1、和传统文化有关的部分词汇风水：Fengshui 阳历：solar calendar 阴历：lunar calendar 闰年：leap year 十二生肖：zodiac春节：the Spring Festival 元宵节： the Lantern Festival 清明节： the Tomb-sweeping Day端午节：the Dragon-boat Festival 中秋节：the Mid-autumn Day 重阳节：the Double-ninth Day七夕节：the Double-seventh Day 春联：spring couplets 春运：the Spring Festi
2、val travel把中国的汉字“福” 字倒贴在门上(听起来像是福到)预示新年有好运：turn the Chinese character for luck (fu) upside down to make “dao”(which sounds like arrival) and put it on your door to bring in good fortune for the new year庙会：temple fair 爆竹：firecracker 年画：(traditional) New Year pictures 火锅：Hot Pot压岁钱：New Year gift-money
3、 舞龙：dragon dance 舞狮： lion dance元宵：sweet sticky rice dumplings 花灯：festival lantern 灯谜： lantern riddle食物对于中国佳节来说至关重要，但甜食对于农历新年特别重要，因为他们能让新的一年更加甜蜜。 Food is central to all Chines festivals, but sugary snacks are especially important for Lunar New Year, since they sweeten up prospects for the coming year
4、.传统的佳节食物包括年糕、八宝饭、饺子、果脯和瓜子。Traditional holiday treats include nian gao (rice pudding), ba bao fan (eight treasure rice), jiao zi (dumplings), candied fruits and seeds.四合院：Siheyuan/ Quadrangle 亭/ 阁：pavilion/attic刺绣：Embroidery 剪纸：Paper Cutting 书法：Calligraphy 针灸：Acupuncture象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic C
5、haracters 偏旁：radical战国：Warring States 人才流动：Brain Drain/Flow 铁饭碗：Iron Bowl 黄土高原：Loess Plateau红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals 儒家文化：Confucian Culture 孟子：Mencius诗经：the Book of Songs水浒：Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh史记：Historical Records西游记：The Journey to the West唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty火药：
6、gunpowder 印/玺：Seal/Stamp京剧：Beijing Opera/Peking Opera 秦腔： Qin Opera相声：Cross-talk/ Comic Dialogue 电视小品：TV Sketches太极拳：Tai Chi天坛：Altar of Heaven in Beijing 故宫博物馆：The Palace Museum 敦煌莫高窟：Mogao Caves小吃摊：Snack Bar/Snack Stand 春卷：Spring Roll(s) 莲藕：Lotus Root北京烤鸭：Beijing Roast Duck门当户对：Perfect Match/ Exact
7、 Match文房四宝(笔墨纸砚)：”The Four Treasure of the Study”/ “Brush, Ink-stick, Paper, and Ink-stone”兵马俑：Cotta Warrior特有的一些汉语词汇 混沌 chaos 道 Daoism 四谛 Four Noble Truth 五行说 Theory of Five Elements 坐禅 transcendental meditation 虚无 nothingness 双喜 double happiness(中)，a doubled stroke of luck(英) 小品 witty skits 相声 cro
8、ss-talk 噱头；掉包袱 gimmick, stunt 夜猫子 night-owls 本命年 this animal year of sb. 处世之道 philosophy of life 姻缘 yinyuan（prefixed fate of marriage） 还愿 redeem a wish (vows)中国新兴事物（Newly Sprouted Things） 中国电信 China Telecom 中国移动 China Mobile 十五计划 the 10th Five-Year Plan 中国电脑联网 China net 三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project
9、 希望工程 Project Hope 扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project 菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project 温饱工程 Decent-Life Project 安居工程 Economy Housing Project 西部大开发 Go-West Campaign 具有文化特色的现代表述 大陆中国 Mainland China 红色中国 socialist China 四化 Four Modernizations 终生职业 job-for-life 铁饭碗 iron rice bowl 大锅饭 communal pot 关系户 closely-relat
10、ed units 外出打工人员 migrant workers 留守儿童 the “left-behind“ children关系网 personal nets, closely-knitted guild 五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德) ：the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals 四美（心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美）： the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, an
11、d green environment 中国古代独特事物（Unique Ancient Chinese Items） 宣纸 rice paper 衙门 yamen 叩头 kowtow 孔子 Confucius 武术 wushu（Chinese Martial Arts） 功夫 kungfu ；kung fu 中庸 the way of medium 中和 harmony孝顺 to show filial obedience 孝子 dutiful son 家长 family head 三纲：君为臣纲，父为子纲，夫为妻纲 three cardinal guides: ruler guides su
12、bject, father guides son, husband guides wife 五常：仁、义、理、智、信 five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity 八股文 eight-legged essays 多子多福：The more sons/children, the more blessing/ happiness 养儿防老：raising sons to support one in ones old age1.元宵节与大多数中国节日一样，元宵
