1、大学英语四级 -完型填空,Your Subtitle Goes Here,Your Topic Goes Here,单词记忆 完型填空的特点 解题步骤 解题技巧,单词记忆,字母记忆顺序： J,K,Q,X,Y,Z 最后背，主要在阅读中记忆特例：yield Yield to=give in,高频字母,A: ab/abs/ac/ad/ag/af/asaccess / have access to a+双写（表加强）addict, affect, attain, assumeab,abs (表远离）abuse, abstract, abnormal,S: Sub- 表示在底下，在下面, 次要 Sub-
2、question, sub-health, subtitle, subway, sub office, submarine T Trans 移动，从到移 Transformer, transport, translate, transmit, transfer,Cco,com,con,col,cor 表共同 Conform 共同的形式, 使一致 Coexist, community, consist, collect, correctR Re 重复；向后 Reveal，rewrite, recall,I il,im,in,ir 表否定 Ignore, illegal, impossible,
3、incorrect, irregular Im和in 还有向里的意思 Import Instruct,B: Be- 相当于系动词，即be+动词e.g. belovedbandbendbindbondbund Bargain: bargain with sb/bargain about sth,P Pre, pro 向前的preparepredictprogress E E,ex,ef 表出去 emerge, export, effect, eject en-使之 entitle, enlarge, enable,D De: 向下，Depressed, decrease加强 Detain Dis
4、: 否定；Disagree, dislike, 分离； indispensable， dispute,De-, sub-，under-,over-， up-,post-,Pre-,in- en- em-,Ex- out-,完型填空的特点,三个代表a. 难四大考点：词汇 30% 连词语法 20%固定搭配 20% 上下文 20%b. 简单重现：要想考好，研究前几年真题c. 变态题量大，时间短,单词考点,同义，近义含义比较形近词辨析纯词义辨析,解题方法 a 固定搭配 b. 及物不及物vt+nvi+ prep/adv,例: 2002年真题I just heard the _81_ of the pop
5、corn crunching between my teeth. My thought started to _82_. 81. A. voice B sound C rhythm D tone 82. A. wonder B wanderC imagine D depart,根据81题所在句子的意思， 我只听见牙齿间咀嚼爆米花的声音，可排除rhythm 和tone。Voice 和sound 都可以表示声音，但前者指人说话的声音或各种各样的声音，可排除，故选B 82题考的是形近词的辨析，首先排除imagine 和depart, wonder和wander 只有一个字母之差，前者意为想知道，后者
6、意为漫游，胡思乱想，由此推断b正确,例 2006年真题 In the final year of high school, they_70_ applications and send them, with their student records, to the universities which they hope to _71_ A fulfill B finish C complete D accomplish 71. A. attend B participate C study D belong,解析： 70题近义动词辨析，四个选项都有完成的意思，fulfill 强调履行诺言，
7、责任等，完成任务，计划，为抽象的动作； finish意为结束，完成，强调动作的结束；complete 意为使完满，完成，填写表格，accomplish 完成计划，任务，也是抽象的动作。 Application 意为申请表，所以与之搭配的应该是complete,71题，动词辩义。主要考点是搭配和及物性 Participate in Belong to Study in/at 只有attend 是及物动词，attend the university 表示上大学。,短语考点：,四个不相干动词词组（过时） 相同动词+不同介词/副词 辨析 不同动词+相同介词/副词 辨析,例 2006年6月真题 As y
8、ou pass _ a sequence of sleep states-light sleep, deep sleep and REM (rapid eye movement )sleepA through B into C about D on,解析： 考察不同动词和相同介词的搭配 Pass through 经历，体验 Pass in/into 获准入学，获准进入 Pass sth. On 把信息传给 Pass 不能与about 构成搭配,理解介词的基本含义，不要死记硬背 After 在后面；追赶追求；模仿 He is always after her. She took after he
9、r father The bridge was named after him.,Down 下来，下去 向不好/否定的方向变化go down 下去 衰落,例 2006年12真题 The key _ in the fact that the units of meaning, words, can be strung together in different ways. A stays B situates C hides D lies,解析： 考察不同动词加相同介词 答案为lie, lie in 为固定词组，意为“在于，取决于”,语法考点,连词： 定语从句，状语从句 非谓语动词 强调句型,常
