1、Unit 4 Making the news,知识归纳,1. _ adj. 快乐的; 欣喜的 2. _ vt. 递交; 呈递(文件等) 3. _ adj. 渴望的; 热切的 4. _ v. 集中; 聚集 5. _ vt. 更新; 使现代化 6. _ v. 获得; 取得; 学到 7. _ adv. 其间; 同时,delighted,submit,eager,concentrate,update,acquire,meanwhile,知识清单,(一) 基本单词,8. _ vt. 指责; 谴责; 控告 9. _ adj. 犯罪的; 有罪的; 内疚的 10. _ n. 需求; 要求 vt. 强烈要求 1
2、1. _ vt. 出版; 发行; 发表; 公布 12. _ adj. 彻底的; 详尽的 13. _ adj. 精确的; 正确的 14. _ vt. 擦亮; 磨光; 润色 15. _ vt. 加工; 处理n. 过程; 程序; 步骤,accuse,guilty,demand,publish,thorough,accurate,polish,process,16. _ vt. 帮助; 协助; 援助_ n. 帮助; 援助_ n. 助手; 助理; 售货员 17. _ vt. 评估; 评定_ n. 评定; 评价,assist,assistance,assistant,assess,assessment,(
3、二) 派生单词,18. _ vt. 告知; 通知_ n. 信息; 消息 19. _ adj. 年长的; 高年级的; 高级的(反义词)_ adj. 青年的; 低下的 20. _ vt. 赞成; 认可; 批准 _ n. 批准; 认可,inform,information,senior,junior,approve,approval,1. 集中; 全神贯注于 2. 依靠; 依赖 3. 因指责或控告 4. 为了(做) 5. 在前面,concentrate on,depend on,accuse of,so as to (do sth.),ahead of,(三) 短语,6. 对有敏感的嗅觉 7. 通知
4、某人某事 8. 记在心里 9. 完全误解; 弄错10. 最后,have a good nose for,keep in mind,inform sb. of sth.,get the wrong end of the stick,last of all,1. Never will Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.周阳永远不会忘记他在一家畅销英文报纸的第一项工作任务。never置于句首, 句子用部分倒装。,(四)句式,2. His discussion
5、with his new boss, Hu Xin (HX), was to strongly influence his life as a journalist.他同新上司胡欣的讨论对他的记者生涯必将产生强烈的影响。be to do可用于表示注定要发生的动作或事物, 译为“注定会, 一定会”。,3. Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know.只有提很多不同的问题, 你才能收集到你所需要的信息。only+状语从句, 可引起局部倒装。,1. sub
6、mit vt. (使)服从; (使)顺从;提交; 递交; 呈递(文件等),课文原句: Later you can cover a story and submit the article yourself. 以后，你才能独自去进行新闻采访并提交自己的新闻稿。,核心要点,(一)单词,【归纳】submit.to. 提交, 呈递(文件、建议)等submit oneself to 顺从; 屈服; 投降; 不得以接受,2. eager adj. 渴望的; 热切的,课文原句: Youll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may b
7、e able to concentrate on photography later if youre interested. 你将发现你的同事们会热情地帮助你。如果你对摄影感兴趣，以后你可以集中精力去钻研。,【归纳】be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事be eager for sth. 渴望,assist vt. 帮助; 协助; 援助,【归纳】assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事assist sb. in/with sth. 帮助某人某事assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事,【拓展】assistance n. 帮助; 援助giv
8、e/lend assistance to sb. 给某人提供帮助afford/offer assistance 提供援助come to ones assistance 帮助某人assistant n. 助手，助理,3. acquire vt. 获得; 取得; 学到,课文原句: Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know. 你只有提出了许多不同的问题之后才有可能获得你需要知道的信息。,【归纳】acquire sth. 得到/掌握/获得/养成an acq
9、uired taste 养成的爱好, acquire强调经过努力或某一过程得到某物, 宾语多为知识、技能等抽象的东西;也指日积月累渐渐地获得。 obtain多指获得所需或期望已久的东西。 get是一般用语, 用途很广。可指以任何方式得到某物, 也不一定要经过努力。,acquire/obtain/get,5. assess vt. 评定; 评估,课文原句: That means you must be able to assess when people are not telling the whole truth and then try to discover it. 那就是说，在人们没有
10、说出全部真相时，你必须能够判断出，并努力发现真相。,【归纳】assess sb. / sth. 评估, 评定(性质、质量)assess sth. (at sth.) 评算, 估定, 核定(数量、价值)【拓展】assessment n. 看法; 评估; 评定; 判定,6. inform vt. 通知; 告知,课文原句: They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story. 记者必须通过调查研究, 来使自己了解到被遗漏的那部分情况。,【归纳】inform sb. of/about sth. 通知
