1、1Unit 22 Environmental Protection李仕才阅读理解APersuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish. According to the ancient Greeks, there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos and logos.Ethos is a speakers way of convincing
2、 the audience that he is trustworthy, honest and reliable. One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education he has in the field. After all, youre more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman.Pathos is a
3、 speakers way of connecting with an audiences emotions. For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war. These words are intended to fill the audience with fear, thus making them want to vote for him. Si
4、milarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make the viewers feel pity, so they will be more likely to donate money.Logos is the use of facts, statistics or other evidence to support your argument. An audience will believe you if you have convincing data to
5、 back up your claims. Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply saying “believe me”.Although ethos, pathos and logos all have their strengths, they are often most effective when used together. So, the next time you listen to a speech, watch a commercial or listen to a friend try t
6、o convince you to lend him some money, be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion.1.What is the purpose of persuasion?A. To advise somebody to support you.B. To help someone have special skillC. To convince somebody to realize his aim.2D. To talk someone into being honest.2.What i
7、s a speakers way of convincing the audience to trust him?A. Pathos. B. Ethos.C. Logos. D. Education.3.What do a politician and an animal charity have in common?A. Both prevent themselves from being hurt.B. Both save people from terrible wars.C. Both make the audience support them.D. Both persuade pe
8、ople to donate money.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Convince the Audience B. Three Basic Tools of PersuasionC. Believe Me D. Strength of Persuasion【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了源自于古希腊且一直沿用至今的说服他人的艺术，其中包括 ethos、pathos、logos 三种方式以及用这三种方式说服他人在各个领域应用的可能性。1.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句话“Persu
9、asion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish.”可知，说服是为了建议人们支持你。故选 A。3.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from aterrible
10、 war.”和最后一句“Similarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make the viewers feel pity, so they will be more likely to donate money.”可知，政治家可能会说他会独自一人从可拍的战争中挽救一个国家为了说服观众为他投票，动物慈善机构向观众展示受伤的猫或者狗的图片是为了让观众感到可怜，更可能捐款。因此可知，政治家和慈善机构的共同之处是他们都想让听众支3持他们。故选 C。4.B 【解析】标题判
11、断题。纵观全文可知，文章主要介绍了说服人的艺术，包括ethos、pathos、logos 三中不同的方式，以及这三种方式在各个领域应用的可能性。因此推断 B项“说服的三种基本方式”为最佳标题，概况了文章中心主旨。故选 B。B(2017潍坊 3月模拟)The elevator of the future may be just over_the_horizon thanks to German company ThyssenKrupp.The firm has invented a cablefree elevator (called MULTI) that can go up and down
12、 like traditional lifts but the magnetic motors allow it to go sidetoside too.The designers predict that this technology could increase the carrying capacity of existing architecture by as much as 50%.Plus it looks really neat.ThyssenKrupp plans to use lightweight materials to build its elevator car
13、s of the future and the lack of a cable winch(钢缆绞车) will reduce weight as well.The cars wouldnt just move up and down as they do now but would instead go in a circle that allows more cars to slip in right behind the next.The result is that you might only have to wait 10 seconds for the next one to a
14、rrive rather than wait for the one you just missed to come back down.The technology backing ThyssenKrupps MULTI elevator is very similar to magnetic levitation(磁悬浮) systems used in highspeed trains.Each car has two magnetic motorsone for vertical movement and the other for horizontal.This system can
15、 also deliver power to the cars internal lighting and electronics without using wires.A traditional cable driven elevator has mechanical components that can hold the car in place in the event of a poweroff.ThyssenKrupp didnt go into detail about safety measures in its announcement but its safe to sa
16、y the magnetic levitation elevator will have some sort of system to hold it in place if the lights go out.ThyssenKrupp is working on a test tower that will be used to develop the MULTI into a real elevator technology.This should be up and running by 2017 but it will probably take at least a few more
17、 years before you get to climb inside a magnetic elevator car.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。德国 ThyssenKrupp公司已研发出一款名为 MULTI的无缆线式电梯，这种带磁力马达的电梯不仅可以像传统升降电梯那样上下移动，还可以4在水平方向上运作，运载能力也将提升 50%之多。这种电梯有望在不久的将来投入使用。1What does the underlined phrase “over the horizon” mean?AAbove sea level. BOn the way.COn the market. DOut of
18、 sight.B 解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段最后两句 ThyssenKrupp is working on a test tower that will be used to develop the MULTI into a real elevator technology.This should be up and running by 2017.可知，这种新型电梯预计在2017年启动并运行。由此可推知，画线部分的词意为“即将，即将来临” ，与 B项“On the way”意思相近。故选 B。2MULTI is designed to _Asave energy Bcarry more
