1、The Subjunctive Mood,虚拟语气,英语动词有 种语气陈述语气祈使语气虚拟语气,用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不太可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。,三,虚拟语气的应用,A. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用 B. 虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用 C. 虚拟语气在某些句型中的应用,A. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用,条件句中虚拟语气的考点 1、基本用法； 2、 混合条件句； 3、虚拟条件句的省略和倒装 4、含蓄条件句;,主从句的谓语形式,时间,If 从句的谓语形式,主句的谓语形式,现在,过去,将来,did / were,had done,would/coul
2、d/should/might +V.(原),would/could/should/might+have+done.,1. did / were 2. should do 3. were to do,would/could/should/might + V.(原),与现在事实相反：,did,be-were,should/would/could/might + do,与事实相反！,1) If he has time,he will go shopping tonight.,2) If I had time,I would visit you.,与过去事实相反,had done,should/wou
3、ld/might/could +have +done,If the staff had been more careful,the mall would not be on fire now.,If you your father advice,had taken,You in the traffic jam now.,wouldnt have trapped,与将来事实相反,did/ were,should do,were to do,should/would/could/ might +do,表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原
4、形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/ could might + 动词原形。,明天要是周日的话，我们就不参加考试了。,If it should fail, I would try again.,要是失败了，我会再试一次。,If it were Sunday tomorrow, we wouldnt have an exam.,主从句的谓语形式,时间,If 从句的谓语形式,主句的谓语形式,现在,过去,将来,did / were,had done,would/could/should/might +V.(原),would/could/should/might+have+done
5、.,1. did / were 2. should do 3. were to do,would/could/should/might + V.(原),If虚拟句的省略和倒装,如果条件状语中有were, had, should时, 可以省略if倒装成：Were / Should / Had +主+其他,Were I you, ,Had he been there yesterday, ,Should it snow tomorrow, ,If I were you, I would try it again.,If he had been there yesterday, he would h
6、ave seen the film.,If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out.,如果我是你，我会再试一次。,如果他昨天在那儿的话，他就会看那部电影了。,如果明天下雪，我们就不出去了。,4.If it _ _ (rain) tomorrow, we _(not go out).5._(be) I in good health, I _ (go) with you tomorrow.,rained/ should rain/ were to rain,would not go out,Were,would/should go,含蓄条件句,有时 假
7、设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，如，otherwise, without, but for等，或者从上下文中表示出来，这种情况叫含蓄条件句，主句要用虚拟语气。,Eg. Without /But for your help, we would not have made such rapid progress. 1.I was ill that day. 0therwise, I _ (take ) part in the sports meet. 2.I _ (give) you more help, but I was too busy. 3.A man who s
8、topped drinking _ (be)dead in seven days. 4.But for water, it _ (be) impossible to live in the desert.,would have taken,might have given,would be,would be,This same thing, happening in wartime, would lead to a disaster. (条件暗含在分词短语happening in wartime中),He studied hard at high school, or he couldnt h
9、ave entered Beijing University.(暗含条件是连词or),Alone, he would have been terrified. (暗含条件是alone),1. 条件暗含在短语中。如：,What would I have done without you? (条件暗含在分词短语without you中),It would be easier to do it this way. (条件暗含在不定式短语to do it this way 中),But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment.
