = How old are you?4. Whats the length of it? = How long is it?5. He owns a restaurant. = He has a restaurant. / He is the owner of the restaurant.6. I would like to be an architect. = I want to be an architect.7. He is my favourite singer. = Of all the sin
4、gers, I like him best.8. I heard from him yesterday. = I received a letter from him yesterday.9. He enjoys reading. = He likes reading.10. They come from Beijing. = They are from Beijing.Where do they come from? = Where are they from?11. He is keen on skiing. = He is very interested in skiing.12. I
5、dont know someone called Scott. = I dont know someone named Scott.13.He has a friend called Lin.He has a friend named Lin.14.He lives in a city. The city is called Shenzhen.He lives in a city called Shenzhen.15.Where do you come from?Where are you from?16. He works as an architect.He is an architect
6、.17. He enjoys reading.He likes reading.18.My favourite hobby is playing chess.Of all the hobbies, I like playing chess best.C. 不定冠词 a/an 的用法a 后接辅音开头的单词， an 后接元音开头的单词。注意是根据读音而不是根据字母来判断是用 a/an.5 个元音的字母音 a ei e i: i ai o u u u:5 个元音的短元音：a e bag cat hat mape e pen bed ten henI i big pig sit hillo box h
7、ot dog frogu u but mum bus mug12 个单元音：短元音e e i u 长元音 i: : a: u: : 8 个双元音：ei ai u au i i e u 一般而言,元音字母在单词中发元音,辅音字母在单词中发辅音，但偶有特例特例 an hour 一个小时 an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩 a university 一所大学 a useful/useless thing 有用/无用的东西 a European (cat) 一个欧洲人/一只欧洲猫 a usual day 平常的一天a one-day holiday 一天的假期2.特殊疑问词what 什么(可以
8、用来询问/职业/年龄/年级/号码/颜色/时间/价格/人口或是询问某人怎么了) what colour / what is your name(age/you number/favourite sport) /what time/what colour/what class/what day/ what is the population of /what is wrong with/what about/what do you think of ?when 什么时间(大概的) what time 具体的时间where 什么地点/who 谁/whose 谁的/which 哪一/why 为什么ho
9、w 怎样 -How do you go to school? -I go to school on foot. - How is your father?-He is well now.how old 多大年龄 how many 多少(后接名词复数) how much 多少(不可数)；多少钱how long 物体的长度；时间长度 ( for +一段时间 ) how soon 多久以后( in+一段时间) -How soon will you go? -In two days.how often 多久一次 -How often do you brush your teeth? -Once a d
10、ay.how far 路程的长度 how tall(high)多高 how heavy 多重-How far is it from Beijing to Guangzhou?-Its about 2000 km away.-Its twenty hours ride in train from Beijing to Guangzhou3.and,but,so 的用法and 表示并列的连接，用来连接对等的单词、短语和句子；but 用来表示转折关系；so 表示因果“因此，所以”because 和 so 不可同时连用Because he felt tied, so he fell asleep so
11、on. ( )Because he felt tied, he fell asleep soon. ( )He felt tied, so he fell asleep soon. ( ) II. 课后练习Chapter two. Our daily lifeI. 课堂知识点A 重点的词组1.be in charge of 负责；管理 2.look after 照顾 3. lose ones temper 发脾气 4.stay up 熬夜 5. brush ones teeth 刷牙 6. go to school 上学 7. watch TV 看电视 8. play table tennis
12、 大乒乓球 9.ride a motorbike 骑摩托 10.play the piano 弹钢琴 11. play computer games 玩电脑游戏 12. be similar to sb 和某人相似 13.be different from 与什么不一样 14.be at school 在学校上学 15.get up 起床 16.make a phone call to sb 和某人通电话 17. fail the exam 考试不及格 18.on ones way to school 在上学的路上 19. in an hour or two. 在一到两小时内 18. atte
13、nd the club 参加俱乐部 补充：1. one of the top students 尖子生之一 注意： one of + 可数名词复数2. put on / take off the school uniform 穿上/脱下校服 (强调动作)wear the school uniform 穿校服（强调状态）3. discuss business = talk about business 讨论生意4. drive sb to school/ work 开车送人去上学/上班5. make phone calls to clients = call clients = phone cl
14、ients 给顾客打电话6. achieve A grades = get A grades 取得 A 的成绩7. fail an exam/ pass an exam 考试不及格/ 考试及格fail to do 没有做成succeed in doing sth 成功做8. collect sb from a place 从接人9. return to (a place) = go back to (a place) 返回某地 return home = go back home return sth to sb = give sth back to sb. 还东西给某人10. attend
15、a club / a meeting/ a course 出席俱乐部的活动/会议/参加课程学习辨析：attend , join, join in , take part in 都表示“参加” ，但搭配的短语不一样。join + 团体、组织、党派 如：join the army/ the Pary 参军/ 入党 join in / take part in +活动、比赛 如： join in / take part in the game/match 参加活动/比赛attend + 会议、课程attend a meeting = be present at a meeting. 出席会议11.
