1、专题六定语从句,-2-,基础考法,能力考法,考法1考查限制性定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的用法(1)高考常考的关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose等;常考的关系副词有where,when,why等,在从句中做状语(做时间状语用when;做地点状语用where;做原因状语用why)。选择定语从句的引导词主要看引导词在从句中所充当的成分。,-3-,基础考法,能力考法,【典型例题1】(2013全国卷改编)When I arrived,Bryan took me to see the house I would be staying.解析:句意:当我到达的时候,布赖恩带我去看了
2、我将要住的房子。stay为不及物动词,先行词为house,指地点,关系词在从句中做地点状语,故用关系副词where引导该定语从句。答案为where。考法总结设空处无提示词,且设空处前的主句结构完整,考虑设空处填连词或是从句引导词;进一步分析可知,设空后的句子不完整,且对the house起限定作用,因此判断设空处引导定语从句。,-4-,基础考法,能力考法,【典型例题2】(2016北京卷改编)I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.解析:couple为先行词,whose表示所属关系,故答案为whose。考法总
3、结分析句子结构可知,先行词为a couple,将先行词代入定语从句后为:the couples children often make a lot of noise,由此可见,关系词在定语从句中做定语。故答案为whose。,-5-,基础考法,能力考法,(2)考生应注意限制性定语从句中关系代词that与which的区别:引导词前有介词,且指物时要用which;先行词是all等不定代词或由序数词、最高级修饰时要用that。【典型例题3】(2014全国卷)Maybe you have a habit is driving your family crazy.解析:句意:可能你有一种让家人发疯的习惯。
4、分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,先行词是a habit,且在从句中做主语。故填that或which。考法总结设空处无提示词,且设空处前已有谓语动词,设空后的句子缺少主语,可判断设空处为从句引导词;再根据句意判断,设空处引导的从句对habit起限定作用,由此可知此处为定语从句。,-6-,基础考法,能力考法,考法2考查非限制性定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的用法高考最常考查的非限制性定语从句引导词是which或who。考生应注意:关系代词that不能引导非限制性定语从句;关系代词as与which的用法区别:as和which都可指整个主句,但as常译为“正如,正像”,which常译为“这一点”。
5、考生也应掌握where等引导非限制性定语从句的用法。【典型例题4】(2017全国卷)Like anything,it is possible to have too much of both, is not good for the health.解析:句意:跟任何事情一样,有可能(脂肪和盐)吃得太多,这对健康是不好的。根据句子结构可知,此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面的too much of both,在定语从句中做主语,故要用which。考法总结看到逗号,可以确定是非限制性定语从句,因此不可以用that。,-7-,基础考法,能力考法,【典型例题5】(2014北京卷改编)I borrow
6、ed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, my classmates recommended to me.解析:分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句。先行词是the book Sherlock Holmes,需用关系代词指代物,在定语从句中做recommended的宾语。故填which。考法总结看到逗号,考虑设空处需填并列连词或此部分是非限制性定语从句;进一步分析句子结构可判断出主句结构完整,而设空后的句子不完整,再根据句意判断,设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,指代the book,只能填which。,-8-,基础考
7、法,能力考法,考法3考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句高考对“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句的考查集中在介词或是关系代词的选择上:(1)选择介词时,主要看与先行词、从句中谓语动词或形容词的搭配。(2)选择关系代词时,先行词是物,则只能用which;先行词是人,则只能用whom。,-9-,基础考法,能力考法,【典型例题6】(2015浙江卷改编)Creating an atmosphere in employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.解析:句意:创造出让员工把自己看作团队一员的一种氛围是一项极大的挑战。分析句子结构可知,先行词是atmo
8、sphere,定语从句中缺少地点状语,且设空处前有介词in,故只能填which。考法总结引导词前有介词通常用whom或which做关系代词,本题中关系词指代物,由此判断只能用which。,-10-,基础考法,能力考法,考法1识别定语从句含有定语从句的复合句的主句部分结构完整,从句仅对主句中的某个词或主句起限定作用;定语从句常跟在被修饰词之后,有时可能被其他成分将其与被修饰词隔开。考法2分析先行词,确定引导词首先确定先行词,然后分析引导词在从句中充当什么成分:做主语用who/that/which/as;做宾语用who/whom/which/that/as;做表语用that/as;做定语用whos
9、e;做状语则用关系副词when/where/why;做介词宾语则用关系代词which/whom。另外,考生应考虑特殊情况:只用that的情况,只用which的情况,as引导的定语从句等。,-11-,基础考法,能力考法,【典型例题】(2016浙江卷改编)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,none of has been proved.解析:设空处引导一个非限制性定语从句,且在从句中做介词of的宾语,故用关系代词which。考法总结分析句子结构可知,先行词为theories,将先行词代入定
