1、At critical moments,Unit 4,Its important to find out what is happening now.important: having or likely to have great effort, value, or influence. 2. These are very significant points which we must consider carefully. significant: of noticeable importance, effect, or influence.,3. He made a weighty s
2、peech to the party. weighty: important and serious 4. Serious damage was done by the storm. serious: not easily dealt with; needing careful thought 5. The sick mans condition is grave. grave: important and needing attention,6. We can live without clothes, but food and drink are essential to life. es
3、sential: completely necessary for the existence or success of something 7. This point is vital to my argument. vital: very necessary,8. We are in danger because the enemy hold all our key towns. key: very important 9. Pressing business matters prevented him from taking a holiday. pressing: that must
4、 have attention, action, etc, now,10. It was a critical time in our history. critical: of being a moment of great danger 11. The answer to this question is crucial for the future of the human race.crucial: of deciding importance 12. He received an urgent telephone call to go home. urgent: badly need
5、ing attention, action,Listening and speaking,B The condition for sailing became dangerous and the wind raged at 35 sea miles an hour. They were thrown into the sea. He was in the team of Canada. He was in the second place then.,5.The union jury awarded him the second place, the place he was in when
6、he went to the sailors aid. 6. He got a special award for his bravery.,C half point the second place the 22nd 32 boats,The passage is about_. The author expresses his idea on _ and _ by telling a story in which Louis Alexander Slotin _ at a critical moment.,The passage is about morality. The author
7、expresses his idea on the highest morality and the essence of morality by telling a story in which Louis Alexander Slotin saved his co-workers lives at a critical moment.,Passage structure,Part 1: The background information of the story. Part 2: The details about the accident. Part 3: The authors pu
8、rpose for telling the story.,1.He was an atomic physicist. 2. He was carrying out an experiment in the laboratory at Los Alamos with seven other men. 3. The experiment instruments showed a great upsurge of neutrons, which is a sign that a chain reaction has begun.,4. He saved his seven co-workers li
9、ves. He pulled the pieces of plutonium apart with his bare hands and thus cut to a minimum the time during which the assembly of plutonium was giving out neutrons and radioactive rays. 5. He exactly predicted that he would die and his co-workers would recover.,6. There are two things that make up mo
10、rality. One is the sense that other people matter; the sense of human love; the other is a clear judgment of what is at stake. 7. The essence of morality is that each of us should deeply search his own conscience and should then act steadfastly as it tells him to do. 8.c,Reading Comprehension Words
11、& Expressions,1. moral n.,a practical lesson about what to do or how to behave 寓意，道德上的教训 e.g. 1. The moral of this story for children is that brothers and sisters shouldnt quarrel.2. The moral of the film was that crime does not pay.,2. carry out a) do sth as required; fulfill sth实施；实现carry out a pr
12、omise/a thread/a plan/an order实践诺言、进行威胁、实施计划、执行命令 b) perform or conduct (an experiment, etc)进行（实验）等 Several tests have been carried out on the patient.对患者进行了几次试验。,3 be good with ones hands 手巧； 操作熟练,Reading Comprehension Words & Expressions,4. daring adj.,showing bravery or willingness to take risks
13、勇敢的，胆大的 e.g. 1. a daring person/action 2. a daring effort to save the city,5.be concerned with sth: be about sth 与某事物有关； 涉及某事物她最近的一部记录片是关于青年人失业问题的。 Her latest documentary is concerned with youth unemployment.,be concerned in sth与某事有牵连或对某事负有责任 be concerned to do sth 把某事视为自己的事 be concerned about/for s
14、th/that:担心的；忧虑的；烦恼的,Reading Comprehension Words & Expressions,6. assembly n.,the process of putting the parts of something together 组合 e.g. 1. instructions for assembly 2. The assembly of the parts of the machine took me several hours.,7. sustain: keep going; maintain 使持续下去；保持,8. chain reaction,Read
15、ing Comprehension Words & Expressions,a chemical or nuclear reaction which produces energy and causes more reactions of the same kind （化学上的）连锁反应 e.g. 1. A sudden drop on Wall Street can set off a chain reaction in other financial markets.2. An atomic explosion is created by setting off a chain react