16、have meetings / a meeting 开会12. assist sb with sth = help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事assist sb to do sth = help sb (to) do sth13. continue doing = go on doing = keep doing sth 继续做某事14. in an hour or two = in one or two hours 一至两小时15. be similar to 和相似16. be different from = be not the same as 和不同17. be the
17、same as 和一样18. on the way to a place , on ones way to a place 去某地的路上 on the way home. 在回家的路上19. lose ones temper with sb. = get angry with sb 发某人的脾气 (lose- lost) (get- got)have a good / bad temper 脾气好/坏20. take ones temperature 量体温21tell the truth 说真话 tell lies / tell a lie 说谎话区别： truth n. 事实，真理 tru
18、e adj. 真实的, 正确的 a true story 真实的故事 true or false 对还是错22. stay up (late) 熬夜 stay up doing sth 熬夜做某事 （经常性的或已发生）stay up to do sth 熬夜去做某事 (还没有发生，计划去做)23. look after sb = take care of sb 照顾某人24. be in charge of = be responsible for 负责；管理B解释句子1.We discuss business at breakfast.We talk about business at br
19、eakfast.2.My driver drives me to school in a car.My driver drives me to school by car.3.I sometimes make phone calls to clients on the way to school.I sometimes call clients on the way to school.4.I never fail an exam.I always pass an exam.5.Then I return to school.Then I go back to school.6.Other s
20、tudents often ask me to assist them.Other students often ask me to help them.7.Then I continued working on my games.Then I went on working on my games.8.She is one of the top students in Shenzhen.She is one of the best students in Shenzhen.9.She is different from her sister.She is not the same as he
21、r sister.10.He is in charge of his company.He is responsible for his company.11He looks after his little brother.He takes care of his little brother.12. He tells the truth.He doesnt tell a lie.13.He doesnt often lose his temper with others.He isnt often angry with others.B一般现在时的构成1. Be 动词的肯定（否定）句的构成
22、：主语(I/单数/复数)+BE（am.is are）+（not）+其他。I am（not）A teacher.2.BE 动词的疑问句的构成：BE（am.is are）+主语(I/单数/复数)+其他？Is it a girl? 回答:No,主语+be +not No, it is not.3.一般动词的肯定（否定）句的构成: 主语+（dont）+动词原形+其他。I (dont )walk to school4.一般动词的疑问句的构成：Do（does）+主语(复数/单数)+动词原形+其他 ？Do you love it? C. 动词单数第三人称的变化规则i.大多数在词尾加 S; looks,mak
23、es,writesii. 以 s,x,ch,sh 结尾的，在词尾加 es. Discusses teaches mixes washes iii.以辅音字母 Y 结尾的，将 Y 变 i，加 ES files carries studies IV以 O 结尾的动词，加 ES does goesD. 一般现在时的用法1. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。When do you go to bed every day?2. 表示永恒的真理或客观的存在The earth moves around the sun. Silk feels soft and light.3. 表示现在
24、时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性David writes good English.Our English teacher is very kind and helpful.4. 格言或警句中Pride goes before a fall 骄兵必败5. 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时。Will go out to play if it does not rain.I will call you as soon as I come back.E. 表示频率的副词和副词短语Always（总是；一直这样；表示动作重复，中间无间断） （频度为 100%） ，usually（通常
25、；常常；表示很少有例外）（频度为 70%）, often（经常；但是不如 usually 频繁）, sometimes（有时，表示动作偶尔） （20%的频度） （some times 几次/ some time 一段时间/sometime 将来某时）, hardly every,never 这些表示频度的副词一般放在行为动词之前，系动词 BE、助动词和情态动词之后.Chapter 3 TroublesI.课堂知识点A. 1. Deal with/do with 处理 2. hold out 伸出，取出 3. take a ferry 乘渡船 4.call the police 报警 5.wai
26、t for 等待 6.stare at sb 盯着 7.hurry aboard 匆忙上船 8.talk to sb 和某人说话 9.steal sth from sb 偷某人东西 10. go after 追赶 11.run away 逃跑 12.pick up 捡起 13.a few minutes ago几分钟前 14.on the other side of the river 在河的另外一边 15.get off 下车 16.be in handcuffs 戴着手铐17.Well done!干的好 18.see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 19.happen to
27、sb 发生在某人身上 补充：hurry up 赶快 hurry to do = doin a hurry 赶快做某事 hurry n. 匆忙 一次 once，两次 twice;房号的表达：ROOM+数字，年级班级的表达：Class 1,Grade4;页数的表达：Page Two;课的表达：Lesson One,the First Lesson.g.数词的关键考点：具体数字+hundred/thousand/million-Two thousand teachers;hundreds/thousands/millions of 可数名词; hundreds/thousands/millions
28、of books;another+数字=数字+more 另外；another two books,one more book.在。 。 。世纪。 。 。年代 ：在十七世纪二十年代：in the 1620s 或 in the 1620s;a+序数词表示“再一，又一”：He wants to try a second timeThe+序数词 表示“第几”This is the second time I have seen the film.Be the first to do sth:第一次做某事的人。The+序数词+形容词最高级+。 。 。 第几：He is the second talles