19、passengersCrun much faster Dbe neat and comfortableB 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第三句 The designers predict that this technology could increase the carrying capacity of existing architecture by as much as 50%.可知，设计 MULTI电梯的目的是为了增加运载能力，即为了能运载更多的人。故选 B。3The key technology about MULTI is its _Acable winch Bmagnetic m
20、otorCwireless electronics Dlighting materialB 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句 The technology backing ThyssenKrupps MULTI elevator is very similar to magnetic levitation(磁悬浮)systems used in highspeed trains.Each car has two magnetic motorsone for vertical movement and the other for horizontal.可知，MULTI 电梯的关键技术是有两
21、个磁力马达。故选 B。4What can be learned from the last paragraph?AMULTI will sell well.BMULTI has to work on a tower.CMULTI will be put into use in 2017.DMULTI has a safety system in case of poweroff.D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句but its safe to say the magnetic levitation elevator will have some sort of system to hol
22、d it in place if the lights go out.可知，当停电的时候，MULTI 电梯也有某种系统保证其安全。故选D。A、B 两项文章没有提及；根据文章最后一句可知，用于 MULTI的一个测试塔将在 2017启动运行，但可能得需要几年才可以乘坐该电梯，故 C项不正确。5CHe was there every morning, sitting motionless on the front steps of his house. In the morning light, I could see the shadows that were etched(蚀刻)deep wit
23、hin the lines surrounding his eyes.Each morning I walked this route with my daughter to her kindergarten class. We were new to the neighborhood so that I didnt know many of my neighbors. On one beautiful autumn morning, as we passed his house, my daughter called out to him, “Hi, Mr. Man!” Always the
24、 outgoing child, I wasnt surprised at her enthusiasm. But her cheerfulness soon faded when the man didnt look at her and say “Hi” back.As we continued on our walk to school, my daughter asked why the man didnt want to say hi to her. Because I didnt have an answer, I said simply, “Maybe he is having
25、a bad day.” later I knew that Bob lost his wife in a car accident.A few days later, as we approached Bobs house on our way to school, my daughter called out “Hi Mr. Man!” and as usual, he didnt respond. But then she ran onto his front lawn and picked up a beautiful red autumn leaf. She continued up
26、one step and handed it to him. I held my breath.As she skipped back to me, she said, “See you tomorrow, Mr. Man!” This time, he acknowledged her. In a soft gentle voice, he thanked her and said, “See you tomorrow.”From then on, Bob and my daughter exchanged greeting each morning. Our friendship with
27、 Bob continued for many years. But, the sweetest day is when Bob attended my daughters high school graduation. Bob gave my daughter a gift-a book on identifying various plants and trees. There, tucked in the pages that described an oak tree, was the leaf my daughter had given to Mr. Man when they fi
28、rst met. He had dried and pressed it and kept it all those years.1.What puzzled the girl?A. The cause of the mans sadnessB. The shadows in the mans eyesC. The mans sitting still on the steps6D. The mans not answering her greeting2.How did the author feel when his daughter gave the red leaf to the ma
29、n?A. Proud B. NervousC. Embarrassed D. Comfortable3.Why did Bob keep that little red leaf?A. It was a care from a girlB. It was a symbol of enthusiasmC. It was a reminder of his painful daysD. It represented the knowledge of trees4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.A Simple
30、 Red Leaf B.A Strange NeighborC. An Unusual Friend D.A Greeting From A girl【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。每天上学的路上，我和女儿总会遇见一位男士，女儿总会给他打招呼，但没有得到答复，有一天当女儿给他摘一片红色的树叶的时候，再次打招呼的时候，这次得到了答复。多年后在女儿毕业的时候，这位男士送给女儿一本书，上面印有各种各样的植物和树，还有女儿曾经送给他的那片树叶，在那片树叶里包含着那位男士痛苦的过去。1.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中 But her cheerfulness soon faded when the
31、man didnt look at her and say “Hi” back.及 As we continued on our walk to school, my daughter asked why the man didnt want to say hi to her. Because I didnt have an answer,的提示可知令那位女孩困惑的是那位男士没有回答她的问候，故选 D。3.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中 later I knew that Bob lost his wife in a car accident.的描述可知当时 Bob刚刚失去自己的妻子，而
32、女儿的行为让他很感动，所以保存下来这片红色的叶子，从而当作对自己痛苦时光的回忆，故选 A。4.A 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文中的描述可知这片红色的叶子一直贯穿全文，就是因为它才使故事得以发展，因此，一片红色的叶子就是该文的主旨，故选 A。7D(2017南宁第二次检测)About a quarter of the world drives on the left, and the countries that do are mostly old British colonies(殖民地) like Australia, and Ireland.But Thailand, Indonesia an
33、d Japan also do so.This strange qnirk(奇事) puzzles the rest of the world! However, there is a perfectly good reason.Up to the late 1700s, everybody travelled on the left side of the road because its the most sensible option for feudal(封建的), violent societies with mostly righthanded people.Soldiers wi