16、ion in the atom.,Reading Comprehension Words & Expressions,9. explosive adj.,able or likely to explode 有爆炸性的，易爆炸的 e.g. 1. Because the gas is highly explosive, it needs to be kept in high-pressure containers. .,a large amount of a substance which does not have a definite or regular shape 团，块，堆 e.g. 1
17、. a cold air mass2. A great mass of rock fell from the cliff and blocked the road.,Reading Comprehension Words & Expressions,10. mass n.,Reading Comprehension Words & Expressions,11. ensure v.,to make certain that something will happen properly 确保 e.g. 1. The recommendation letter will ensure you an
18、 interview.2. Great efforts ensure the success of our work.,Reading Comprehension Words & Expressions,12. tempt v.,to try to persuade someone to do something by making it seem attractive 吸引；使产生兴趣e.g. 1. The warm sun tempted us to go swimming.2. The offer of a high salary tempted Tom.,Reading Compreh
19、ension Words & Expressions,13. fraction n.,a very small amount of something 小部分；微量e.g. 1. I got these shoes at a fraction of the original price. 2. Ill be ready in a fraction of a second.,Reading Comprehension Words & Expressions,14. upsurge (in) n.,a sudden increase 突然的增长 e.g. 1. There was an upsur
20、ge in violence during June and July. 2. A new upsurge in construction is in the making.,15. move: take action采取行动Unless the employers move quickly, there will be a strike. 雇主若不尽快采取措施，就要引起一场罢工。,Reading Comprehension Words & Expressions,16. virtually adv.,almost; very nearly 实际上，事实上 e.g. 1. My book is
21、 virtually finished; Ive only a few changes to make in the writing. 2. He virtually lived in his office.,17. suicide n.,Reading Comprehension Words & Expressions,the act of killing oneself 自杀 e.g. 1. to commit suicide2. He attempted suicide after his firm had gone bankrupt.,18. precise: (attrib) exa
22、ct 精确的 The book was found at the precise spot where she had left it. 书正好在她遗落的那个地点找到了。,19. fix : find out the exact position确定,Reading Comprehension Words & Expressions,20. alert v.,to officially warn someone about a problem so that they are ready to deal with it 使警觉，通知 e.g. 1. The doctor alerted me
23、to the danger of not getting enough sleep. 2. The school immediately alerted the police.,Reading Comprehension Words & Expressions,21. companion n.,a person who spends time with another 同伴，伙伴 e.g. 1. For ten years he had been her constant companion.2. His brother is not much of a companion for him.,
24、22. turn out to be sb/sth; turn out that: prove to be sb/sth;come to be known that 证明是 ; 原来是 She turned out to be a friend of my sister.,Reading Comprehension Words & Expressions,23. minimum n.,the smallest amount of something or number of things that is possible 最小量；最低程度e.g. 1. The judge recommende
25、d that he should serve a minimum of 12 years.2. She had reduced her consumption of fat and sugar to an absolute minimum.,cut: reduce sth 削减 Cut your report to five pages,please. 请将报告删减为5页。,Reading Comprehension Words & Expressions,24. charity n.,kindness or sympathy that you show towards other peopl
26、e 仁爱，慈爱 e.g. 1. Charity made her give food to the old woman.2. Originally，the charity was set up to help orphans in urban areas.,Reading Comprehension Words & Expressions,25. at stake v.,at risk 处于险境 e.g. 1. By the time the conferences actually began in December, they had realised that real interest
27、s were at stake.2. They didnt carry out the plan because too much was at stake.,Reading Comprehension Words & Expressions,25. deception v.,the act of deliberately making someone believe something that is not true 欺骗 e.g. 1. She didnt have the courage to admit to her deception.2. He was convicted of
28、obtaining money by deception.,Reading Comprehension Words & Expressions,26. conscience n.,the part of your mind that tells you whether what you are doing is morally right or wrong 良知 e.g. 1. have a clear/good conscience 问心无愧2. have a guilty /bad conscience 有愧于心/ 良心不安,3.have no conscience 没良心 4.in (a
29、ll) conscience 的确；正当的；凭良心 5.on ones conscience凭良心；一定 6. It was his guilty conscience that made him offer to help. 7. Well, at least I can face them all with a clear conscience.,Reading Comprehension Words & Expressions,26. steadfastly adv.,being certain that you are right about something and refusin
30、g to change your opinion in any way 坚定不移地 e.g. 1. They steadfastly refused the unfair contract.2. Rose marched ahead of them all, steadfastly alone.,After-reading Tasks Discussion,1. What else do you think Slotin could have done when the accident happened? 2. What would you do if you were Slotin? 3.
