1、Unit 1 Great Scientists,Who is he? What is his achievement?,A great scientist Father of Hybrid Rice The man who puts an end to hunger,1.Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float? 2. Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as
2、the environment changed? 3. Who invented the first steam engine? 4. Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children? 5. Who discovered radium?,Quiz,Archimedes/.a:kimi:di:z/ Charles Darwin Thomas Newcomen Gregor Mendel Marie Curie mri kjuri,Archimedes,Anci
3、ent Greek (287-212BC) He was a mathematician(数学家). He found that if you put an object into water, the water pushes the object up. It rises and partly floats. The force of the water pushing it up is the same as the weight of the object.,Charles Darwin,Britain (1808-1882) The Origin of Species,Thomas
4、Newcomen,He made a significant contribution to the Industrial Revolution with his invention of the Steam engine.,Gregor Mendel(G.J.孟德尔 ),Czech (1822-1884) The father of genetics,Marie Curie,Polish and French (1867-1934),6. Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities? 7. W
5、ho was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people? 8. Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground? 9. Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened? 10.Who put forward a theory about black holes?,Thomas Edison Leonardo da Vinciliun
6、:dudvinti Sir Humphry Davy Zhang Heng Stephen Hawking,Thomas Edison,American (1847-1931),Leonardo da Vinci,Italian (1452-1519)Major works:Virgin of the RocksThe Last SupperMona Lisa,Sir Humphry Davy,British (1778-1829),Zhang Heng,Chinese (78-139),Stephen Hawking,British (1942-) Theoretical Physicist
7、 A Brief History of Time,John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”,Pre-reading: Make a prediction about what this text will be about according to the title.,John Snow,British ( 1813 1858) a legendary(传说中的) figure in the history of public health,霍乱(cholera)，早期译作虎烈拉，是由霍乱弧菌所致的烈性肠道传染病(infectious disease) ，解放后我国已
8、消灭本病。霍乱为我国法定的甲级烈性传染病，要求在发现确诊或疑似病例后2小时内上报,Think about other infectious diseases you have known?,Extensive Reading,1.The main idea of the text,2.Read the whole text and finish exercise 1 in page 3,John Snow defeated “King Cholera”,with the help of scientific research,Scientific Research,Basic steps of
9、 scientific research 1. Find a problem 2. Make a question 3. Think of a method 4. Collect results 5. Analyse result 6. Find supporting evidence 7. Draw a conclusion,Why these steps are necessary for scientific research?,Careful Reading,Finish the chart,Find a problem2. Make a question3. Think of a m
10、ethod4. Collect results5. Analyse result6. Find supporting evidence7. Draw a conclusion,-What causes cholera?,-Which theory is correct?,-Gather information when another outbreak hit London in 1854,-Make a map to find out where people died or did not died,-Look into the source of water and analyse th
11、e water,- Find supporting evidence from two other deaths,-The polluted water carried the virus,SolutionRemove the handle from the pumpThe source of all the water be examined3.Water companies were instructed not toexposed people to polluted water anymore.,Exercise Filling the blanks with useful words
12、 and expressions in the text,John Snow was a very expert doctor in London. He thought about ordinary people_ cholera. There were two theories he became interested in. One is that cholera_ in the air, the other is that people _ this disease into their bodies with their meals.John Snow_ that the secon