13、节同样有自己的特色小吃，称为“汤圆”( 也叫“元宵”)。汤圆外形圆圆的，外皮由糯米制成，内馅或甜或辣。人们都说汤圆有两个象征之意，一为农历的第一个月圆，二为家庭团聚圆满。元宵节传统习俗中还有一部分是关于猜灯谜的游戏。在过去，这些谜语大多出自于模糊的文学典故和中国古典文学之中，所以猜灯谜以前多为知识分子的“领地”。踩高跷，敲大鼓和舞龙狮也是元宵节主要的娱乐活动。【词汇突破】元宵节：the Lantern Festival 特色小吃： special food 糯米：glutinous rice内馅：fillings 家庭团聚圆满：family unity and completeness 猜灯谜
14、：guess riddles attached to the lanterns 文学典故：literary allusions 知识分子：educated class踩高跷：stilt-walking 敲鼓： drumming 舞龙狮：dragon and lion dancing【精彩译文】Like most Chinese festivals, the Lantern Festival has its own special food, called “tang yuan”. These are round, glutinous rice dumplings with sweet or s
15、picy fillings. The dumplings are said to symbolize both the first full moon and family utility and completeness. Part of the lantern festival tradition involves a game to guess riddles attached to the lanterns. In the old days the riddles were obscure literary allusions to the Chinese classics and s
16、o were mainly the preserve of the educated classes. Stilt-walking, drumming and dragon and lion dancing are the main entertainment forms of the Lantern Festival. 2.重阳节农历九月九日是传统的重阳节(Chongyang Festival)，或者说是双九节。登高辟邪(avoid epidemics)的习俗从很久以前就流传 (pass down)下来。因此，重阳节也被称为“登高节”(Ascending Festival)。1989 年，中
17、国政府决定把重阳节定为老年节(Seniors Day)。从那以后，所有政府单位、组织和街道社区每年都会为退休职工组织一次秋游。在水边或山间，老年人将发现自己融入(merge into)自然。年轻一代会在这天带老人郊游或送礼物给他们。The 9th day of the 9th lunar month is the traditional Chongyang Festival, or Double Ninth Festival. The custom of ascending a height to avoid epidemics was passed down from long time a
18、go. Therefore, the Double Ninth Festival is also called “Height Ascending Festival”. In 1989, the Chinese government decided the Double Ninth Festival as Seniors Day. Since then, all government units, organizations and streets communities will organize an autumn trip each year for those who have ret
19、ired from their posts. At the waterside or on the mountains, the seniors will find themselves merged into nature. Younger generations will bring elder ones to suburban areas or send gifts to them on this way.3.农历的五月初五是中国民间传统的端午节，也叫“五月节” 。在这一天，人们要吃粽子、赛龙舟。据说，举行这些活动是为了纪念（commemorate）中国古代伟大的爱国诗人屈原。屈原是战国
20、时期（公元前 472-221 年）楚国人。他主张楚国应该进行改革。后来，他听到楚国被秦国打败的消息，非常悲痛，就跳进汨罗江自杀了。为了不让鱼虾吃掉屈原的尸体（corpse） ，百姓们就把食物扔进江中喂它们。自那以后，每年农历五月初五人们都会这样做。于是，就形成了端午节吃粽子、赛龙舟的习俗。The fifth day of the fifth lunar month is a traditional Chinese folk festival-the Dragon Boat Festival, which is also called the “Festival of the Fifth Mon
21、th”. On that day, people eat zongzi and hold dragon boats races. It is said that these activities are to commemorate the great patriotic poet Qu Yuan in ancient China . Qu Yuan lived in the State of Chu in the Warring States Period(475-221 BC). He maintained that Chus policies should be reformed. La
22、ter, when he heard the news that Qin had defeated the State of Chu, he was very grieved, and he drowned himself in the Miluo River. In order not to let the fish and shrimps eat the corpse, people threw food into the river to feed them. Thereafter, on each fifth day of the fifth lunar month, people w
23、ould throw food into the river. Thus the custom of eating zongzi and holding dragon boat race was formed.4中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日，在中国也被称为春节。新年的庆祝活动从除夕开始一直延续到元宵节(the Lantern Festival)，即从农历(lunar calendar)最后一个月的最后一天至新年第一个月的第十五天。各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异，但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚，一起吃年夜饭。为驱厄运、迎好运，家家户户都会进行大扫除。人们还会在门上粘贴红色的对联(coupl
24、ets)，对联的主题为健康、发财和好运。其他的活动还有放鞭炮、发红包和探亲访友等。Chinese New Year is the most important traditional Chinese holiday. In China, it is also known as the Spring Festival. New Year celebrations run from Chinese New Years Eve, the last day of the last month of the lunar calendar, to the Lantern Festival on the 1