31、 Do you agree with the writers definition of morality? 4. What do you think the story about Slotin illustrates, heroisms, morality or both? Why?,Language in Use,Narrative tenses are the grammatical structures that you use when telling a story, or talking about situations and activities which happene
32、d at a defined past time. But it does not necessarily mean only past tense is used in the narrative. Often the narrator switches between past tense to present tense.,Language in Use Grammar Development,1. past progressive/ The past continuous tenseIt puts emphasis on the course of an action in the p
33、ast. 2. past simple and present The past simple tense/ The simple past tense shows the story happened in the past,and the present tense / The simple present tense presents a common phenomenon.,3. past simple,present tense and future simple/ the future tense. The past simple tense/ The simple past te
34、nse shows the story happened in the past; the present tense tells a truth that wont change with time; the future simple/ the simple future tense is used together with the when-clause.,4. present tenseThe present tense tells a truth that wont change with time. 5. past perfectIt is used to describe so
35、mething that had happened before sometime in the past.,Language in Use Grammar Development,Its not every week that Englands greatest playwright William Shakespeare _(hit) the headlines. In the first development, a portrait of Shakespeare, which _(be) believed to be the only picture painted of him du
36、ring his lifetime, _(be) unveiled in London. The artwork has been dated back to 1610, meaning it _(be) painted six years before the writers death. The painting _owned by a family descended from Shakespeares literary patron for hundreds of years without them ever knowing who the man in the picture _.
37、Alec Cobbe, who _ (inherit) the portrait,_ (realise) that the painting_(be) a likeness of Shakespeare after visiting an exhibition at the National Portrait Gallery where he _(see) a portrait that had, until 70 years ago, been accepted as a life portrait of Shakespeare.,hits,is,was,was,was,inherited,
38、realised,saw,was,was,Language in Use Vocabulary Building,Intensifying adverbs,Intensifying adverbs are those adverbs which function to increase or tone down the strength of words in the sentence, usually verbs or adjectives. Usually, certain intensifying adverbs can only go with certain verbs.,For e
39、xample: I totally forgot my fathers birthday.I cant fully understand what you said.,More examples,seriously ill seriously injured convincingly argued statement her tragically short life poorly educated absolutely agree absolutely impossible absolutely right badly paid,Complete the sentences with the
40、 words produced from Exercise A. Change the form where necessary. 1. Workers in the clothing industry are usually _ paid. 2. We _ realised why he didnt come to school yesterday. 3. She is_ considering continuing with her doctor degree. 4. I can_ remember where I put my wallet yesterday. 5. He lied s
41、o _ to an old couple that they gave all their moneyto him. 6. He_ recommended the restaurant around the corner to me.,Language in Use Vocabulary Building,Exercise,badly,fully,seriously,convincingly,hardly,strongly,Keys to extension,The 9.11 attack. 2. Patrick Brown was one of the most decorated fire
42、 fighters in New York City. He atrracted people with his easy charm, and he was very brave. 3. He died when he tried to rescue people in the World Trade Center on September 11,2001.,4. Since September 11,2001,people have come to recognize that heroes arent necessarily the richest, most popular peoplethey are the most selfness people among them. 5. The new kind of role model is like Patrick Brown, the one who has shown them how to be.,
