1、1题组提分练 14 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars 限时 35 分钟 加黑体小题训练推断判断题之写作意图题阅读理解 A (原创) 体裁：说明文 话题：世界与环境 难度：Scientists recently announced the discovery of a small, birdlike dinosaur from China which had unusual, colorful feathers. The scientists named the colorful dinosaur Caihong, which lived 161
2、 million years ago during the Jurassic Period of earths history, the Mandarin word for rainbow. They discovered the nearly complete and almost entirely undamaged fossil in Hebei Province.(第一段中的关键词 discovery 是答题线索)(第一句说明羽毛的形状和颜色)Microscopic structuresin the fossil suggest that the creature had wide,
3、shinyfeathers, mostly covering the dinosaurs head and upperbody, while much of its body had dark feathers. Chad Eliason is an evolutionary biologist with the Field Museum in Chicago, Illinois. He helped write the study announcing the discovery in the scientific publication Nature Communications. Eli
4、ason told the Reuters news service that the discovery “suggests a more colorful Jurassic World than we previously imagined.”The scientists used powerful microscopes to identify the remains of the cell structures responsible for the apparent color of the feathers. The shape of those structures appear
5、s to have influenced what color the feathers would have. Roundshaped structures in the Caihong fossil show that it had feathers similar to that of a modernday hummingbird.The dinosaur had many birdlike qualities. But researchers doubt if it could actually fly. Its feathers could have served the purp
6、ose of gaining the attention of sexual partners while also providing protection from heat and cold. Caihong was twolegged and had a long, narrow head with sharp teeth. It had boney crests above its eyes, and it hunted other smaller animals for food.Scientists say many dinosaurs had feathers. Birds e
7、volved from small feathered dinosaurs near the end of the Jurassic Period. Caihong had two kinds of feathers, and was the earliestknown creature with feathers that did not have the same shape on both sides. This is a physical2quality that modern birds have and use to direct themselves while flying.T
8、he unevenly shaped feathers on Caihong were on its tail. This suggests that tail feathers, not arm feathers, were first used to improve movement through the air in flying dinosaurs, scientists said.【语篇解读】 文章介绍了彩色恐龙“彩虹”化石的发现及科学家们对其羽毛的研究。1The purpose of the passage is to _.A. encourage further researc
9、hB. introduce a latest discoveryC. describe a unique animalD. provide some evidence答案与解析 B 写作意图题。文章介绍彩色恐龙“彩虹”化石的发现及科学家们对其羽毛的研究，故文章的目的是介绍一个最新的发现。2The colorful feathers of the dinosaur _.A. had different shapes B. helped it hunt animalsC. could help it fly in the skyD. covered much of its body 答案与解析 A
10、 细节理解题。根据文章对恐龙“彩虹”羽毛的介绍可知他的彩色羽毛覆盖了头部和上身，而身体大部分是暗色羽毛。根据倒数第二段中的“did not have the same shape on both sides”可知，羽毛的形状不同，故 A 项正确。3What is the attitude of Chad Eliason to the discovery?A. Indifferent. B. Doubtful.C. Cautious. D. Positive. 答案与解析 D 观点态度题。根据第二段中的“suggests a more colorful Jurassic World than w
11、e previously imagined”可知，他对这个发现所持的态度是积极肯定的。阅读理解 B (原创) 体裁：说明文 话题：社会 难度：The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Winter Solstice (冬至), the 22nd solar term of the year, begins this year on Dec. 22 and ends on Jan. 5.On the first day of Winter Solstice, the Northern
12、Hemisphere experiences the shortest day and the longest night in the year, as the sun shines directly at the Tropic of Capricorn. From then on, the days become longer and the nights 3become shorter. The Winter Solstice also marks the arrival of the coldest season in the year. There was a saying that
13、 went in ancient China, “The Winter Solstice is as significant as the Spring Festival.” As early as the Zhou Dynasty (c.11th century256BC), people celebrated the first day of the Winter Solstice, which was also the first day of the new year. The Winter Solstice became a winter festival during the Ha