11、某人有关的事情inform yourself of/about sth.了解; 熟悉inform on sb. 告发, 检举,7. case n. 情况; 病例; 案例,课文原句: Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick? 你有没有过这样的情况：别人控告你的记者，说他的报道失实？,【归纳】in any case 无论如何; 不管怎样in case 以防; 以防万一in case of sth. 如果; 假使in that case
12、既然那样; 假使那样的话,accuse vt. 指责；谴责；控告 【归纳】accuse sb.of (doing) sth.控告某人be accused of 被指责; 控告 【拓展】the accused 被告accusing adj. 谴责的，指责的,【辨析】 accuse与charge都可作“控告”讲, 但charge 需与with搭配，即charge sb. with sth.。 如： David has been accused of theft. = David has been charged with theft.,8. demand vt. 强烈要求n. 要求; 需要,课文原
13、句: It was a dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong. 这事有些为难, 因为如果我们错了, 那个足球运动员就可以向我们索要赔偿。,【归纳】in demand 需求大on demand 一经要求demand to do sth. 要求做某事demand that.(should) 要求,9. approve vt. 赞成; 认可; 批准,课文原句: Last of all, the chief editor read it and approved it. 最后主编审读了这篇
14、稿子，并且批准发表了。,【归纳】approve sth. 通过/批准approve of sb./sth. 赞同/赞成 【拓展】approval n. 批准; 同意; 赞成,1. concentrate on 集中; 全神贯注于,课文原句: Youll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if youre interested. 你将发现你的同事们会热情地帮助你。如果你对摄影感兴趣，以后你可以集中精力去钻研。,(二)短语,【归纳
15、】concentrate on (doing) sth.专心(做)某事concentrate ones mind/attention on集中注意力在 【拓展】concentration n. 专注; 专心; 关注; 重视concentrated adj. 决心要做的; 全力以付的,2. depend on 依赖; 依靠,课文原句: Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says. 同时，你还要根据被采访人所说的话准备提出下一个问题。,【归纳】depend on sb. to d
16、o sth. 依靠某人做某事depend on sb. for sth. 靠某人供给某物depend on/upon sth.受影响; 由决定; 取决于That depends./It all depends.视情况而定,3. so as to (do sth.) 为了(做),课文原句: A footballer was accused of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team win. 一位足球运动员被指控受贿，故意不进球，好让对方球队赢球。,【归纳】 so as to, to
17、后接不定式, 引导目的状语。其否定形式为so as not to。,so as to后接不定式表目的, 不能置于句首, 其逻辑主语为句子的主语; so.as to不能表示目的, 只表示结果; in order to后接不定式表目的, 既可置于句首, 也可置于句中, 意为“以便, 为了”; so that既可引导目的状语从句, 也可引导结果状语从句。,so as to/soas to/in order to/so that,4. ahead of 在前面 课文原句: We need it in this edition to be ahead of the other newspapers.我们
18、这一版就要用，这样我们就抢在其他报纸的前面了。【归纳】ahead of time 提前ahead of ones time超越某人那个时代,1. His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin (HX), was to strongly influence his life as a journalist.be to do 结构在本句中译为“注定会, 一定”。,(三)句式,be to do结构有多重含义： 注定要发生; 预先安排好的计划或约定; 应该; 用于条件句中表示“想要, 设想”。,2. Only if you ask many different qu
19、estions will you acquire all the information you need to know.放在句首的状语若由“only+副词”、“only+介词词组”、“only+状语从句”构成, 可引起局部倒装, 即把助动词、情态动词或系动词be放在主语之前。,e.g. Only then did I realize the importance of my health.只是在那时我才认识到健康的重要性。Only when the war was over in 1945 was he able to get back to work.只是在1945年战争结束后他才得以回
20、去工作。,语法,倒装 在英语中，为了强调或者出于语法结构的需要，往往采用倒装语序。倒装一般有两种：一种是将主语和谓语换位，叫做完全倒装；另一种是将谓语的一部分(通常是助动词或情态动词)移至主语之前，叫做部分倒装。,如： Into the shop came two customers. (完全倒装) Seldom have I read an article that was so full of lies. (部分倒装),常见的完全倒装的情况: 1. 当表示地点的介词短语位于句首且主语为名词时。如：Under the tree is sitting a handsome young boy.
