1、英语的基本句型主要有五种，它们是：1、主语动词表语2、主语动词3、主语动词宾语4、主语动词宾语宾语5、主语动词宾语补语掌握好这些基本句型，就可以为灵活运用语言打下良好的基础。下面分别讲解这五种句型。一、主语-动词-表语在这一句型中，动词是系动词，划线部分为表语。1.Mr.Brown is an engineer.(名词做表语)2.Gradualy he became silent.(形容词做表语)3.She remained standing for a hour.(现在分词做表语)4.The question remained unsolved.(过去分词做表语)5.The machine
2、is out of order.(介词短语做表语)6.The television was on.(副词做表语)7.His plan is to keep the affair secret.(动词不定式做表语)8.My job is repairing cars.(动名词做表语)9.The question is what you want to do.(从句做表语，即：表语从句)注意：在下面的句子中，形容词做表语，在表语的后面常常接不定式结构。Im happy to meet you.They are willing to help.We are determined to follow
3、his example.二、主语动词在这一句型中，动词为不及物动词及不及物的动词词组。在有的句子中，不及物动词可以有状语修饰。1.The sun is rising.2.Ill try.3.Did you sleep well？(well做状语，修饰不及物动词sleep)4.The engine broke down.注意：在此句型中，有少数不及物动词表达被动含义，表达主语本身所具有的特性，不用被动语态。1.The book sells wel.2.The window wont shut.3.The pen writes smoothly.4.Cheese cuts easily.三、主语动
4、词宾语在此句型中，动词为及物动词，划线部分为宾语。1.Do you know these people(them)？(名词或代词做宾语)2.I cant express myself in English.(反身代词做宾语)3.He smiled a strange smile.(同源宾语)4.We cant afford to pay such a price.(不定式做宾语)5.Would you mind waiting a few minutes？(动名词做宾语)6.I hope that I have said nothing to pain you.(从句做宾语，即：宾语从句)注意
5、：并不是所有的及物动词都可以接上述各种情况做宾语，不同的动词有不同的用法，所以，在学习动词时，一定要掌握其用法。四、主语动词宾语宾语在此句型中，动词可以称作双宾语动词，在英语中，这样的动词并不多，在学习遇时，要牢记。后面的宾语为间接宾语 接宾语，其中间接宾语在 ，一 表 ， 接宾语在后，一 表物。这 句型有三种情况。一种情况，间接宾语可以 为to 的短语。1.He handed me a letter.He handed a letter to me.2.She gave me her telephone number.She gave her telephone number to me.二
6、种情况，间接宾语可以 为for 的短语。3.She sang us a folk song.She sang a folk for us.4.She cooked us a delicious meal.She cooked a delicious meal for us.三种情况， 接宾语可以 宾语从句 。5.Tell him Im out.6.Can you inform me where Miss Green lives？五、主语动词宾语宾语补 语在此句型中的动词， 做可以 宾语的动词，在英语中，这样的动词 不多。后面的宾语补 语是 宾语的情况的，宾语 宾语补 语一 被称做 宾语。这 句
7、式是英语中 的一 句式， 为 宾语的构 容 多。下面句子中划线部分为宾语补 语。1.He found his new job boring.(形容词做宾补)2.The called their daughter Mary.(名词做宾补)3.This placed her in a very difficult position.(介词短语做宾补)4.We went to here house but found her out.(副词做宾补)5.What do you advise me to do？(不定式做宾补)6.We thought him to be an honest man.(t
8、obe做宾补)7.He believed them to have discussed the problem.(不定式的 式做宾补)8.He believed her to be telling the truth.(不定式的 式做宾补)9.Did you notice him come in？(不 to的不定式做宾补)10.I saw her chatting with Nancy.(现在分词做宾补)11.He watched the piano carried upstairs.(过去分词做宾补)注意：在这 结构中，可以现用it做形式上的宾语，的宾语在宾语补 语的后面。在此结构中，宾语常
9、常是动词不定式或宾语从句。1.He felt it his duty to mention this to her.分：it是形式宾语，hisduty是宾语补 语，to mention this to her是的宾语。2.I think it best that you should stay with us.分：it是形式宾语，best是宾语补 语，that you should stay with us是的宾语。注意：1.习用语的currency1用在英语中，有多动词习用语，在学习的过“中，要注意它们的currency1用，不分fi 词的currency1用。fl：We are short
10、 of money.(be short of中short做表语)She is always making trouble for her friends.(trouble做make的宾语)He has carried out our instructions to the letter.(our instructions做词组carry out的宾语)We are waiting for the rain to stop.(wait for后面的the rain是宾语，to stop是宾语补语)2.在英语中， 多数动词可以做及物动词可以做不及物动词， 有一些定词组， 此一 动词可以用种句型。f
11、l：ask”Did you ask the price？( 接接名词做宾语)She asked them their names.(接双宾语)I asked James to buy some bread.(接宾语不定式做宾语补 语)I asked to speak to Fred.(接不定式做宾语)Didnt you ask him in？(在此句中 副词in 用)He has asked for an interview with the President.(组 定词组ask for)3.There be句型是一种特的句子，的主语在后面，含义为有”语动词 主语一 ：There is a
12、television in the sitting room.有 或多的主语时，动词一 的一 一 ：There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall.主语的后面有时有修饰语：There are a lot of difficulties facing us.There were many things to be done(此 可以currency1用to do).语动词be可以有时态的:There will be a concert in the park tonight.There was little change in him.语 可以
13、有不定式构 的 语。There used to be a cinema here.There seems to be something the matter with her.Is there going to be any activity tonight？there be句式 句，be 句 要 there。Is there any hope of getting the job？There is nothing wrong with your watch，is there？there be句型中 可以currency1用 ：live，follow，come，stand，sit，exist
14、 不及物动词：Once upon a time，there lived a fisherman on the island.There came a knock at the door.At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.用 语的情况下，有时用不定式的 结构there to be或动名词的 结构 主 结构there being：You wouldnt want there to be another war.(不定式的 结构)The teacher was satisfied with there being no mistake
15、s in his homework.(动名词的结构)There being nothing else to do，we went home.( 主 结构) 性习下 句子的结构 型1.He is running.2.The loud voice from the upstairs made him angry.3.The little boy is asking the teacher all kinds of questions.4.She seemed angry.5.My father bought me a beautiful present.6.Why do you keep your eyes closed？7.Will you tell us an exciting story？8.We must keep our classroom tidy and clean.9.I heard the baby crying in the sitting room.10.Can you push the window open？：1.主语-动词2.主语-动词-宾语-补语3.主语-动词-宾语-宾语4.主语-动词-表语5.主语-动词-宾语-宾语6.主语-动词-宾语-宾语7.主语-动词-宾语-补语8.主语-动词-宾语-补语9.主语-动词-宾语-补语10.主语-动词-宾语-补语