14、n Dynasty (206BC220AD). The celebratory activities were officially organized. On this day, both officials and ordinary people would have a rest. During subsequent (随后的) dynasties, such as the Tang (618-907), Song (960-1279) and Qing dynasties (1644-1911), the Winter Solstice was a day to offer sacri
15、fices to Heaven and to ancestors.During Winter Solstice in North China, eating dumplings is essential to the festival. There is a saying that goes “Have dumplings on the first day of Winter Solstice and noodles on the first day of Summer Solstice.” People in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, are accustomed
16、to eating wontons (馄饨) in midwinter. According to a legend, during the midwinter feast 2,500 years ago, the King of Wu was tired of all costly foods and wanted to eat something different. Then, the beauty Xishi made “wontons” for the king. He ate a lot and liked the food very much. In memory of Xish
17、i, the people of Suzhou made wontons the official food to celebrate the festival.During the Winter Solstice, Hangzhou residents traditionally eat rice cakes. In places such as Shanghai, people eat tangyuan, a kind of stuffed small dumpling ball made of glutinous rice flour to celebrate Winter Solsti
18、ce.【语篇解读】 早在周朝(公元前 11 世纪公元前 256 年)的时候，人们会在冬至第一天祭神，当时冬至也是新年的第一天。在汉朝(公元前 206 年公元 220 年)的时候冬至成了一个冬节。冬至的第一天，北方人吃饺子，苏州人吃馄饨，上海人吃汤圆而杭州人吃年糕。4Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. The first day of the Winter Solstice is also the first day of the new year.B. The Winter Solstice
19、 became a winter festival during the Tang Dynasty.C. The Winter Solstice marks the coming of the coldest season in the year.D. The Winter Solstice is the last solar term of the year.答案与解析 C 正误判断题。根据第二段最后一句话“冬至也标志着一年当中最冷季4节的到来。 ”可知选项 C 正确。5Which of the food is eaten on the first day of the Winter Sol
20、stice in memory of Xishi?A. Dumplings. B. Rice cakes.C. Tangyuan. D. Wontons.答案与解析 D 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知苏州人在冬至的第一天吃馄饨是为了纪念西施，故选项 D 正确。6The passage is written to _.A. show how to celebrate the Winter SolsticeB. explain the meaning of the Winter SolsticeC. introduce something about the Winter SolsticeD.
21、 share his opinions about the Winter Solstice答案与解析 C 写作意图题。文章介绍了冬至的庆祝活动和人们在冬至的第一天所吃的传统食物，故文章目的在于介绍与冬至有关的事情，故选项 C 正确。词汇微存 in memory of 纪念； significant adj.重要的阅读理解 C (2018邢台质检) 体裁：夹叙夹议文 话题：社会 难度：Not long ago, I tried convincing my three daughters that the worlds secrets are hidden inside silence. The
22、girls looked at me skeptically. Surely silence is nothing?Sitting there at the dinner table, I suddenly remembered their curiosity as children, their wondering about what might be hidden behind a door and their amazement as they stared at a light switch and asked me to “open the light” . But now the
23、y are 13, 16 and 19 and wonder less and less. If they still wonder at anything，they quickly pull out theirsmart phones to find the answer. None of them have any interest in discussing with me. To attract their attention, I told them about two friends of mine who had decided to climb Mount Qomolangma
24、.Early one morning they left base camp to climb the southwest wall of the mountain. It was going well. Both reached the summit, but then came the storm. They soon realized they would not make it down alive. The first got hold of his pregnant wife by satellite phone. Together they decided on the name
25、 of the child that she was carrying. Then he quietly passed away just below the summit. 5My other friend was not able to contact anyone before he died. No one knows exactly what happened on the mountain in those hours. Thanks to the dry, cool climate 8km above sea level, they have both been freezedr