10、 (暗含条件是but for your help),B. 虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用,虚拟语气的常考形式：,一坚持,二命令,四建议,五要求,一 .名词性从句中的虚拟语气,insist,order / command,suggest / advise / propose / recommend,desire / demand / request / require / ask,名词性从句中的虚拟语气,should do! should do! should do!,1“坚持” insist 2“命令” order, command 3“建议” advise, suggest, propose,
11、recommend 4“要求” ask, demand, require, request, desire + (that) sb (should) do . 或是 (that) sb / sth (should) be done,宾语从句,我们建议Tom 去休息一下。 他坚持要我与他同行。 他们要求派Tom去那儿工作。 老师要求作业要及时完成。,We suggested _ .,(that) Tom have a rest,He insisted _ .,(that) I (should ) go with him,They requested (that) Tom _ .,(should)
12、 be sent to work there,The teacher asked (that) our homework _ .,(should) be finished in time,It is ordered / commanded / suggested / advised / requested / required / demanded that (should) do,It is suggested that we (should) practise reading English everyday.,(一). 主语从句,that不可省略,这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用shoul
13、d do,The / Ones insistence / order / command / suggestion / advice / proposal / recommendation / request / requirement / demand / desire is / was that (should) do,(二).表语从句,The suggestion given by our teacher is that we (should) practise reading English everyday.,that不可省略,a / the suggestion / request
14、 (等) that (should) do ,She made a request that the doctor(should)be sent for at once. The teacher gives us a suggestion that we (should) practise reading English everyday.,(三）.同位语从句,that不可省略,Its suggested that the plan (should) be carried out at once .The old womans demand is that her son (should) c
15、ome to see her once a week.We are in favor of the advice that the factory (should) be closed down.,主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,He insisted that he was not a thief and that he be set free.,Her pale face suggested she was ill.,注意：若insist表示“坚持说”，suggest 表示“表明了，暗示了”，后面是宾语从句用陈述语气,他命令用专机送药品。,(一) 两个常考虚拟语气句型,If it were
16、nt for, 要不是 (固定句式),与现在事实相反,If it hadnt been for,与过去事实相反,but for,二. 虚拟语气特殊句型与固定句式,If it were not for lacking money, I would go travelling right now. = Were it not for lacking money, If it had not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work yesterday. = Had it not been for your help , ,but f
17、or,but for,（二）If only ! 要是就好了,If only I were a bird! If only we had followed your advice! If only she would go with me!,与 wish 的宾语从句相似,only if 只要就，只有才,引导的从句位于句首，主句倒装！倒装！,Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter the room.,（三）犹如，好像，仿佛as if / as though,假设情况非事实时，用虚拟语气。 若从句表示内
18、容为事实或很可能是事实，用陈述语气：It looks as if we will be late.,试比较：,He walks as if he is drunk. He walks as if he were drunk.,他真的醉了。 他没有醉。,It looks as if it is going to rain. It looks as if it were going to rain.,快要下雨了。 不会下雨。,As if /as though在虚拟语气中的用法,as if / as though,sb did （were） ,sb had done ,sb would /could
19、 do,现在,过去,将来,与 wish 的宾语从句相似,should,（四） 宁愿，但愿,would rather,宁愿，但愿,sb did ,与现在或将来情况相反,sb had done ,与过去情况相反,I would rather you returned me my money now.,I would rather we hadnt told her the bad news.,I would rather you came tomorrow.,sb did,sb should do,注意: should不能省略,(五) It is (high / about ) time (tha
20、t) “是时候. (做某事)”,现在,将来,Its necessary / strange / natural (自然的, 理应如此的) / important + that sb (should) do,（六）. 在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的固定句式中常使用虚拟语气,1). It is important that we _ ( master 精通 ) a foreign language. 2). 真奇怪，她竟然拒绝来参加party。Its _ that she _ to come to the party. 3). 鸟在树上安歇 / 休息是很自然的。 It is _ that
21、 a bird _ in trees.,( should ) master,(should) refuse,strange,natural,(should) rest,三. 可用可不用虚拟语气的情况,1. if 2. insist, suggest 3. as if/though,insist / suggest 各有两种意思，用不同的语气,insist : “坚决/持要求做某事”用虚拟语气 should do; insist : “坚持认为, 坚持说”用陈述语气,The man in prison insisted that he _(do)nothing and _( be) set fr
22、ee. The patient insisted that he _(not be)ill and _ (not be) sent to the hospital.,He insisted that I had read his letter. He insisted that I should read his letter.,他坚持说我看过他的信。 他坚持要我看他的信。,had done,should be,wasnt,shouldnt be,suggest : “建议”用虚拟语气，即should do; suggest : “表明、暗示”用陈述语气,He suggests we shou
23、ld go at once. Her expression suggested she was very angry.,他提议我们马上出发.她脸上的表情显示她生气了.,1. The teacher suggested that we _ (practise) more after class. 2. Her pale face suggests that she _ (be) ill today.,(should) practise,is,When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken. Th
24、e dark clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.,as if / as though,6. It is strange that he _ (make) such a mistake. Thats unexpected. 7. It was required that each student _ (bring) enough food on the trip. 8. My demand is that you _ (get )up at six. 9. He speaks as if he _(be) an En
25、glishman. 10. They talked as if they _ (be) good friends for years.,should make,bring,(should) get,were,had been,Exercise,I advised that you _ the job as soon as possible . A finished B finishing C to finish D finish 2 The workers in the factory demanded that their pay _ be raised. A should B wouldC
26、 must D could,3. My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _ there. A. not went B. wont go C. not go D. not to go,4.The teacher demanded that the exam _before eleven.A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished,5. Janes pale face suggested that she _ il
27、l . A be B wasC should be D is 6.He insisted he _right.A. were B. wasC. be D. is,7. He insisted that all of us _ (get) there on time by any means. 8. He insisted that he _ (not steal) the dimond, and that he should be set free.,(should) get,hadnt stolen,考题点击His suggestion that you _ once more sounds
28、 reasonable.A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try,2. She made the demand that the journalists _at once for Iraq.A. leave B. leavingC. left D. to be left,3.We are in favor of your proposal that the meeting _.A. should put off B. was put offC. be put off D. is to put off,4. It is high time the child
29、_ to the hospital. A. is sent B. would be sent C. must be sent D. were sent,5. If only I _ driving before. A. had learned B. learned C. learn D. would learn,6. I wish I _a bird.A is B wereC will be D are 7. How I wish that I _ the moon sometime in the future . A had visited B would visit C visited D
30、 will visit,8. Id rather you _ me the news. A. not tell B. not to tell C. didnt tell D. hadnt told,E.Exercises,8.（安徽卷）It is lucky we booked a room, or we _nowhere to stay now. A. had B. had had C. would have D. would have had,9（江苏卷） It might have saved me much trouble_ the schedule. A. did I know B.