10、语从句后为:None of the theories has been proved.由此可见先行词(指“物”)在定语从句中做介词of的宾语,且介词of已被提前。,-12-,1.(2016全国卷改编)My connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild
11、.2.There are many forms of communication, include texting,cell phones,email,and social media.,when考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导定语从句,且在从句中做时间状语。故填关系副词when。,which考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,该句为非限制性定语从句,先行词为forms of communication,关系词做从句的主语。故用which引导该定语从句。,-13-,3.Sometimes,the reason someone gets cancer is simply
12、an unfortunate mystery.,why考查why引导的定语从句。句意:有时,某人得癌症的原因确实是一个不幸的谜。本处先行词为the reason,定语从句中缺原因状语。故用关系副词why。,4.Serious head and neck injuries happen most often to athletesplay contact sports like football.,who/that考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句,先行词为athletes,指人,关系词在定语从句中做主语。故用who或that。,-14-,5.Mr.Lin wants to talk to the
13、students homework hasnt been handed in.6.The new program is really a big step up from everything else weve seen.,whose,that考查定语从句。that引导定语从句,在从句中做宾语,修饰先行词everything else。当先行词是everything,all,something等不定代词时,关系词应用that。,-15-,7.There is a phrase describes the noodlemaking process:“One noodle in the boil
14、ing water,one flying in the air,and one just being cut.”8.In their class there are altogether 54 students,half ofwear glasses.,that/which考查定语从句。此处表示“有一个习语描述了面条的制作过程”,先行词为a phrase,关系词在定语从句中做主语,指事物,故应用which/that。,whom考查定语从句。句意:他们班总共有54名学生,其中有一半学生戴眼镜。分析句子结构可知,逗号后是非限制性定语从句,先行词是students,指人,关系词做介词of的宾语,所以
15、用whom。,-16-,9.What defines a healthy city? Is it a place with a lot of open spacespeople can exercise and enjoy the fresh air?,where考查where引导的定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为open spaces,关系词在定语从句中做地点状语。故用关系副词where。,10.From his travelling diary,we all know that there is such a beautiful place he has descri
16、bed to us.,as考查as引导的定语从句。句意:从他的旅行日记中我们都知道,他给我们描述了一个如此美丽的地方。当先行词前有as,such,the same等词语修饰时,定语从句由as引导。,-17-,1.Could you recommend a hotel where is in the centre of the town?2.I saw the bright smile light up his face,what made me feel my heart filled with happiness.,wherethat/which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,该句为定语从句
17、,先行词为hotel,关系词在从句中做主语,故用that或which引导定语从句。,whatwhich考查非限制性定语从句。此处应用which指代前面整个句子的内容。,-18-,3.The singing group was so well received that the size of audience,we had expected,was well over ten thousand.,we前加as考查as引导的定语从句。句意:那个合唱团很受欢迎,正如我们所预料的,观众的规模远远超过一万人。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,应用as来引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中做宾语,表示“正如”。,4
18、.Actually Iris is an exchange student from Ireland,whom has been studying in my school for two months.,whomwho考查who引导的定语从句。本处先行词为an exchange student,指人,关系词在非限制性定语从句中做主语,故应用关系代词who。,-19-,5.Our school has developed a learning system that students can do a lot of teamwork.6.The author is going to talk