34、th their swords under their right arm naturally passed on each others right, and if you passed a stranger on the road, you walked on the left to ensure that your protective sword arm was between yourself and him.Revolutionary France, however, overturned this practice as part of its sweeping social r
35、ethink.A change was carried out all over continental Europe by Napoleon.It changed under Napoleon because he was lefthanded.His armies had to march on the right so he could keep his sword arm between him and any opponent.From then on, any part colonised by the French travelled on the right.After the
36、 American Revolutionary War(17751783), the US became independent and decided to make traffic drive on the right in order to cast off all remaining links with its British colonial past.As America became the center of the car industry, if you wanted a good reliable vehicle, you bought American rightha
37、nddrive cars.From then on, many countries changed out of necessity.Today, the EU would like Britain to fall into line with the rest of Europe, but this is no longer possible.It would cost billions of pounds to change everything round.The last European country to change driving on the right was Swede
38、n in 1967.While everyone was getting used to the new system, they paid more attention and took more care, resulting in a reduction of the number of road accidents.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了汽车靠右行驶和靠左行驶的差异及其产生的历史原因。1Why did people travel on the left before the late 18th century?AThey were required to do so
39、.BThey were mostly lefthanded.CIt was easier to cross the street.DThey could feel safer from attacks.8D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句and if you passed a stranger on the road，you walked on the left to ensure that your protective sword arm was between yourself and him.可知，18 世纪末以前，人们走在左边可能是为了防止进攻者，使自己更安全。故答案选 D。2
40、What was Napoleons attitude to walking on the left?ASupport. BDisapproval.CDoubt. DSympathy.B 解析：观点态度题。根据第三段第三、四句 It changed under Napoleon because he was lefthanded.His armies had to march on the right so he could keep his sword arm between him and any opponent.可推知，拿破仑改变了人们靠左行走的习惯，说明他是不赞成的。A 项意为“支持
41、” ；B 项意为“反对，不赞成” ；C 项意为“怀疑” ；D 项意为“同情” 。故答案选 B。3For American, driving on the right was a way to show _Athe connection with France was brokenBthe US was no longer ruled by the UKCthe American Revolution War had endedDAmerica was the center of the car industryB 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句 After the American Rev
42、olutionary War(17751783)，the US became independent and decided to make traffic drive on the right in order to cast off all remaining links with its British colonial past.可知，美国改变汽车行驶方向为靠右行驶是为了表示美国不再受英国的统治。故答案选 B。4What is the main cause of the UK failing to adopt the new system?AIts high costs to chan
43、ge.BIts increasing traffic accidents.CIts influence on colonies.DIts fastdeveloping car industry.A 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句 It would cost billions of pounds to change everything round.可知，因为改变需要很大一笔费用，所以英国不会采用新的制度。故答案选 A。七选五(2017青岛质量检测)Every year, thousands of students choose to study overseas.1._ The foll
44、owing steps may prove useful in their preparations to study overseas. 9Get to know your new home before you land in it.There is no substitute for good preparation.2._ Learning about the history, culture, tradition, language and even details such as food, music, transport, weather and social activiti
45、es of your new host country are all important.Thanks to the Internet, most of this can be found at the click of a button.Pack using your head and your heart.3_ Whatever you bring, make sure that it will be something that you think might help your chances of succeeding. This includes practical items
46、such as study materials, old class notes, favorite textbooks or pens and even the contact details of previous teachers.4._It is important to realize that while new and exciting things may be happening to you in your new environment, things and people back at home will also be changing.When you retur
47、n home for a visit after a long period of time away, it is possible to feel isolated and experience “reverse(颠倒的) culture shock”Therefore, with the ease and convenience of communicating via the Internet nowadays, there is no excuse not to keep in touch!Learn from all experiences.Value both your achi
48、evements and disappointments as learning experiences that can be applied to future situations in life.Dont ignore negative experiences.5._ATalk to your close friends and family about your thoughts, dreams and fears.BInstead, learn from mistakes and turn them into opportunities for future improvement
49、.CIts not easy being practical when deciding what to pack.DIf you are fortunate enough to meet a foreigner, be sure to ask them as much information as possible.EKeep in touch with your roots.FAt first thought, the task of preparing to begin life away from home can seem frightening.GArm yourself with background knowledge by researching information about the country you are going to.10【解题导语】 文章针对出国留学前应做哪些准备提出了一些建议。1F 解析：根据下
