1、一般过去时的构成,概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 基本构成：主语+动词（包括be）的过去时 常用的时间状语：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等具体时间状语。 【注】不论是否定句还是一般疑问句，只要用了助动词，原句中的谓语动词的过去时都要还原成动词原形；主+系+表结构的句子，主语要和was和were在人称和数上保持一致。,一般过去时的用法,表示过去某一时刻或某段时间发生的动作或者存在的状态。常与表示过去的时间状语连用。例如：I lived here 5 years ago.
2、表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如： When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 一般过去时的形式有时并不表示过去的动作而是只表示说话人的委婉语气。例如：could you tell me your name?,现在完成时的构成,概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词 否定形式：主语+have/has+not+过去分词 常用的时间状语：now,today, tonight, this week, this
3、year, already, yet, just, since, recently,in the past few years等等,使用现在完成时应注意：,“ have/ has got ”形式上是一种完成时，但和have/ has 为同一意义，即 “有”。例如：Have you got a pen-friend? -Yes, I have. have/ has gone to 与 have/has been to 的区别：have/ has gone to 强调“去而未归”； have/ has been to 强调“去而归还”。 have/ has been to常和once, scinc
4、e, never, ever连用； have/ has gone to则不可。 非延续性动词不能用于“现在完成时 + 表示一段时间的状语”的句型中。这类动词有：come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop等。但它们能够用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词。,现在完成时的用法,目前已经完成的动作，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。例如：I have lost my wallet.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的情况,常与for,since连用
5、。例如：Mary has been ill for three days.现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作。例如：We have had four texts this semester.,Key structure,1 现在完成时（the present perfect）构成：have/has + done(过去分词)一般过去时（ The simple past ）谓语用动词的过去式,Key structure,现在完成时与一般过去时的比较,1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影
6、响，强调的是影响。,I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了。） I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）,2一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用; 现在完成时通常与模糊时间状语连用或无时间状语。,一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，ago, in1990, in October, just now, - 具体的时间状语 现在完成时的时间状语: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now
7、, in the past few years, recently, -模糊的时间状语,句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时 错Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. 对Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.,Grammar,现在完成时口诀 现在完成时，have/has+v.ed; 过去某时已发生，后果影响到现在，just，yet, already , so far, never, up
8、to now, in the past few years特别记；过去动作或状态， 一直持续到现在， 常连since时间点，for加时间段， 变疑问，have/has要提前； 变否定，not紧跟其后.,比较： He has lived in China for ten years. 他在中国住了十年。（含义：他可能还住在中国，也可能刚刚离开中国。）同样地，如果用了与现在时间没有联系的确定的是状语，也用一般过去时。 I have been all over Africa. 我一直在游历非洲， I went all over Africa in 1965. 1965年我游遍了非洲。,一般过去时和现
9、在完成时的区别,过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。,She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来了。He has been
10、in New York for many years.Have you ever been to Beijing？,举例,句子中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时，取决于动作是否对现在有影响。 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday,last week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。 共同的时间状语: this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately 等。,（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last
11、night.（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night,比较练习,1. - Where _you _ (put) the book? I cant see it anywhere. - I _(put) it right here. But now its gone. A. did ; put; put B. have; put; put C. did; put; have put D. have; put; have put 2. We havent heard from Jane for a long time. What do you
12、suppose _ to her? A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened 3. Hello, I _ you were in London. How long _ here? A. dont know; were you B. hadnt known; are you C. havent known; are D. didnt know; have you been,B,C,D,Lesson 5,No wrong numbers,单词学习,pigeon n. 鸽子 message n. 信息 cover v. 越过 di
13、stance n. 距离 request n. 要求，请求 spare part 备件 service n. 业务，服务,message n. （口头或书面的）信息 这是你妹妹给你的信息。 Here is a message for you from your sister. leave sb. a message 给留便条 我会给你留个便条。 Ill leave you a message. take a message for sb. 替某人捎口信 你能替我捎个口信吗? Can you take a message for me? take a message to sb. 给某人口信 你
14、能给Tim捎个信吗？ Can you take a message to Tim?,cover vt. 盖，覆盖 be covered with 被.盖满, 充满着. The ground was covered with snow. She covered the child with a coat. vt. 行过（一段距离），走过（通常不用被动） cover+距离 越过 我们一周内到过三个国家 We covered three countries in a week. n. 覆盖物，盖子，罩子，套子 给盒子盖上盖子！ Put a cover on the box!,distance n.