19、about the countries and people who he has visited.,thatwhere考查where引导的定语从句。句意:我们学校开发了一个学习系统,学生们可以在这个系统上做很多协同工作。分析句子结构可知,定语从句中缺地点状语,故应用where。,whothat考查定语从句。句意:这位作者要谈论一下他所访问过的国家和人民。分析句子结构可知,先行词为the countries and people,当先行词是两个或两个以上,且分别表示人和物时,关系词需用that。,-20-,7.Friday was Laundry Day,on that Kerry felt
20、annoyed.8.I dont want to hear any reason why you might give.9.Please help me to reserve a room which windows face the sea.,thatwhich考查非限制性定语从句。分析该句结构可知,该句为定语从句,由介词on可知,应用which。,whythat/which考查定语从句。句意:我不想听你给出的任何理由。先行词为reason,定语从句的关系词在从句中做宾语而不是原因状语,故应用which或that。,whichwhose考查whose引导的定语从句。分析句子结构可知,先行词为
21、room,定语从句应用whose引导且whose在从句中做定语修饰windows。,-21-,10.Surprisingly,I was given the silver medal,that increased my confidence.,thatwhich考查非限制性定语从句。本句为非限制性定语从句,且关系词指代前面整句话,故改为which。,-22-,The British have many traditions but there is nothing more quintessential (典型的) than taking afternoon tea.We know the B
22、ritish have a love affair with drinking tea,1. more than 160 million cups drunk every day,but it was the invention of afternoon tea that turned tea drinking into 2. popular pastime.This sociable feast involves drinking good quality tea 3. (comfort) while nibbling (小口吃) at nice sandwiches,scones with
23、 jam and cream and a selection of small cakes.And,of course,it can only happen in the afternoon!Afternoon tea,which 4.(design) as a light snack to bridge the gap between lunch and dinner,dates back to the 1840s.It went on to become a 5. (fashion) social occasion for the upper classes.,-23-,Now there
24、 is a resurgence (复苏) in its 6.(popular) in the UK and it is available to anyone who can afford it.7. it can be enjoyed at home,the best way to experience it is at a smart hotel or caf.But if youre thinking of visiting such a place 8.(enjoy) a plate of sweet and savory treats with a steaming hot bre
25、w,remember the rules you must follow to avoid 9.(ask) to leave.Writer Henry James once noted that “there are few hours in life more agreeable than the hour dedicated to the ceremony known as afternoon tea”.Im sure once you try it,you 10.(agree).,-24-,【解题导语】文章介绍了英国人下午茶的起源、流行及复苏。1.with考查介词。句意:我们知道英国人热
26、衷于喝茶,每天饮用的茶超过一亿六千万杯。with more than 160 million cups drunk every day为with的复合结构,表示伴随。故填with。2.a考查冠词。句意:但下午茶的发明把喝茶变成了一种流行的消遣。pastime意为“消遣”。为可数名词,在此表泛指,其前应用不定冠词。故填a。fortably考查词性转换。此处表示“这种社交宴会包括舒适地喝高品质的茶”,设空处修饰drinking,应用副词。故填comfortably。4.was designed考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,先行词为Afternoon tea,which引导定语从句,在从句
27、中做主语,从句中缺少谓语;design和Afternoon tea之间是动宾关系;design的动作发生在过去,故应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was designed。,-25-,5.fashionable考查形容词。句意:它后来继续发展成为一种上流社会的时尚社交活动。occasion是名词,前面应用形容词修饰。故填fashionable。6.popularity考查名词。句意:现在在英国它的流行有复苏的趋势,并且任何负担得起的人都可以享用它。设空处前为介词in和形容词性物主代词its,因此应用名词。故填popularity。7.Though/Although考查连词。句意:尽管它可以在家里
28、享用,但体验它的最好的地方是在高档宾馆或咖啡店。根据句意可知,两句之间是让步关系。故填Though/Although。8.to enjoy考查非谓语动词。“enjoy a plate of sweet.”是去宾馆或咖啡店的目的,故用动词不定式做目的状语。故填to enjoy。,-26-,9.being asked考查非谓语动词。avoid后应用动词的-ing形式;根据句意可知ask与you之间为动宾关系,故应用被动形式。故填being asked。10.will agree考查动词的时态。句意:我敢肯定一旦你尝试了,你就会赞成(这一观点)。根据句意可知,agree的动作发生在将来。故填will agree。,