31、 have I known C. do I know D. had I known 10.(重庆卷)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway_ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. A.Didnt write B. hadnt written C. wouldnt write D. wouldnt have written,13. If we _ a table earlier, we couldnt be standing here in a queue. have booked B. booked C. boo
32、k D. had booked14. -Do you think George has passed the driving test?-No. If so, he _ his car to our college yesterday. would drive B. drove C. would have driven D. had driven,【答案】D 【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句意：如果我们早点订桌的话，我们就不可能在这里站着排队了。可知if从句是对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时态。,【答案】C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句意，如果这样的话（乔治已经通过驾照考试），他昨天就驾车来我们大学了，
33、可知是对过去的虚拟。If so= If he had passed the driving test，主句使用情态动词+ have done。故答案选C。,15. I should not have laughed if I _ you were serious. thought B. would think C. had thought D. have thought16. My mom suggests that we _ eat out for a change this weekend.A. should B. might C. could D. would,【答案】C 【解析】考查虚
34、拟语气。此处为if虚拟条件句，其主句使用的是should have done，可知是对过去的虚拟，故从句用过去完成时态表示对过去的虚拟。,【答案】A 【解析】考查虚拟语气。题干关键词为suggest，表示建议，其后所接的名词性从句应用“（should+）动词原形”的虚拟语气，故选A。,17. If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he _ able to speak it much better now. will be B. would be C. has been D. would have been18
35、. Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _ at the age of six months old. A. was B. be C. were D. is,【答案】B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。此题为if虚拟条件句，从句时间为before，故是对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时态，主句时间为now，故是对现在的虚拟，因此用情态动词过去式后接动词原形，答案为B。,【答案】B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。题干关键词为recommend，表示“推荐，建议”，后接宾语从句时应用（should+）动词原形的虚拟语气，此处省去了should，故答案为B。,
36、19. - It rained cats and dogs this morning. Im glad we took an umbrella.- Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we _ . hadnt B. havent C. didnt D. dont20. I _ to my cousins birthday party last night, but I was not availableA. went B. had goneC. would go D. would have gone,【答案】A 【解析】考查虚拟语气。虚拟条件句主句从
37、句均为对过去的虚拟，if从句使用过去完成时态，故选A。,【答案】D 【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句意：昨晚我本想要去参加我表亲的生日聚会，但我没空。选项中能表示对过去虚拟的只有D答案：用情态动词过去式后加have done表示。,高考链接2012,【2012福建】31. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we _ more places of interest yesterday. A. visited B. had visited C. would visit D. would have visited 【答案】D,高考链接201
38、2,【2012陕西】17. If my car _ more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer. A. was B. had been C. should be D. would be 【答案】B,高考链接2012,【2012山东】30. If we _ adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful. A. havent made B. wouldnt make C. didnt make D. h
39、adnt made 【答案】D,高考链接2012,【2012湖南】29. Sorry，I am too busy now. If I _ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. A. have had B. had had C. have D. had 【答案】D,高考链接2012,【2012天津】15. We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold _ us a ride home. A. didnt offer B. wouldnt offer C. hasnt offered
40、D. hadnt offered 【答案】D,高考链接2012,【2012辽宁】33. Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he _ something instead of just talking. A. will do B. has done C. do D. did 【答案】D,高考链接2012,【2012浙江】19. Had they known what was coming next, they _ second thoughts. A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had 【答案】D,1.（2011全国）32. They _ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. A. will B. can C. must D. should,高考链接2011,