25、5th day of the first month. Customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely from place to place. However, New Years Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner. It is also traditional for every family to thoroughly cle
26、an the house in order to sweep away ill fortune and to bring in good luck. And doors will be decorated with red couplets with themes of health, wealth and good luck. Other activities include lighting (setting off )firecrackers, giving money in red envelopes (giving lucky money) and visiting relative
27、s and friends.春节期间的娱乐活动多种多样，丰富多彩。耍龙灯和舞狮子是春节期间的传统项目。现在，随着生活水平的不断提高，人们采用了新的方式庆祝新年。但不管庆祝方式怎么变，春节的精华不会变。家家户户都会打扫的干干净净，门上都会贴上对联，人人都会穿上新衣裳，拿出最精美的食物，团聚在一起，互道吉利，表示祝贺。The recreational activities during the Spring Festival are varied and colorful. The Dagon Dance and Lion Dance are traditionally performed dur
28、ing the festival. Nowadays, with the improvement of living standards, people have taken up new ways to celebrate the New Year. No matter what change there might be, the highlights of the Spring Festival will remain the same. Each family will clean up the house and put up couplets on the door. Dresse
29、d up in their best, people will get together, treat each other to the most delicious foods and exchange auspicious greetings. 5.每年农历七月初七的七夕节，简称七夕，俗称乞巧节（the Begging Festival） ，是中国传统节日中最具浪漫色彩的一个节日。传说每年的七月初七是牛郎、织女相会的日子。在这一天，人间的喜鹊（magpie）要飞到天上去，为牛郎和织女搭一座鹊桥，好让二人渡过天河相见。在这一天的晚上，如果静静地躲在葡萄架（grape trellis）下，就
30、能听到牛郎、织女说的悄悄话。 The Double-Seventh Festival, called Qi Xi for short, falls on the seventh day of the seventh month in the Chinese lunar calendar. It is also known as “the Begging Festival”, a traditional Chinese festival of most romance. According to the legend, Niu Lang (Cowherd) and Zhi Nv (Weaver
31、Maid) get together on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month every year. On this day, all the magpies in the world will fly into the heaven and form a bridge so that these two loving birds might come together. People can hear the loving whispers between Niu Lang and Zhi Nv if they hide quietly u
32、nder the grape trellis.6.中秋节对中国人来说是最重要的节日，仅次于春节。每年中秋节，人们从全国和世界的各个角落回到家中，与家人团聚、赏月和吃月饼。如今，在中秋节到来前的一个月，就有各种各样的月饼出售。中国人相信满月象征着和平、繁荣(prosperity)和家庭团聚（reunion） 。中秋节当晚的月亮被认为是最明亮圆满的，这也是为什么也被称为是“重逢日”和“月亮节” 。 (复习巩固以前做过的类似材料)The Mid-Autumn Festival is the second most important festival after the Spring Festiva
33、l to Chinese people.Every year, when the festival comes, people go home from every corner of the country and the world to meet their family, admire the full moon and eat moon cakes. Nowadays, there is a large variety of moon cakes on sale a month before the arrival of the festival. Chinese people be
34、lieve a full moon is a symbol of peace, prosper-ity and family reunion. The moon on Mid-Autumn Festival night is believed to be the brightest and fullest. That is why the festival is also known as / called the “Day of Reunion” and the “Moon Festival”.7.从某种意义上说，汉语是一种很古老的语言，其最早的汉字已有近四千年的历史了。汉字在其漫长的发展史
35、中演化成许多不同的书写形式，例如篆书、隶书、楷书和行书。中国书法家往往使汉字的字形夸张以取得艺术效果，例如旅游胜地的一些石刻碑文。中国书法是一门研究艺术，随着各位学习兴趣的提高，我们将适时介绍中国书法的流派，以及如何欣赏中国书法的艺术性。【词汇突破】从某种意义上说 in a sense 汉字 Chinese character 演化 evolve 书写形式 script form 篆书 Seal script 隶书 Clerical script 楷书 Regular script 行书 Running script 书法家 calligrapher 致使 render 取得 yield 旅游
36、胜地 tourist resort 石刻碑文 stone inscription 适时 in due time 欣赏 appreciate【精彩译文】In a sense, Chinese is a very old language, and its earliest characters date back to nearly four thousand years ago. During their long history of development, Chinese characters have evolved into many different script forms,
37、such as the Seal script, Clerical script, Regular script and Running script. Chinese calligraphers usually render their Chinese characters in ways that exaggerate the form to yield artistic beauty, such as those in stone inscriptions seen in tourist resorts. Chinese calligraphy is a subject of artis