21、In front of the playground is a newly-built house.,2. 当out, in, up, down, off, here, there, now, then等副词位于句首且主语为名词时。 如：In came the English teacher with a book in his hand.Here comes the assistant you want to see. 3. 在there be结构中。如：There is a man at the bus stop.,4. 当作表语的形容词、过去分词等位于句首且主语为名词时。如：Presen
22、t at the party were all world-famous singers. 5. 在某些表示祝愿的句子中。如：Long live our friendship!,常见的部分倒装的情况: 1. 当含有否定意义的副词或连词hardly, never, not, little, seldom, no longer, not only, not until等位于句首时。如：Never before have I seen such a thrilling film.Little did I know that my life was about to change.,注意： not o
23、nly . but also . 连接两个并列分句时，如果not only位于句首，则前一分句倒装，后一分句仍然用陈述语序。如：Not only did I know Helen, but also I was her best friend. not until后跟状语从句位于句首时，从句不倒装，后面的主句倒装。如：Not until her son came back did Mrs. White go to bed last night.,2. only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。如：Only in this way was Jack able to make himse
24、lf understood.Only then did I know the importance of friendship. Only after she finished the homework did she leave. 注意：如果only修饰主语位于句首时, 句子不倒装。如： Only a few students can answer this question.,3. so, neither, nor引起的句子，表示前面的情况也适用于另一人或物。如：Mrs. Wang has gone abroad, so has her daughter. If you dont atte
25、nd the meeting, neither / nor will I. 4. as引导让步状语从句时，常将表语、状语或谓语提前，构成倒装。此时as可与连词though替换。 如：Angry as / though Professor Smith was, he managed to speak calmly.,5. if引导虚拟条件句时，可将if省略，同时将were / had / should等提至主语前。如：Had Mike got up earlier, he could have caught the bus.,根据括号内的汉语提示补全下列句子。 1) On the wall _
26、(挂着一幅齐白石的画). 2) Only when I got home _ (我才意识到发生了什么). 3) _ (尽管我很疲惫), I continued my work.,hangs a painting by Qi Baishi,did I realize what had happened,Tired as / though I was,4) _ (那位顾客不仅抱怨饭菜), he also refused to pay for it. 5) I havent been to France, _ (吉姆也没去过).,Not only did the customer complain
27、about the meal,neither / nor has Jim,写作,如何写新闻报道,新闻报道是关于最近发生的重要而新鲜的事情的报道或评述。它一般分为四个部分：标题、导语、主体、结语。每部分特点如下：一、标题是新闻报道的题目，是对最有新闻价值内容的浓缩、概括、提炼和再创造。,二、导语是消息开头的第一段或第一句话，它简明扼要地揭示出报道的核心内容(包括时间、地点、人物、事件)。三、主体是导语之后的新闻展开，补充更加详实的细节，使新闻报道内容更加充实。四、结语一般是最后一句话或者一段话，通常对全文内容进行概括性的总结或对新闻事件的发展趋势做出预测。,【写作任务】 7 月25 日，你班举办
28、了一场辩论赛，同学们就“父母该不该生二胎”进行了讨论。假定你是学校英语报记者，请你写一篇短文报道此次辩论赛。主要内容包括：,注意： 1. 词数120左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 标题已给出，但不计入总词数。 Two Kids in One Family Support or Not? _,【写作指导】 审题定调本习作属于新闻报道，因此要客观真实地提供事件发生的时间、地点、主要对象和事件的起因、经过、结果。语言要客观、准确、简练。可采用第一人称或第三人称，时态以过去时为主。,谋篇布局本写作标题已给出，故我们只需写出导语、主体和结语。步骤如下：1. 概括导语：时间(7 月2
29、5 日)，地点(我班)，人物(同学们)，事件(辩论赛)；2. 介绍正反观点：正方观点自己不再孤单，父母老了有更多人照顾；反方观点增加家庭负担，影响生活水平；3. 总结全文：给出比赛结果，提出问题。,组织语言 1. 导语,2. 主体,3. 结语,【范文展示】 普通范文 Two Kids in One Family Support or Not?On July 25th, a heated debate on whether parents should have a second child was held in our class. Details are as follows.One te
30、am considered it an excellent idea to have a brother or sister. In their view, they wouldnt feel lonely any more and their parents would feel more secure when getting old.,However, the other team thought it would have a negative effect on the quality of their life. Because raising a child needs a lo
31、t of money, time and energy.In the end, the team who were against a “second child” won the debate. But, what choice will their parents make? Do they have the same intention?, 高级范文 Two Kids in One Family Support or Not?The release of the two-child policy has aroused a heated discussion throughout the
32、 whole country. On July 25th, our class held a debate on this hot issue.The team who wanted a brother or sister thought they would feel less lonely. Whats more, parents would have two kids to depend on when they grew old, which of course would relieve the pressure on “the only child”.,However, the o