13、d theory was correct, and he determined to find out why.First, he marked on a map which gave him a valuable clue that many of the deaths were near the_ in Broad street. It seemed that the water_.Next, John Snow_the source of the water and found that it came from the river_by the dirty water fromLond
14、on. After that , he found_from two deaths. Then he was able to _with certainty that_ carried the virus.,exposed to,multiplied,absorbed,suspected,water pump,was to blame,looked into,polluted,announce,the water,extra evidence,Open Question,1. After reading the whole text, what do you think about John
15、Snow?2. Can you name some other scientists nowadays like John Snow?3. What do you think they have in common?,Language Points,1.attend vt & vi tend to be present at an event(出席；参加) to take care of sb/sth(照顾；看护) attend on/to sb/sthattend to sb/sth n. attendance出席，参加 attendant 服务员，侍者 attender参加者,2.expo
16、se ikspuz to show sth that is usually hidden(暴露)to put sb/sth in a dangerous situation（使暴露在危险之下）expose sb/sth to sth使接触，使体验,The meeting was attended by 90% of the shareholders(股东).,I have some urgent bussiness to attend to .,He smiled suddenly, exposing a set of amazing whith teath.,People exposed t
17、o SARS should be seperated,We should expose ourselves to much art and culture.,Attend now to what I tell you,3.absorb vt. bz:b to take in (吸收液体、气体等) interest sb(使全神贯注)词组：be absorbed in被吸引，入迷,4.suspect vt. sspekt /n. s spect to have an idea that sth is probably true (疑 有，觉得)to not trust sth(怀疑，感觉有问题，
18、不信任) 嫌疑犯a murder suspect,Plants absorb oxygen.,This work had absorbed him for many years.,John Snow suspected that the second theory was true.,I suspected her motives(动机) in offering tohelp.,6.announcenauns vt to tell people sth officially (发表、告知、宣布) 宣布某人的到来 显示；预告,5.severe adj. sivi extremely bad or
19、 serious（非常严重的）not kind （严厉的；严格的）adv. severely,A severe earthquake hit Wenchuan last year.,I think you are too severe on the boy.,The government announced its new economic,His servant announced Mr and Mrs White.,Warm sunshine announces the coming of spring.,cure: vt./n. to make a person or an animal
20、 healthy again after an illness(治愈)cure sb of sth to make an illness go away(治好)a medicine or medical treatment that cures an illness(药，药物)cure for sth,Exercise: Finish exercise 1 and 2 in page 4 in your text book.,Instruct: vt instruct sb to do sth to tell sb to do sth, esp. in a formal or official
21、 wayn. instruction,Will you be able to cure him, doctor?,Cholera, a serious disease caused many deaths in the past, can be cured nowadays.,The cure for this disease hasnt been found yet.,You will be instructed where to go as soon as the plane is ready.,1. put forward 提出 2. draw a conclusion 得出结论 3.
22、be/get under control 在控制下 be/get out of control失去控制，不能操纵 4. be absorbed in 专心 5. be to blame 应该受责备（用主动形式表示被动） blame sb. for sth. 因某事责备某人 6. in addition 也，另外，此外 7. link.to. 将和连接或联系起来 8. die of 因而死亡（内因） die from 因而死亡（外因）,1. John Snow was a well-known doctor in London so famous, indeed, that he attende
23、d Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies. 约翰斯诺曾经是伦敦一位著名的医生他的确太负盛名了，所以维多利亚女皇生孩子时都是他去照料，帮助她顺利分娩。 2. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 但当他一想到要帮助患病的普通老百姓，特别是那些得了霍乱的患者时，他就感到很振奋。 3. Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood. 人们既不知道它的病源，也不
24、了解它的治疗方法。 4. He knew it would never be controlled until its cause was found. 他知道，在找到病源之前，疫情是无法控制的。,5. He became interested in two theories explaining how cholera killed people. 霍乱之所以能致人于死，当时有两种看法，斯诺对这两种推测都很感兴趣。 6. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their me