38、tic study. As your interest in Chinese character system increases in the days to come, we will introduce in due time the different schools of Chinese calligraphy, and how to appreciate the artistic beauty of Chinese calligraphy.8.几千年的中国文化充实着中国梦，同时，过去三十几年的改革开放也激励着中国梦。中国梦最显著的特征是包容性和双赢合作。这些也是使中国梦扩大它的全球
39、影响范围和被其他国家的人民认可的基本特征。中国梦是民族复兴的梦。它是建设一个强大繁荣的国家，给中国人民带来幸福生活的梦。中国梦需要维持稳定健康的经济发展，科学管理社会，以及有效应对外部发展的风险和挑战。【词汇突破】中国梦 the Chinese dream 改革开放 reform and opening-up 激励 inspire 包容性 inclusiveness 双赢合作 win-win cooperation 扩大 expand 民族复兴 national rejuvenation 强大(的) powerful 繁荣的 prosperous 需要 entail 稳定健康的 steady
40、and healthy 应对 respond to 外部发展 external development 风险 risk 挑战 challenge【精彩译文】The Chinese dream has been enriched by thousands of years of Chinese culture and inspired among other things by the past three decades of reform and opening-up. The most noticeable features of the Chinese dream include inc
41、lusiveness and win-win cooperation. These are the very features that will enable the Chinese dream to expand its global reach and be recognized by people of other nations. The Chinese dream is the dream of national rejuvenation. It is the dream of building a powerful and prosperous state, a dream of
42、 bringing happiness in the lives of the Chinese people. It entails sustaining steady and healthy economic growth, scientifically managing the Chinese society, and effectively responding to the risks and challenges of external9.中国的官方语言普通话在美国的学校中突然热起来。由于中国经济在 21 世纪的快速发展，美国的公立和私立学校纷纷在外语课程中加入汉语这一科目，或将已有
43、的汉语教学项目进行扩展。据统计，在美国的学校中，有 5 万名孩子在学习汉语。但推动汉语项目的发展不是没有遇到困难。由于缺乏受过专业训练、持有证书的教师，一些学校很难加入汉语教学的竞争。当学校聘用教师时，它们通常直接从中国招聘，这种方式为文化冲突埋下了隐患。【词汇突破】官方语言 official language 普通话 Mandarin 快速的 rapid 课程 curriculum (pl. curricula) 已有的 in place 缺乏 shortage 受过专业训练 professionally trained证书 certificate 招聘 recruit 文化冲突 cultu
44、re clash【精彩译文】Mandarin, the official language of China, is suddenly hot in American schools. With the rapid development of Chinas economy in the 21th century, both public and private schools in America are scrambling to add Mandarin to their curricula of foreign languages or expanding Chinese langua
45、ge programs already in place. By some estimates, as many as 50 000 children nationwide are taking Mandarin in American schools. To develop Chinese-language programs has met some difficulties. A shortage of professionally trained teachers with certificates has made it difficult for some schools to jo
46、in the competition. When schools need to employ teachers, they often recruit them from China directly, which is a hidden trouble for culture clash.10.中华人民共和国，简称中国，幅员辽阔，历史悠久，资源丰富，景色优美，文化遗产星光璀璨，民族习俗多姿多彩。中华民族在人类社会早期便创造了光辉灿烂的文明。指南针、火药、造纸术和活字印刷的发明对人类进步产生了深远的影响；万里长城等浩瀚工程也被誉为世界工程史上的奇葩。China, whose full nam
47、e is the Peoples Republic of China, has a vast land with boundless natural resources, a long history, spectacular landscapes, colorful cultural heritage and varied national customs. The Chinese nation created a glorious civilization in the early stage of mankinds history. The compass, gunpowder, the
48、 art of paper-making and movable type printing invented by the ancient Chinese have contributed tremendously to the progress of mankind in the world. The Great Wall and other projects built by the Chinese people are regarded as engineering feats on the globe.11.公元 618 年李渊建立唐朝，建都长安，共经历 21 帝 290 年。唐朝是
49、历史上中国文明最兴盛时期。唐朝时期政治、经济、文化等各方面都繁荣发展，居于当时世界领先地位。首都长安成为世界各国经济文化交流的中心。唐朝时期，佛教兴旺并且逐渐本土化，成为中国传统文化的一个重要部分。唐朝也是文学艺术发展的黄金时期，诗歌艺术灿烂辉煌，产生了像李白、杜甫、白居易这样的伟大诗人。The Tang Dynasty was established by Li Yuan in 618 with its capital at Changan, lasting 290 years with 21 emperors. The Tang Dynasty is considered to be a high point in Chinese civilization in history. The Tang Dynasty witnessed a period of political, economic and cultural boom in China. At that time, China was so powerful and prosperous that it ranked among the most advanced countries in the world. Its capital Changan becam
