1、语气,英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。,1、If+主语+动词过去式 2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形 3、If+主语+should +动词原形,If+主语+ 动词的过去式 （be动词一般用were),主语+would ( should / might / could )动词原形,即：If+一般过去时态 （be动词一般用were),If+主语+had +动词的过去分词,即：If+过去完成时态,主语 + would ( should / might / could )have done,主语+wou
2、ld ( should / might / could )动词原形,Subjective mood,If 型Should +v型类似if型,。 。 。,混杂条件句(各自为准) Were, had ,should提前，省略if,1. 一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。,2. It is（necessary，strange）+that,wish/as if Would rather/ if onlyIt is (high) time thatBut for/otherwise/without/in that case,1.过去式 2.过去完成 3.could、would、might +v,1
3、.过去式 2.过去完成,Should（不省） +v/ 过去式,1.Would,could,should,might+v,2.would,could,should,might +have done,insist suggest,虚拟语气(1) 动词的语气表示说话人的态度和看法，可分为陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用来陈述讲话人认为是事实的事情，有肯定、否定、疑问和感叹等形式。祈使语气用来说明说话人的请求、命令等。虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。,If I had got up earlier , I could have
4、 caught the train.,If I get up early, I will catch the train.,a. if真实条件句 表示条件是真的或有可能实现的, 采用陈述语气。,b. if虚拟条件句表示对事实的相反的假设，或是虚拟的或几乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。,虚拟语气,虚拟语气：虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实(不是事实或不大可能发生的事情)。 虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。,虚拟语气的概念,高考中虚拟语气的常考形式：,1. if 引导的虚拟条件句,与现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,与将来事实可能相反,if虚拟条件句,did（be动词用
5、were),would( should / might / could )动原,If I had a great deal of money now, I would buy a big house for my parents.,与现在事实相反,If I were the schoolmaster , I would let the students get up a little later.,与现在事实相反,schoolmaster,if虚拟条件句,1、did 2、were to+ 动原 3、should +动原,would ( should / might / could )动原,If
6、 I met Obama some day, I would shake hands with him. If I were to meet Obama some day, If I should meet Obama some day, ,与将来事实相反,if虚拟条件句,had +done,would ( should / might / could )have done,If the boy had driven more carefully, he would not have caused the car accident.,与过去事实相反,If the foreigner had l
7、earnt how to swim, he would not have been trapped on the island for four years.,与过去事实相反,2.虚拟条件句中的倒装a.在虚拟条件句中，如果条件句中有were, had（助动词）或should时，可使用倒装结构， were, had,或should 可提前，if省略。b.若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had等缩略成werent，shouldnt，hadnt置于句首。,1). If I had seen him then, I would have been ver
8、y happy. = Had I seen him then, I would have been very happy. 2). If I should have time, I would go with you. = Should I have time, I would go with you. 3). If I were not so busy, I would go with you. = Were I not so busy, I would go with you.,补充例句： 要不是因为 (固定句式) If it were not for If it were not for
9、 lacking money, I would go travelling right now.= Were it not for lacking money, If it had not been for If it had not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work yesterday. = Had it not been for , ,与过去事实相反,与现在事实相反,虚拟条件句和主句动作如发生的时间不一致，主句和从句的谓语要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式，这种句子叫做错综时间条件句。,解题关键：看好主从
10、句，选好相应时态,3、错综时间条件句的虚拟语气,1、If+主语+动词过去式 2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形 3、If+主语+should +动词原形,If+主语+ 动词的过去式 （be动词一般用were),主语+would ( should / might / could )动词原形,If+主语+had +动词的过去分词,主语 + would ( should / might / could )have done,主语+would ( should / might / could )动词原形,错综时间条件句,错综时间条件句,1).如果你当时接受我的建议，现在就能完成这份工作了。 I
11、f you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now.2).如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.,这样的虚拟句不含有if从句，而是以but 、but for、with、without、or（else)、otherwise等引导的句子代替if从句，主句的谓语动词的形式与前面虚拟语气的基本用法相同（情过+do或情过+have done)。,4、含蓄条件句,1.I was ill that day. Ot