25、als. 第二种看法是在吃饭的时候人们把这种病毒引入体内的。 7. He believed in the second theory but needed to prove he was correct. 他相信第二种说法，但是需要证明他是正确的。 8. It seemed that the water was to blame. 看来要归罪于饮用水了。 9. Immediately John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the water pump so it could
26、not be used. 约翰斯诺马上叫街上惊惶失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。,句子翻译练习 8.被污染的水导致许多人死于霍乱。 9.感染SARS病毒的人被隔离起来。（exposeto） 10.一座大桥连接着深圳和香港(linkto) 11.政府应该为错误的经济政策而受到谴责（be to blame） 12.只有拆掉水泵的把手才能缓解疫情（Only whencan） 13.哥白尼的理论正是我们的宇宙观建立的基础(on the basis of ). 14.被怀疑的那个人决心找出真正的罪犯（criminal）.(be determined to) 15.老师建议我们在上课之前先
27、预习课文（suggest）,language points,the way of doing sth.= the way to do “做的方法”She showed us the way of cleaning it. = She showed us the way to clean it. 她给我们示范清洗它的办法.,与way相关的短语: by the way 顺便说 by way of 通过的方法 lose ones way 迷路 no way (俚语) 没门,别想 feel ones way 摸黑走,谨慎从事 on ones way to在去的路上 in this way=by thi
28、s means=with this method用这种方法,Who put forward a theory about black holes? 谁提出了“黑洞”的理论？ He puts forward several interesting plans.他提出了几项令人感兴趣的计划。 Its an explanation often put forward by our friend.这是我们的朋友经常提出的解释。,put forward提出；建议；推荐,put 相关短语,put up 建立;建造 put up with 忍受,examine 1)检查,审查,研讨; 2)考试,考核 3)盘
29、问 They examined our passports very carefully. The Congress examined and approved the draft budget.He examined the boys in English. He was examined by the police.examination/exam n. 考试,1）conclusion作名词，意为“结束，结论”,form ones conclusion 得出自己的结论make/draw a conclusion 得出结论come to/reach/arrive at a conclusio
30、n 得出结论bring.to a conclusion 结束(完成)in conclusion 最后,It is premature to make that conclusion.作出那种结论仍为时过早。I will in conclusion say a few words about my visit to Tokyo.最后，我对我的东京之行说几句。,2）conclude作动词，“结束；断定；决定”。 to conclude（作插入语）最后,作为总结(= to sum up) To conclude, I think smoking does more harm than good to
31、 us.,analyse (analyze) v分析，分解 analysis nmake an analysis of 分析(=analyse sth),attend v. 出席；参加；照顾；护理 attend sb. 照料、护理某人 attend sth. 参加（讲座、活动等） attend class/ a lecture/ a meetingattendance n,expose v. 1)expose .to. 把暴露于之下（之中） He exposes his skin to the sun. 他把皮肤暴露在阳光下. be exposed to(暴露) 2)揭露;揭发 He expo
32、sed their plot.他揭穿了他们的阴谋. I threatened to expose him ( to the police).我威胁要(向警察)揭发他.,cure n.& v.治愈；痊愈治愈；治疗可构成cure sb.of sth. 句型,control vt. 统治，控制,2）n.控制，统治，掌握,The driver _his car and it knocked into a tree.司机对车失去控制，车撞到树上。 The car was _and ran into a wall.车失去控制，撞到了墙上。 Mr Brown is _the shop./The shop i
33、s _Mr Brown.布朗先生管理这家商店。 The money is _Mr Brown.钱财由布朗先生掌管。,lost control of,out of control,in control of,in the control of,under the control of,absorb vt. 吸收(光，气体，知识等)；吸引Black cloth absorbs light.黑布吸收光线。 固定搭配： be absorbed in =put ones heart into专注；聚精会神 The old man was completely absorbed in the book.
34、老人全神贯注地读这本书。 absorb.into.吸收,blame v.责备；指责，归咎于,blame sb for sth/doing sth 因某事 blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for sth) 应（为.）承担责任，该（为.）受责备 accept/bear/take the blame for sth 对某事负责任 put/lay the blame (for sth) on sb 将某事归咎于某人,look into调查，了解，研究；朝里面看 He looks into her face with great interest.他饶有兴趣地
35、注视着她的脸。【考点聚焦】 与ones face/eyes等连用，表示“注视”,和look组成的其他短语look around/round/about环顾四周 look after照顾；照料 look back回头看 look back to/upon/on 回顾；回想 look down upon 俯视；轻视 look for 寻求；寻找,look forward to (doing) 盼望 look on旁观 look on/upon.as把看作 look out往外看；注意；当心 look through透过看；浏览 look up抬头看；查看,slow down 放慢速度,减速spee
36、d up 加快速度,in addition (to)此外；还 We saw a Mickey Mouse cartoon in addition to the cowboy movie.我们除了看西部牛仔片之外还看了一个米老鼠动画片。【考点聚焦】 在写作文时，此结构在罗列平行观点时，类似于：whats more；moreover。,link.to.把与连接；把.跟.联系起来 Fingerprints linked the suspect to the crime.指纹印把嫌疑犯与所犯罪行联系在一起。 be linked to 【考点聚焦】 同义词组：connect.with.与有联系 have
