1、1新课标高考英语语法学习之非谓语动词专题 1 非谓语动词概述_、_分词和_分词统称为非谓语动词，非谓语动词都具有_的基本性质，可以带有自己的宾语或状语，同时又具有其他词类（如：名词、形容词、副词等）的功能，所以在句中可以作除_以外的几乎所有句子成分。句法功能如下表所示：形式|成分 主语 宾语 表语 补语 定语 状语 不定式 -ing 分词 -ed 形式 第一讲 不定式不定式的时态和语态（以 do 为例）时态 主动语态 被动语态 特征一般式 to do to be done 动作在谓语动词_，有时_发生进行时 to be doing 动作与谓语动词 _发生完成时 to have done to
2、have been done 动作在谓语动词_发生完成进行时 to have doing 动词在谓语动词之前_进行1、I hope that Ill see you again. I hope _ _ you again.I hope Ill be promoted.我希望能被升职。 I hope _ _ _.动作后于谓语动词发生（一般）2、He pretended that be didnt know the facts.他佯装不知实情。 He pretended _ _ _ the facts.Im pleased _ _ _ to talk here.我很高兴被邀请在这里讲话。3、Whe
3、n the fire broke out , I happened to _ _ my experiment in the lab.当火灾发生时，我刚好在实验室做实验。4、他似乎知道了真相。It seems that he has known the truth.He seems _ _ _ the truth.对不起，让你久等了。Im sorry _ _ _ you waiting for so long.5、 她似乎一连三个小时都在读小说。She seems _ _ _ _ the novel for 3 hours. It seems that she _ _ _ the novel f
4、or 3 hours.不定式与名词性的-ing 分词（即动名词）区别主语_ （ finish ）the work in ten minutes is very hard._ ( lay ) eggs is the ant queens full- time job.表语2My hobby is _ ( play ) table tennis.All you should do now is _ ( apologize ) to her.宾语【一言辨】 I like _ but I wouldnt like _ this afternoon. ( swim )归纳总结不定式：往往表示具体的或一次
5、性动作，尤其是将要发生的动作。 （不定式最基本概念）(具体)名词性-ing 分词：往往表示一种概念、习惯或经验。 （抽象）三、 “it”作形式主语 当_，名词性的_作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语。Its no use _ spilt milk.(覆水难收)Its impossible _（master） a language in such a short time.Its very kind _.谢谢你这么说。 You are very kind to say so.Its hard _ the project _ ahead of time.工程很难提前完工。【归纳总结】只有在“Its
6、no use/no good + -ing ” 句型中须用-ing 分词外，其它一般用不定式。当作表语的形容词是表达主语的品行、性格等时要用 of 构成不定式的复合结构，如：brave , careful ，nice , honest , clever , wise , thoughtful , polite 等。再如：Its wise of you to turn down their offer.(3) 当 adj . 为 easy ， hard ， difficult ， （im） possible , important , necessary 等，说明不定式行为性质和特点时，用 fo
7、r 构成不定式复合结构。再如：Its very necessary for us to read English aloud every morning for at least half an hour.不定式作宾语有些动词只能以下定式作宾语。口角如下：希望(hope ，wish ，want) 学会（learn）做打算（plan , intend ,mean ）;准备（prepare）决定（decide , determine）遭拒绝（refuse）;要求（ask , demand）设法（try,attempt , seek , manage)来帮助（ help）;敢于（dare）提出（of
8、fer）有期望（ expect , long）;假装（pretend）答应（promise , agree）来负担（afford） ；碰巧（happen）未能（fail）做抉择（choose）Well never fail _ (live) up to the expectations of our parents and teachers.我们决不辜负父母和老师对我们的期望。We are trying _ (collect) money for the children who cant go to school.我们正为无法上学的孩子募捐。有些动词（如：tell , show , teac
9、h , find , out , know , decide , learn , forget 等）常常后接一个“疑问句+to do”I dont know _ with foreigners .我不知道如何与外国人沟通。I didnt _ (何时何地开会) have a meeting.tell them _ .(下一步做什么 )33、 “it”做形式宾语句型主+谓+it( 形宾)+adj . / n . (宾补)+to do常见的动词：find, think , consider , feel , make , take 等。他们发现学英语又容易又有趣。They find _ easy a
10、nd interesting _English .他每天记 10 个新单词，这已形成了习惯。He makes _ a rule _ 10 new words every day.We feel _ our duty _ (help) the people in the earthquake-stricken areas.Do you think _ _ _ (可能) finish the work in time? 不定式作补语很多动词（如：ask ,want , invite, get, force, wish, like, expect, encourage, persuade, advi
11、se, order, warn, tell, promise, remind, prefer, cause, allow, permit, forbid, etc.）可以用不定式做补语。Wish _ _ _ as soon as possible.希望你尽快康复。The teacher _ work harder at English . (鼓励我努力学习) I _ harder at English by the teacher.Id _ _ _ do something for me .我想让你为我做点事。有些动词（如：think , consider , believe , find 等