12、herwise, I _ (take part in) the sports meet.2.We _(not finish) the work ahead of time without your help.3.But for the rain, we _(get) the station on time.,would have got to,could not have finished,would have taken part in,【单项填空】 Without water in the world, everything _.Awill die Bwould die Cwould ha
13、ve died Dhas died Thanks a lot. We _the work on time without your help. Ahadnt finished Bdidnt finish Ccouldnt have finished Dcouldnt finish,summary,were, had ,should提前，省略if, not不提前,If 型虚拟语气,but for/otherwise/ without/in that case 1.Would,could,should,might+v 2.would,could,should,might+have done,现：d
14、id would( should / might / could )动原,过：1.did2.were to+ 动原 would( should / might / could )动原3.should +动原,将：had +done would ( should / might / could ) have done,错综时间条件句(各自为准),判断是否虚拟,2. 判断虚拟类型,3. 判断虚拟时间,Pass!,虚拟语气应试对策,Exercise,1. If my father _ here now, he _ tell me what to do. were; wouldwas; willhad
15、 been; wouldis; will,Exercise,2. If he _my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow,Exercise,3.If the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic. But it _ all day. A. rained B. rains C. has rained D. is raining,4. If I _ in the 22nd cent
16、ury, I _ my vacation in a very different way.,should live; would spendwill live; should spend are living; should have spentwill be living; would have spent,5. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will,Exercise,tomorrow,6.If it wer
17、e not for the fact that she _ sing，I would invite her to the party. A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. might not,7. But for the help of my English teacher, I _ the first prize in the English writing competition.A. would not win B. would not have wonC. would win D. would have won,Exercise,8. If the Un
18、ited States had built more homes for poor people in 1955，the housing problems now in some parts of this country _ so serious. A. wouldnt be B. will not have beenC. wouldnt have been D. would have not been,Exercise,now,in 1955,9._strict with me when I was young，I could not be such a successful person
19、 now.A. If you are not BIf you were notCWere you not DIf you had not been,Exercise,10. Why didnt you buy the flat? I_，but I didnt have the money. would have B. bought C. would like to D. had bought,Exercise,but,语法填空Van Gogh is one of the worlds most famous artists. But he died at the age of 37, alon
20、e and poor. Almost 21 knew or cared about his art at that time. Although he was a great genius, he suffered 22 (great). Some say that his madnesswas what he paid for his art. Actually, if Van Gogh 23 (die) at the age of twenty, no one would have connected him with failure or mental illness. Instead
21、he would have been remembered by those close to him 24 a dutiful (孝顺的）son.,If I were a teacher, I would not treat my students just as some know-nothing kids. I wouldnt give them homework that can never be done. If I were a teacher, I would try my best to let them like me, not be afraid of me. I woul
22、dnt teach them just as if I were a sage. If I were a teacher, I would make friends with my students. I would respect them and understand them. If I were a teacher, I would make study a happy thing to my students, but not a burden to them,homework,1.P94 I II 2.预习虚拟语气part 2,4.（2010高考英语北京卷）-The weather
23、 has been very hot and dry. -Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables _.A. wouldnt die B. didnt dieC. hadnt died D. wouldnt have died,【答案】 D 【解析】表示与过去事实相反的假设，故主句用would/could/might/should+have done，即D项正确。,1.（2010高考英语天津卷）John went to the hospital alone.If h
24、e me about it, I would have gone with him. A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told,【答案】D 【解析】主从句都是对过去发生事实的一种意愿表达，从句采用have done的结构，故选D。,2.（2010高考英语陕西卷）If we _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken,【答案】B 【解析】主句的谓语动词形式might ha