29、t student in our class.短语表1. at least = not less than 至少 反义词 at most = not more than 最多2. consist of = be made up of; include 由组成3. help sb with sth 帮助某人某事help sb do sth =help sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事 （注意 do 动词原形）4. stand for = represent 代表注意以下短语中“in”的用法5. in ancient times = many many years ago 在古代时期 注意
30、 times：时期，时代6. in many different ways 用许多不同的方式 介词 in：用7. count in tens 十以内计数 in: 在以内；8. in figures 用数字 in words 用文字9. in a flash 一瞬间Chapter 5 Beyond time and space I.1.重点知识点讲解A.重点词汇1.go through 穿过，通过 2.in pieces 成碎片 3.dress up 装扮、打扮 4.space travel 太空旅行 5.take place 发生 6.be in trouble 处于困境中 7.get out
31、 of 从。 。 。出去 8.land on 登陆。 。 9.jump away 跳离 10.turn to sb. 转向某人 11.be sure 相信 12.have fun 有乐趣 13.tell a story 讲故事 14.be friendly to sb对某人友好 15.be afraid of 害怕 16.take off 起飞 17.see a film 看电影B重点语法1. 一般将来时的构成（I）：主语+shall/will+(一般将来时指的是对将来事物近期或远期的预见，表达个人主观意图以及征求对方意见）肯（否）定句的构成：主语+ WILL（not）+动词原形+其它。 。
32、。疑问句的构成：Will+主语+动词原形+其他。 。？回答方式：Yes,主语+will. No 主语+wont备注：无论主语是第几人称，都可以 WILL，但是当句子的主语是第一人称 I,WE 时，也可以用 shall.I shall (will) learn English next year.Shall we walk to school tomorrow?-Yes,we shall. No,we shall not2. 一般将来时的构成 II:一般将来时的构成（II）：主语+be going to +(表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事)肯（否）定句的构成：主语+be (not) going
33、 to +疑问句：BE+主语+going to +动词原形+。 。 。？ 回答：Yes,主语+be(not).3. 一般将来时的其他构成方式：1. be to+动词原形+（表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见）I am to go to Beijing this winter holiday!2.be about to+动词原形+.（表示即将发生的动作）：He is about to go.3.现在进行时表示将来时：（come，go，leave 可用现在进行时表示按计划将发生的动作） I am going to school tomorrow。 I am leaving to Beijing i
34、n two days！4.一般将来时的重要考点：ALets do sth,shall we? 和 Let us do sth,will you?B祈使句+反义疑问句。 （反义疑问句部分用 will you）Dont forget to mend the car ,will you?C,祈使句+and/or+句子（and 后面的句子用一般将来时）Work hard，and you will make great progress=If you workhard，you will make great progressD主将从现（主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时） If you workhard
35、，you will make great progressI will come to see you when I come back。EThere is going to be+=There will be。 。将有There is going to be a match this weekend。=There will be a match this weekend。3. 表示将来的时间表达A. tomorrow/next/the day after tomorrow/this(这个)/in the future/ from now on/in+一段时间Chapter 6.Beyond
36、time and space(II)重点知识点I.重要的词汇Fall asleep 睡着 wake up 醒来 go out 熄灭 hard work 难事 look for 寻找 in space 在天空中 at a speed of 以什么样的速度 in the sky 在天上 go round 环绕 escape from 从。 。逃离 neithernor 既不。 。也不。 。 be free 自由 moments later 片刻之后 aim at sb 瞄准某人 at that time 在那时 first aid 急救 climb into 爬进 go back 返回 invit
37、e sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 make an invitation 邀请 suggest doing sth 建议做某事 make a suggestion 提建议 have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得开心区别： fall asleep = go to sleep 入睡 go to bed 去睡觉 feel sleepy 感到瞌睡的II.解释句子1. The story probably takes place on another planet. The story probably happens on another planet. 2. We had
38、fun yesterday.We enjoyed ourselves yesterday. 3. Maybe he is friendly. May be he is friendly.4. Suddenly, a dog appeared from nowhere. Suddenly, a dog showed up from nowhere.5. The rat escaped from the cat.The rat run away from the cat.6. He isnt right. You arent right, either.Neither he nor you are
39、 right.7. Gork immediately fell asleep. Gork went to sleep at once.8. Well use this laser torch to melt the bars. Well melt the bars with this laser torch.9. Whats wrong, Gork?Whats the matter , Gork ?10. What happened to Gork? Whats wrong with Gork ?Whats the matter with Gork ?11. Catch the chance,
40、 otherwise youll regret it. (regret v. 后悔) Catch the chance, or youll regret it.12. Dont interrupt me! Stop talking with me !13. He went out secretly.He went out without notice.14. He aimed the gun at the bird.He pointed the gun at the bird.16.His cigarette went out. His cigarette stopped shiningII.