26、ied. They lie there in silence, looking no different.The girls remained quiet, listening. It seemed as though they had got something.It is easy to assume that the essence (本质) of technology is technology itself, but that is wrong. The essence is the time we spend with our family and how much freedom
27、 we have by technology.(点明科技的本质，第 8 和第 11 题答题线索)【语篇解读】 科技带给我们的是什么？作者通过讲述自己和女儿的故事说明科技的本质是我们和家人共度的时光和自由。7Whats the real purpose of the author telling the story?A. To entertain the girls.B. To attract the girls attention to technology.C. To encourage the girls to explore the worlds secret.D. To share a
28、 viewpoint about the essence of technology.答案与解析 D 写作意图题。文章第一段提出科学的本质问题，最后一段说明科技的本质所在，故作者是通过一个故事表达自己对科技的看法。故选项 D 正确。8Why are the girls unwilling to discuss problems with the author when they are puzzled?A. Because they dont want to solve them.B. Because they can turn to the smart phone.C. Because th
29、ey feel ashamed for their problems.D. Because they think it difficult to talk with others.答案与解析 B 推理判断题。根据第二段的第三和第四句可知孩子不愿意和作者讨论的原因是他们可以求助手机查询他们不理解的事情。9How would the author think of the outcome of the storytelling?A. Its effective. B. Its unacceptable.C. Its embarrassing. D. Its discouraging.答案与解析 A
30、 观点态度题。根据倒数第二段第二句话“女孩们好像明白了什么”可知作者的故事是有效的，故选项 A 正确。10What does technology really bring us according to the text?6A. The answers to the puzzling problems.B. The time with our family and freedom.C. The information of learning the outside world.D. The choice of communicating with our friends.答案与解析 B 推理
31、判断题。根据最后一段第二句可知科技的本质是给我们带来和家人在一起的时间和自由，故选项 B 正确。阅读技巧 7 文体类别判意图写作意图类看文体类别：故事类(to tell a story/to share a(n) . experience/to amuse/entertain readers)。广告类(to sell a product/to attract visitors/to persuade readers/to promote .)。说明文(to introduce/to inform readers)。议论文(to argue)。新闻类(to inform/to report .)
32、。看写作手法：在文章开头提出问题或介绍与主题有关的其他事物：to bring in/to introduce the topic。举例或引用某人的话：to support/to show .。阅读七选五 (2018内江模拟) 体裁：说明文 话题：日常活动 难度：Tiny TomatoesTomatoes come in a variety of sizes, shapes and colors. And the little tomatoes are some of the most fun to grow and are perhaps the most rewarding.Plum, ch
33、erry and other small tomato types are fun to grow because they always produce abundant crops of flavorful fruit. They are fun to snack on while working in the garden or while daydreaming about working in the garden. _3_ They are typically sweeter than large tomatoes, and little tomatoes contain less
34、 juice and fewer seeds than large tomatoes.7To grow little tomatoes, select a site that receives at least six to eight hours of full sun per day. Use a large container set in a sunny spot if a sunny planting site is otherwise unavailable._4_ You could also plant seeds, but alreadystarted plants will
35、 provide fruit much more quickly. Water infrequently to help plants grow deep roots before the heat of summer arrives.Harvest fruits when they are ripe. They will generally slip from the plant at this point. _5_ Store harvested fruit indoors and unrefrigerated as cool temperatures change the flavor.
36、A. The best time to grow tomato plants is March.B. All of them are delicious and nearly of the same size.C. But at the same time they should still feel firm in your hand.D. The classifications most commonly refer to differences in size.E. Small tomatoes are also good additions to salads and cooked d
37、ishes.F. Flavor and skin thickness are also influenced by growing conditions.G. Select plants from your favourite local garden center, farmers market etc.答案与解析 【语篇解读】 本文介绍了小西红柿的 4 个品种以及如何种植小西红柿。1D 空前一句说明小西红柿的四个种类， 空后一句说明四个种类的西红柿的大小，故选项 D“这个分类主要指的是大小”符合语境。2F 空前一句说明小西红柿的颜色、味道和皮的厚度的区别与品种有关，故选项F“种植条件也影响味道和皮的厚度”符合语境。3E 空前一句说明小西红柿是休闲的小零食，故设空处应继续说明小西红柿的食用价值，故选项 E 符合语境。4G 空后一句说明种西红柿选择种子或西红柿苗的问题，故选项 G“在你喜欢的菜园或农贸市场挑选植物”符合语境。5C 该段第二句说明小西红柿成熟的条件“从枝头掉下” ，故设空应说明“小西红柿摸起来还是硬的” ，故选项 C 符合语境。词汇微存 abundant adj.丰富的；rewarding adj.有意义的