12、）不可以接 to do 不定式做补语，但可接 to be / to have done。We found him _ honest.The Chinese food is considered _ the healthiest in the word.Columbus is considered _ ( discover ) the new continent .3、 “秃头”不定式作宾补口诀：一感“feel” ；二听（hear , listen to ）; 三让（let , have , make ,）; 五看（see, observe , watch , notice , look at）
13、;半个帮助(help)但：在 P.V.中不能省略 “to”。The boss made them _ （work）the whole night.They were made _ the whole night.【一言辨】 Helen had to shout (so as to / in order to ) to make herself heard above the sound of the music .海伦不得不大声讲话，以便能在如此大声的音乐下被别人听见。In order to / To catch up with the top students , _.he must dou
14、ble his efforts his efforts must be doubled 注 so as to 不可位句首。不定式作目的状语，句子主语必须是应该不定式的逻辑主语。2.结果（1）他们搬起石头砸了自己的脚。They lifted a rock _ _ _ it onto their own feet.George returned after the war , only _ _ _ (tell) that his wife had left him.He is _ _ _ go to school.他到上学的年龄了。They hope that one day they will
15、have enough animals to set free.他们希望有一天能有足够的野生动物让他们放回自然。【注】 enough 作 adv . 时，须放所修饰的词后；若作 adj. , 既可置 n.前，又可置 n.后。4He is _ _ _ _ the job.他太小，做不了这工作。The smoke from the fire was _ _ _ _ to be able to land on the roof.烟太浓了他们无法登上屋顶。Its never too old to learn .(汉) _Im (only)too pleased to help you .(汉) _【注
16、】 too to 不一定译作“太而不能”,当 adj.为 glad, happy, delighted, willing, pleased, eager 等时，to 后面译作肯定，前常有标志词 only,再如：Im(only)too glad to see you here .【老师支招】当 tooto译作“太而不能”译不通时，就译作 _。She was _ sad _ _ burst into tears.她如此悲伤以致大哭起来。3.原因表“喜、怒、哀、乐” （如：glad, happy, pleased, sad, sorry, surprised, frightened, lucky,
17、disappointed 等）的 adj . (或过去分词 ) 后面作状语，表示原因。Im so glad _ （hear ）that youve been admitted to Bejing Unversity.Im very happy and lucky _ (meet) you here. Good-bye!Im very happy and lucky _ with you on the road of life .在人生路上有你的一段陪伴，我感到非常幸福和幸运。【归纳总结】不定式作状语目的（主要）：常为了强调目的，可用 in order to ; so as to （2） 结果
18、1、 （only）to do 多表意想不到的不愉快结果。 （-ing 分词作结果状语表“自然而然”的结果）2、 enough to do 足以 3、too to 太 而不能4、so/suchas to do 如此以至于.（3）表原因：be + adj . + to do ( 不定式表示产生此情绪的原因)七、不定式的主动与被动1、不定式作定语（1） He was the best / the only man _ (do) the job .（2） She was the first woman _ (win)the gold medal in the Olympic Games.（3） The
19、 new play _ ( put on ) tonight will be very interesting .今晚要上演的新剧将十分有趣。【归纳总结】不定式修饰的名词或代词与不定式构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，用主动形式，构成动宾关系，用被动形式。不定式的主动表被动场合不定式与其修饰的词虽在逻辑上存在_关系，但与句子主语或宾语构成逻辑上的_关系时，不定式常用主动形式（简言之：虽有_关系，但在句中有其逻辑主语，用主动）51、I have a lot of dirty clothes to _ today .今天我有许多脏衣服要洗。2、The poor old man only has a very
20、 small room to _ .那位可怜的老人只有一间小房子住。Please give me a book to read .( me 为 read 逻辑主语)4、-Im going to shanghai to see my parents tomorrow .-Do you have anything _ ( take ) to them?5、-Im going to shanghai tomorrow . Do you have anything _ ( take ) to your parents?- No , thank you .6、With a lot of problems
21、 _ ( settle ) ， the newly-elected president is like a cat on a hot brick . (2) 系表结构 1 be + adj + to do 中，不定式虽与句子主语/宾语存在动宾关系，但一般用_形式，因可看作_的省略。2 主+谓+ 宾+adj . + to do 1 The man is easy to get along with. Its easy to _.2 This poem is difficult ( for me ) to understand. 3 I found the poem difficult _(und
22、erstand)4 He spoke very clearly so that he could make himself easy ( for us ) _.A. to understand B. understood【模仿译句】和他一起工作非常愉快。He is _.Its _.很难与他交朋友。Hes rather difficult _.Its rather difficult _.这条街道太狭窄，卡车过不去。The street is too narrow for trucks _.(3) wh-词+ to do 主动表被动1 Im wondering _ _ _ at the meet
