1、S S/ vp V 5 “ ? a oo BtT u S7K = 0V U bW b?Y V 6B Tds2 = dt2 a2(t)d2 +f2K()(d 2 +sin2 d2); (2-2)fK() =8:sin; K = +1; K = 0sinh; K = 1: (2-3)y0 EinsteinZ %bL ! X 8EinsteinZ VeFriedmannZFH2 _aa2= 8G3 Ka2; (2-4)_H = 4G(p+)+ Ka2; (2-5)H Hubbble p9 1 ( c) ! K = +1; (2-7) = 1 ( = c) ! K = 0; (2-8) :Rsinhh
2、1RRz0dz0H(z0)i; K = 1Rz0dz0H(z0); K = 0Rsinh1RRz0dz0H(z0)i; K = +1: (2-20)R 7b w q Q(z) V|eV UQ(z) = (1+z)sinhx(z)pKpK; (2-21)x(z) =Z z0H0H(z0)dz0: (2-22)?E Ia SNIa ;1 z TS;“ Q(z)4 “ - ? KZEb1V1998 M LFHZT high z Search TeamSCP Supernovae Cosmology Project1 ?CF nSNIa K ? Fs . Sd1 Dbm 2-1 157Gold“ SN
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5、0) 2(1 + !) 0:1b7! 1PhantomB Hq!0 3!12!(1!)(1+!)b LQuintom A4! t1CyN!4 M!4 d1bSNAP99 VT M M V42000PIa MSz 2 0:2; 1:2 SNAP, 2005bSNIa iZE9 VKC ? !05%7!0K9 Vr0:11 b|vv4 us ? ? b |M bWswQuintom b n5 I nHessence Z+3H _+ Q2a63 +dVd = 0 : (2-60)I n! 6= 1 f lf x flflflfl1+!1!flflflfl =flflflflfl12_2 Q22a62Vflflflflfl : (2-61)Z 2-60 V1+ 16dlnxdlna = 13HV_V1+! : (2-62) % Cy0a0 = 1bQ 0 HHessenceYQuintessence T 2-62 VCaldwell (2-63)19