25、ve arrived可知题干是与过去事实相反选B。,3.（2010高考英语湖南卷）If he my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job.A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow,【答案】C,1.If he _ his legs yesterday, he _ with us now.A. hadnt hurt ; would go B. hadnt hurt; would have goneC. didnt hurt; would go D. didnt hurt; would
26、 have gone 2.It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A. wouldnt have fallenB. had not fallenC. should failD. were to fail,If the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic. But it _ all day. A. rai
27、ned B. rains C. has rained D. is raining 解析： 句子前半部分陈述的是与过去事实相反的事情，所以用了虚拟语气。“下了一天的雨”是事实，所以用陈述语气。因为是发生在过去的事实，所以正确答案为A。,If it were not for the fact that she _ sing，I would invite her to the party. A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. might not 解析： that从句为同位语从句，描述的是事实，用陈述语气。正确答案为C。,Thank you for all your h
28、ard work last week. I dont think we _ it without you. A. can manage B. could have managed C. could managed D. can have managed,If I _plan to do anything I wanted to, Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.(05湖北)A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to解析： 句子描述的是与将来事实相反的事情，
29、所以正确答案为B。,He hesitated for a moment before he kicked the ball, otherwise he _ a goal.A. had scored B. scoredC. would score D. would have scored I was away that day, otherwise I _ the lecture. A. had attended B. would have attended C. would attend D. attended,虚拟条件不直言， 都在上下文中联； 要不是没有就缺乏，要不然否则就假设，,but
30、for要不是, without没有, in the absence of, 缺乏时， or else否则，不然的话 otherwise 否则 suppose 假设 providing如果，假设,含蓄条件句,but for要不是, without没有,What will you do if it rains tomorrow?,I will sleep at home if it rains tomorrow.,should do ! should do ! should do !,二. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气,二. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气,用在表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句中。常见的动词
31、有： suggest, propose, recommend, demand, request, require, command, order, insist, desire, urge等。 一个坚持：insist(坚决要求)两个命令：order, command三个建议：suggest, advise, propose四个要求：demand, require ,request, desire 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原形，should可省略。,宾语从句,我们建议Tom 去休息一下。 他坚持要我与他同行。 他们要求派Tom去那儿工作
32、。 老师要求作业要及时完成。,We suggested _ .,He insisted _ .,They requested (that) Tom _ .,(that) Tom have a rest,(that) I (should ) go with him,(should) be sent to work there,The teacher asked (that) our homework _ .,(should) be finished in time,2. 这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用should do It is suggested that we (should) pract
33、ise reading English everyday. The suggestion given by our teacher is that we (should) practise reading English everyday. The teacher give us a suggestion that we (should) practise reading English everyday.,It is ordered / commanded / suggested / advised / requested / required / demanded that (should
34、) do The / ones insistence / order / command / suggestion / advice / proposal / recommendation / request / requirement / demand / desire is / was that (should) do a / the suggestion / request (等) that (should) do ,I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should ) be
35、sent there. 注意： 如suggest, insist不表示“建议“ 或“坚持要某人做某事时“，即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明“、“坚持认为“时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 1.The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules. 2.He insisted that she _(be) seriously ill and that _(send) to hospitals at once. 3.He suggested that we_ (have) a meeting at once. 4.His pale f
36、ace suggested that he _(be) ill.,obey,was,be sent,have,was,例 (2010福建，29)Teachers recommend parents _their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. Anot allow Bdo not allow Cmustnt allow Dcouldnt allow 解析：考查虚拟语气。recommend后的宾语从句谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”，因此A项正确。 答案：A,Its suggested that the pl