23、ing.2 汤姆不知道应该先读哪本书。Tom had no idea _ _ _ _ first.【练一练】If water becomes increasingly scarce in decades _ ( come ) , water shortage will become a hot issue all over the world .Nuclear radiation is said _ ( be ) the biggest health challenge in Japanese Earthquake over the past few months .Id rather rea
24、d than watch TV . The programs seem _(get) worse all the time .Generally, _ ( admit ) to a university in the USA , foreign students need to prove their strong ability in using English.The earth is believed _ ( hit ) by an object the size of Mars at some point in the distant past before its surface c
25、ooled down .The 12th Chinese National Winter Games _ ( hold ) in Changchun soon will be 6success.She was the first girl _ ( admit ) into university in her small village .It doesnt make sense _ after being defeated . you should cheer up and practice hard instead .Eyes are known _ ( be ) a powerful pa
26、rt of human body , known as the window of the heart .The computer programs are a puzzle to me . The more I think of them , the more questions I think of _ ( ask )第二讲 名词性-ing 分词 （动名词）动名词的基本概念 （参不定式）动名词作宾语作动词宾语只能接-ing 作宾语的动词常见的有：1 The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed _(catch).2 He got well-pr
27、epared for the job interview , for he couldnt risk _(lose) the good opportunity.(2) 有些动词（如：forget , remember , regret , stop , try , mean , cant , help , go on 等）后既可接不定式又可接-ing 分词，但语义有差别。1 I remember _ （ take ） to Beijing when I was a child . (记得做过的事)2 When you leave the office , remember / dont for
28、get _ （lock）the door .（记住/别忘了要做的事）3 Weve always deeply regretted _ (sell) the house. (后悔做过的事)4 I regret to _ (告诉你/说) I cant attend your wedding . (遗憾不能去做)【小结】 remember , forget , regret Doing / having done (动作先于谓语动词 )To do (动作后于谓语动词 )5【一言辨】 The traveler stopped _ (停止走路来休息一下) 。【注】Stop doing 停止正在做的事 （
29、doing 为宾语）Stop to do 停下来去做 (to do 为目的状语)6 Hitler tried _ (rule) the whole world .（试图）7 Susan wanted to be independent of her parents . She tried _ (live) alone , but she didnt like it and moved back home .(尝试)8 Wasting time means _ (kill) yourself . (意味着)9 He _ (mean) to help , but he was too busy t
30、hen . (打算)10 She cant help _ (clean) the house because shes busy making a cake.(帮助)11 At the funny actor , we couldnt help _ (laugh).（禁不住）（3）allow, permit , forbid , advise doing （宾语）sb . to do (宾补)学校不准许（老师）在教室抽烟。The school forbids _ in the classroom . The school _ the teachers _ in the classroom.7
31、The teachers are _ in the classroom.(4) need, want, require, doing/to be done/sb.to do1 The whole place requires/needs/wants_.整个地方需要打扫。2 The border police required the traveler _ his luggage.边防警察要求旅客打开行李。2.做介词宾语（1）一般规律：动词作介词（除 but/except 外）宾语一般为-ing 形式，常见介词：of, for, about, on, in, from, with, withou
32、t, to 等。1 She could do noting but _ (throw) herself onto the bed and cry . 2 She had no choice but _ (throw) herself onto the bed and cry.【注】But / except 后的不定式是否加“to”?口诀是：“有 do 无 to；无 do 有 to”3 Im fond of _ (play) football . 4 He came in without _ (notice).他进来了，谁也没注意到。5 我想去购物。I feel like _ shopping
33、. Id like _ shopping . 在下列短语中“to”为介词be/get/become used to ; be accustomed to (习惯于) ；belong to , look forward to; devoteto/be devoted to ; refer to ;play attention to; object to ; be opposed to ; get down to 等。1 He devoted all his time to _(help) the homeless .2 I look forward to _(hear) from you in