15、距离 keep distance保持距离 distant adj.远距离的 importance n. 重要 important adj. 重要的 difference n. 不同 different adj. 不同的,request n. 要求, 请求 request for 对有请求, 有需求 他同意了我延长时间的请求。 He agreed with my request for more time. 她向加里请求帮助。 She sent a request for help to Gary. v. 要求, 请求request sb.to do sth. 要求某人做 ask sb.to d
16、o sth. （对人要求习惯用被动语态） 在饭店里不能吸烟。 You are requested not to smoke in the restaurant.,spare adj. 多余的，空闲的，剩下的，备用的 你可以在备用卧室睡觉。 You can sleep in the spare bedroom. 我在哪能买到这个机器的备件？ Where can I get spare parts for this machine? spare time 业余时间,空闲时间 I have no spare time now.我现在没空。 I like playing the piano in my
17、 spare time.,service n. 业务, 服务 The service in that hotel is quite good. service既可以指公用事业的业务 the mail service（邮政业务） the telephone service（电话业务） 也可指办这些业务的机构 a travel service（旅行社） a news service（通讯社）。 At your service. = I am glad to be at your service. 我很乐意为您效劳. Sorry, the number you dial is out of serv
18、ice, please try again and dial later.,课文讲解,Mr. James Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst. Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons. Yesterday, a pigeon carri
19、ed the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury. The bird covered the distance in three minutes. Up to now, Mr. Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other. In this way, he has begun his own private telephone service.,Mr. James Scott has
20、a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst. another(+单数名词) 其它的很多个中的一个 Can you show me another? other(+名词) adj.其它的(可加单/复数名词) Mary is taller than any other girl in the class. the other 两个之中的另外一个 onethe other 一个另一个 One is watering the flowers, and the other is reading. ot
21、hers(不用再加名词)= other + 名词复数 Some boys are playing football, and others are playing basketball.,other 可用作形容词，修饰单、复数名词others 表示泛指，意为“其他的人或事物”，表示除了一部分以后的另一些，但不是剩下的全体，有列举未尽的意味在内，常和some搭配构成some.others句型。the others表示特指，意为“其他的人物”，它指一定范围内除去一部分以后，剩下的全部的人或物。,Grammar,O-O one the other 两个东西中的一个是one,另一个是the other
22、 O-O O O One another O-O O O one the others 多数中的一个，剩下的全部 O O O-O O O O some the others 一方为一些，另一方为剩下的全部,Grammar,Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons. 介词from在这里表示距离上相隔，作“距”、“离”讲，常与away连用 学校到公交车站只有1英里 Bus
23、 stop is only one mile from school. How far.? 多远（对距离提问） 公交车站有多远？ How far is the bus stop? 公交车站离这有10英里远。 The bus stop is ten miles away from here. get a telephone 安装电话,Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury. carry v. 带着, 携带（不着地） 我带着包 I carry the bag. take v. 带着 我带我妹妹去电
24、影院。 I take my sister to the cinema. fromto表示从一个地方到另一个地方 他从头到脚的看着这个女孩 He looked at the girl from head to foot. 家家户户都得知了这条消息。 The news spread from house to house.,The bird covered the distance in three minutes. cover the distance 飞过那段距离 Up to now, Mr.Scott has sent a great many requests for spare part
25、s and other urgent messages from one garage to the other. up to now =up till now 到目前为止，到现在为止 作时间状语，时态多用现在完成时，相当于until/till now Up to now, he has not been married. request for 对的需求 a great many(+可数名词复数) 许多 在暴风雨中，很多房子都被摧毁了。 A great many houses were destroyed in the storm. a great number of(+可数名词复数) 许多
26、,urgent adj. 紧急的 something urgent 紧急的事情,In this way, he has begun his own private telephone service. in this way: 这样,以这种方式 就这样，他赢得了那场比赛。 In this way, he has won the game. in a way : 从某种意义上来说 在某种程度上来说，你挺好的。 In a way, you are kind. in the way:挡路 那个椅子挡路了 The chair is in the way. by the way:随便说一声, 随便问一下 on the way(to):在去.的途中(陈述句) 我在上学的路上见到了Lucy I met Lucy on the way to school,