41、 本章重点语法知识1. 介词及方位介词的用法介词是一种虚词，没有词形的变化，通常放在名词或代词之前，用于表示它们与其它词的关系。按照意义来分，英语的介词主要分为三类：时间介词、方位介词和其他介词。方位介词的用法A 方位介词就是表示方位或地点的介词：常见的有 at/in/on/between/inside/outside/in front of 1.AT 表示“在。 。处” ，一般用于较小的比较具体的地点。At this village.2.in 表示“在。 。里面/内部” ；或是在较大的地点。In Beijing,in this box比较 in the tree 和 on the tree，
42、on the wall 和 in the wallIn the tree 指本身不属于树的东西落在了树上。如动物On the tree 指本来树上就长有的。On the wall 指的是在墙的表面如黑板，画等In the wall 表示镶嵌在墙的里面，如窗户、门等注意：in the newspaper: 在报纸上（新闻） ， in the street(on the road)在街上B. 比较地理方位介词 in，ON,TOa. IN 表示 A 地在 B 地的范围之内Shanghai is in the east of China.b.on 表示 A 地与 B 地接壤、毗邻North Korea
43、 is on the east of China.c.TO 表示 A 地在 B 地范围之外，即两者之间有距离Japan lies to the east of China.d. on 表示“在某物上面”但两者接触。比较 ON ,OVER,ABOVE,beneathON 表示一物放在另一物上面，两者紧贴在一起。A book on the deskOVER 表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系“在。 。上方”(反义词是 UNDER).a bridge over the riverAbove 表示在某物的斜上方，或“高于。 。 ”（反义词是 below）.Beneath 常可以和 below 互换，表示在。
44、。下方，在。 。脚下e.behind 表示“在某物的后面”f.”in front of “表示“在。 。前面” （反义词是 behind注意：In front of 指“在某物的外部的前方”There are some big trees in front of the classroom.In the front of “指的是在某物的内部靠前的地方“The driver is always in the front of the bus.In the front“在前面”I like to sit in the front.g.near 表示“在某事物的附近”beside 和 by 都表示
45、“在。 。旁边”near 表示距离比 beside 和 by 稍远些。也时常换用。Near to 表示“紧挨着” ， “紧靠。 。的旁边”h.between 表示“在。 。 。之间” ，常用于 betweenand”“在。 。之间”between 表示“在两者之间” ，among 表示“在三者或三者以上”B 限定词“some”和“any”1.“some”和“any”可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词。Some (any)books/water2. some 常用于肯定句中，而 any 用在否定和疑问句中。3.some 和 any 的特殊用法。Some 用在疑问句，表示建议，请求或是期望得到肯
46、定回答。Would you like some tea?What about some apple juice?Any 用于肯定句中，起强调作用。表示“任何”常用结构“any+单数名词”Any student can answer this question.4. some+单数名词 表示“某一”some day some one5. some more 意思是“一些更多的”,some other 意思是“一些其他的” ，在否定和疑问句中用 any other.但是“any other”其他任何Can you give me some more coffee?C.不定代词：既不指明代替任何特定
47、名词或形容词的代词。常见的不定代词有：some(something,somebody,someone);any(anything,anybody,anyone);no(nothing,nobody,no one);every(everything,everybody,everyone);all,each,both,none,one,either,neither,other,another,much,many,(a )little,(a)few;1.Somebody,someone,somethingSomebody,someone,something 用于肯定句中Somebody 某人;som
48、ething 某事/某物Something 可以用于提建议或请求的问句中，希望得到肯定回答；Would you like something to eat?2. anybody,anyone,anythinganybody,anyone,anything 用于否定和疑问句中, Anybody 任何人，anything 任何事/物。 （anyone,anything 用于肯定句中表示“任何人”或“任何事/物）3. nobody,no one,nothingnobody=not anybody 没有一个人I saw nobody=I didnt see anybody.Nothing=notanything 什么也没有I heared nothing.=I didnt hear anything.No one=none 一个人也没有4. 复合不定代词A 复合不定代词在句子中作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。B.不定代词+形容词（不定代词的定语要后置）Nothing serious.There is something important in the newspaper.C.have