34、the near future.盼尽快赐复（信尾套语） 。3 However, others, strongly object to _(develop) private cars.然而，另有一些人强烈反对发展私家车。4 The opinion you stuck to_(prove)to be wrong.5 At the shot , he looked forward to _(see) what was happening in the distance . 【警告】 要分清句子结构，切勿生搬硬套！6 -They are quiet ,arent they?-Yes. They re
35、accustomed _ at meals .A. to talk B. to not talk C. to talking D. to not talking 三、 动名词复合结构构成： 物主代词/名词所有格（多见） 代词宾格/名词普通格（少用） Id appreciate _ (若你回电话) back this afternoon . No one had told Smith about there _ (be) a lecture the following day.Hes been dreaming of there _ (be) a chance to go abroad .The
36、 introduction of modern facilities to the company led to a great many workers _ (lay) off.-We dont have enough dictionaries . What would you like to suggest .8-How about five us _ (share) one ?6、_ late made the teacher angry . (Marry 来晚了)7、It was _ that caused her to serve dinner an hour late than u
37、sual .A. us being late B. our being late C. we were late D. because we were late 【注】 动名词复合结构作主语，须用_+ -ing 形式。【练一练】_（compare ）Chinese culture with overseas cultures is a challenging job, but you will learn a lot from it .Something as simple as _ (eat) vegetables in childhood may help to protect you a
38、gainst serious illness in later life .My uncle got well-prepared for the job interview. He couldnt risk the good opportunity _(lose).My friend was very unhappy for _ (not invite) to the concert .I regret _ (not spend) more time with my grandma before she passed away .-What made him put into prison ?
39、-_ （accuse）of stealing the valuables.It is _ （meet）the customers needs that has made chain stores so popular in big cities in China.I really appreciate _ (have) time to relax with you on this nice island.Charles often attempts to escape _ (fine) whenever he breaks traffic regulations .Mr. Reed has m
40、ade up his mind to devote all he had to _ (set up) some schools for poor children . 第三讲 分词分词作定语_ （bark）dogs seldom bite . 吠犬不咬人。The building _ (construct)will be used as a library . 正在建筑的大楼将用作图书馆。Things _ (lose) never come again.覆水难收。The factory _ (make) these pens is a small one . Weve collected a
41、large quantity of _ (use) books.我们已收集了大量的旧（使用过的）书。_water 沸腾的水_water 开水_leaves 正在下落的叶子_leaves 落叶_country 发展中的国家_country 发达的国家【归纳总结】分词作定语，要找动词与被修饰名词的关系；若主动关系doing若被动关系且正在进行being done 若被动关系且表完成done 9having been done (此形式不可作定语)（2） 不及物动词的-ing 形式表示正在进行；过去分词只表完成不表被动二、 分词作补语1用 sing 适当形式填空I heard her _ an En
42、glish song just now . (主动；完成)I heard her _ an English song when I passed by her room . (主动；进行)I heard an English song _ by a little girl when I passed by her room . (被动；进行)I often heard the English song _ by the little girl . (被动；进行)2. Its wrong of you to leave the machine _ (run).They went home , l
43、eaving much work _ (finish).3. I spoke clearly and slowly to make myself _ (hear and understand).4. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ (smoke) in the kitchen.5.I was glad to see the children well _ (take) care of .【归纳总结】分词作补语，关键考虑动词与宾语（被动语态中的主语）的关系1 主动，进行 doing2 被动，进行 being done 3 被动，完成 done 三、 分词作状语1. 分词作状语的基本原则（1）While _ (read) the book, he nodded from time to time . （表时间）（2）_ （turn）to the left, youll see the post office . （表条件）（3）It snowed heavily last night, thus _ (cause) the traffic probl