37、 something to do with.与有关系,announce vt.1）to make known publicly 发表，告知，宣布 The news was announced to the public on TV. 这则消息经由电视向大众宣布。,2）（事情）显示；预示The bright flowers announced that spring was here.鲜艳的花朵显示春天已经来到。,instruct sb(not) to do 吩咐/指导/命令某人(不)做某事 be instructed to do sth instruction n 说明,须知,指令 instr
38、uctor n 教练, 讲师,He instructed me to deliver it to a customer. 他吩咐我把东西送去给顾客。,Those boys were instructed to wait there. 那些男孩被通知在那等。,contribute v. 贡献，捐助，捐献；投稿 It was generous of her to contribute such a large sum. 她很大方，捐助了这么大笔钱。 She asked him to contribute an article on European affairs. 她约他写一篇有关欧洲情况的文稿
39、。,contribute sth to sb/sth,捐款，捐助,We _the poor我们捐赠衣物救济贫民。 He contributed poems to the magazine他投诗稿给杂志。,contributed clothing to,contribute to ：为作出贡献,为撰稿,向投稿,捐助,有助于,促进 Many people had cheerfully contributed to the Red Cross. 许多人都欣然向红十字会捐款。 His carelessness contributed to the accident. 他的粗心大意是造成这次事故的原因之
40、一。 Drink contributed to his ruin. 饮酒促成他的毁灭。,contribution n.贡献；捐献（物）,besides, except和apart from用法之异同 1besides意为“除以外(还包括)” Besides John, we also went there.除了约翰外，我们也去了那里。 Who else heard of it besides you?除了你外还有谁听说过此事。 2except意为“除以外(不包括)” He cleaned all the rooms except the bathroom.除了洗澡间，他把所有的房间都清扫了。
41、I looked everywhere except here.除了这里外，我找遍了所有地方。,3apart from有两种含义： 1）相当于besides.意为“除以外（还包括）” Apart from my mother tongue, I speak several foreign languages as well.除了母语外，我还会讲好几种外语。 He has no other interests, apart from his work.除了工作外，他别无其他兴趣。2）相当于except.意为“除以外（不包括）” I like all the subjects apart from
42、 English.除了英语外，我喜欢所有学科。 They all went to see the movie except him.除了他外，他们都去看电影了。,lead to通向All roads lead to Rome. 条条大道通罗马。 Can this way _? 这条路能到邮局吗?,lead to the post office,导致，引起 _disastrous consequences. 这样一个错误可能导致灾难性的后果。,Such a mistake would perhaps lead to,make sense 有意义，有道理，讲得通,He doesnt talk mu
43、ch, but what he says makes sense. 他话不多,但言之有理。,make sense of sth.理解.弄懂(不易理解的事物),Can you _at all?,你究竟能不能理解这篇文章的意思?,make any sense of this this article,make no sense,无意义，行不通,Your explanation doesnt make sense/make no sense.你的解释是没道理的,completely adv. 彻底地,完全地 completion n. 完成,结束,complete,(1) adj. 完全的,彻底的,
44、The police were in complete control of the situation.,(2) vt.完成,结束,The building took two years to complete.,The new laboratory building_.,will be completed next Friday,enthusiastic adj. be enthusiastic about sth. /doing sth.热衷于，对充满热情 He became enthusiastic about classical music. 他变成了一个古典音乐迷。 enthusi
45、asm n. 热情,热心 enthusiasm for sth. / for doing sth. He has a great enthusiasm for personal computers. 他热衷于个人电脑。,cautious adj. 小心的,警慎的 be cautious about/of sb/sth 对.小心，谨慎 You should be cautious of the strangers. 你应该小心提防陌生人。 caution n. 小心,警慎 with caution 留心，小心地 对待疾病要小心. Disease should_.,be treated with
46、caution,Grammar,Past paticiple,1)在句中的位置：a.单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面,过去分词作定语,the affected peoplea broken hearta lost dog a risen suna broken glass,受感染的人,一颗破碎的心,丧家之犬,已升起的太阳,被打破的玻璃杯,b. 过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。,People exposed to cholerathe book recommended by Jackthe machines produced last year,= peo
47、ple who was exposed to cholera,= the book which was recommended by Jack,= the machines which were produced last year,2)所表示的时间 过去分词作定语时，所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，(或者没有一定的时间性)。,The letter posted yesterday will soon reach him. Have you read the books written by the young writer？,3)语法功能 过去分词或过去分词短语作定语时，其功能相当于一个定语从句。,1.The stolen bike belongs to Jack.,The bike which was stolen belongs to Jack.,2.The lecture given by Professor Zhang is about environment protection.,