37、an (should) be carried out at once .The old womans demand is that her son (should) come to see her once a week.We are in favor of the advice that the factory (should) be closed down.,在“It is / was + 某些形容词/过去分词+ that从句”句型中,that从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气,即“(should+)动词原形”,表示惊奇、遗憾、怀疑、不满等。这些形容词有:important, necessary
38、, essential, natural, strange, advisable, desirable, possible, probable,astonishing, surprising; 过去分词有:desired, suggested, requested, recommended, ordered, proposed, decided等。,3、主语从句中的虚拟语气,It 做主后有形， 奇怪重要自然行,It is demanded that we should work out a plan. It is suggested that the meeting (should) be p
39、ut off till next week. 有人建议会议应推迟到下周。 It is strange that he (should) have acted towards his parents like that. 他那样对待自己的父母很奇怪。 Its a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.,我们有必要出去散散步。 Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 她这样做是很自然的。 Its natural that she should do so. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 Its impo
40、rtant that we should take good care of the patient. 她竟然没有被邀请,真是奇怪。 It is strange that she shouldnt have been invited.,注意：以下句式也可以用于陈述语气。 很奇怪他昨天没来。 Its strange that he didnt come yesterday. 很可惜你没有跳舞。 Its a pity that you didnt dance.,3. wish 的宾语从句,wish 的宾语从句,与现在事实相反: 一般过去时( be 用were ) 与过去事实相反: 过去完成时 与将
41、来事实相反: would/could /might+V.原,I wish I _ (be) as tall as Yao Ming.,were,I wish/wished I _ (have not) eaten so much watermelon.,hadnt,I wish it _ ( will ) rain tomorrow. If so, I can stay at home to have a good sleep.,would,He wishes he _ ( become ) a scientist some day.,could / would become,我希望和你一样高
42、。I wish I were as tall as you. 他希望他没讲那样的话。 He wished he hadnt said that. 我希望明天下雨就好了。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. wish to do wish sb / sth to do I wish to see the manager.= I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. = I want the manager to be informed at once.,三. 虚拟语气特殊句
43、型与固定句式:,would rather(that),宁愿，但愿,sb did ,与现在或将来情况相反,sb had done ,与过去情况相反,I would rather you returned me my money now.,I would rather we hadnt told her the bad news.,I would rather you came tomorrow.,2. as if / as though,思考： as if / as though 后面的句子是主句还是从句？,He behaves as if he_(own) the house.,owned,1
44、). 从句的动作与主句动作同时发生 (可以理解成与现在事实相反),He behaves as if he _ (be) the owner of the house.,were,She talked about Rome as though she _ (be) there herself.,had been,2). 从句的动作发生在主句动作之前 (可以理解成与过去事实相反),He coughed (咳嗽) twice as if someone would come. 他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。,3). 从句的动作发生在主句动作之后 (可以理解成与将来事实相反),She loves the
45、 baby as if it _her own son. It seems as if it _spring. I remember the whole thing as if it _yesterday. They talked as if they _friends for years. He looks as if he _drunk.,were,were,had happened,had been,were,在look, seem等系动词后的“as if / though”引导的从句,当表示真实情况时,用陈述语气;否则就用虚拟语气。,It seems as if it were alr
46、eady spring. 好像已经是春天了。(虚拟语气),It seems as if they know each other. 他们好像彼此认识。(真实情况),3. It is (high / about ) time (that) “是时候. (做某事)”注意: should不能省略,sb did,sb should do,是时候采取措施来保护环境了。 It is ( high / about ) time that we took / should take measures to protect the environment. 你该走了。 Its (high / about) ti
47、me that you went / should go.,例 Its high time the government _measures to help the graduates. Atakes Btook Cwill take Dhas taken 解析：考查虚拟语气。句式It be (about/high) time接从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用一般过去式。 答案：B,4. 在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的固定句式中常使用虚拟语气Its necessary / strange / natural (自然的, 理应如此的) / important + that sb (should) do,1). It is important that we _ ( master ) a foreign language. 2). 真奇怪，她竟然拒绝来参加party。Its _ that she _ to come to the party. 3). 鸟在树上安歇 / 休息是很自然的。 It is _ that a bird _ in trees.,