33、ther team held a totally opposite view. They argued that a second child was certain to add more mental or financial burdens to the family.Finally, the team holding the negative attitude beat their opponent. Will the result weaken some parents enthusiasm for giving birth to a second child?,巩固练习,I. 用括
34、号内单词的正确形式填空。 1. Citizens should contact the police if they notice anything _ (usual). 2. I was absolutely _ (delight) with the way things had turned out. 3. Ill ask my personal _ (assist) to deal with this.,delighted,unusual,assistant,4. The police did a(n) _ (admire) job in keeping the fans calm. 5
35、. Youre a nurse, so can I ask your _ (profession) opinion on bandaging ankles? 6. Please let me know if you are unable to keep your _ (appoint).,admirable,appointment,professional,II. 根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子。 1. You must _ (提交你的申请) before January 1st. 2. In her later years, Helen_ (专心致志于她的写作).,submit your
36、application,concentrated on her writing,3. Not until he retired _ (he, did, consider) having a holiday abroad. 4. I cant ever remember Dad hugging me. _ (did, neither, I, sit) on his knees.,did he consider,Neither did I sit,5. Only in this house _ (I, do, feel) safe and secure. 6. Its nice. Never be
37、fore _ (I, had, have) such a special drink!,do I feel,have I had,III. 按照示例把下面句子改写为倒装句。 例：I never have felt so happy before. Never have I felt so happy before. 1. They are such wonderful players that no one can beat them.Such wonderful players are they that no one can beat them. 2. Tom had hardly fin
38、ished his phone call when Mary knocked at the door. Hardly had Tom finished his phone call when Mary knocked at the door.,3. If I had known it was her birthday, I would have bought her a gift.Had I known it was her birthday, I would have bought her a gift. 4. Not only did he spill coffee everywhere,
39、 but he also broke my favourite vase.He not only spilled coffee everywhere but also broke my favourite vase.,5. They dont mind the higher prices, and we dont mind either.They dont mind the higher prices, and neither / nor do we. 6. I noticed that my travel bag was missing only when I arrived at the
40、hotel. Only when I arrived at the hotel did I notice that my travel bag was missing.,IV. 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。,In 1864 when he was 17, Joseph Pulitzer moved to the US from Hungary as a soldier for the Union army during the American Civil War. Struggling to make 1. _ living in St. Lou
41、is after the war, he eventually got a job with a German language newspaper. A(n) 2. _ (gift) journalist, by 1872 he had acquired enough money to buy the St. Louis Post for $3,000, which was,gifted,a,successful enough for him to buy the St. Louis Dispatch as well. In an editorial he informed his read
42、ers 3. _ the new St. Louis Post-Dispatch would be independent and would publish only the 4. _ (true). Success continued and in 1883 he was wealthy enough to buy the New York World, which became the 5. _ (big) selling newspaper in the country. A sales war with William Randolph Hearst, owner of the Ne
43、w York Journal, 6. _ (lead) to the development of yellow journalism, the,led,that,truth,biggest,use of bold (用粗体印刷的) headlines, exciting stories, illustrations and color supplements (副刊) to sell newspapers. 7. _ (fail) eyesight eventually forced Pulitzer to give up his role as editor and concentrate
44、 8. _ the papers business side. By 1911 he was 9. _ (complete) blind and handed the running of the paper over to his son, Ralph. He died soon after leaving $2 million to Columbia University,on,Failing,completely,which used the money 10. _ (establish) a graduate school for journalists and organized the first Pulitzer Prize for journalism.,to establish,