10、考语法点,As 1. as 常与动词搭配 v+as 2. as 表示当的时候，原因 3. as 引导定语从句，常考 As 即可引导限制性从句，找两个搭配such as, the same as As 引导非限制性定语从句，指整句话内容，作成分，可放句首 As we all know, china is a great country.,That 1. 引导名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句 只起连接作用，不在从句 中充当任何成分。 主从：It is+adj/-ed+ that+ 完整句子that 不做成分it is +被强调句型+that+不完整句子（强调句型） 宾从：主+谓
11、+that+完整句子t 表从：主+系+that+完整句子 同位语从句：抽象名词+that+完整句子,That she achieved her goal made us very happy. He hoped that he would arrive on time. The fact is that more than 70% percent of students are crazy about learning English. He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.,2. that 引导限制性定语从
12、句，即起连接，又作成份，做句子的主，宾，表 The book( that was written by him) is popular. 定语从句是n+that+不完整句子The fact (that he passed the exam) was true. The fact (that he found) was true.,Which Which只考定语从句中的应用，即可引导限制性，也可引导非限制性，即起连接，又作成份，做主，宾，表，可与介词连用，可以指代整句话的内容 Yesterday we had a meeting at which we discussed many proble
13、ms Ours is a beautiful country, of which we are greatly proud.,What 只引导主，宾，表从句，即起连接，又作成份 What I said is right What I needed is good What 后两个动词，主语从句 I know what you said I know what is needed 前后都是动词，宾语从句 This is what I said This is what I needed 前有系动词，表语从句,例： Do check the price and _ is offered A wha
14、t B which C that And两边平行，和price 并列，做check的宾语，答案是what ，即连接又作成份,解题步骤,一. 预读1. 各段首句和首段末句2. 连词划线，理解作者的逻辑变化3. 空少句，理解细节性信息2分钟二. 初选答案做简单题 3 分钟三. 检查做难题 2-3分钟,2004年6月 Historians tend to tell the same joke when they are describing history education in American 历史学家在描述美国历史教育情况时，总爱讲一个笑话 由此推断，本文将围绕历史教育展开,2005年1月
15、Wise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further 理性消费是一种正确的方法，可以让你的钱获益更多。 由此可知，本文将探讨如何理性消费。,2006年1月 As a physician who travels quite a lot, I spend a lot of time on planes listening for that dreaded “Is there a doctor on board?” announcement. 作为一名经常旅行的医生，很多时候我在飞机上会听到可怕的广播，飞机
16、上是否有医生？ 由此可推测本文与飞机上急救有关,解题技巧,1.充分利用主题句，最大限度获取解题信息。 完形的文章体裁：基本上都是以议论文和说明文为主，极个别时会有夹叙夹议，极偶尔时会有叙述文 完形的特点：一般会有鲜明的主题；有完整的形式；简洁明了；经常采用总分结构；其同一性非常突出，也就是说其遣词造句都是指向同一话题，说明同一主题的，而这一目的可以通过词汇的同现，复现技巧达到。因此做题时快速抓这些关系住文章主旨，抓住关键词，尽快理出这些关键词有关的同现，复现关系，然后可以利用这些关系快速有效的猜出答案,例 Many teachers believe that the responsibilit
17、ies for learning lie with the students. If a long reading assignment is given, the instructors expect students to be familiar with the information in the reading.when research is _, the professor expects the students to take it actively and to complete it with guidance. A collected B assigned C dist
18、ributed D finished,解析：本题中if 与when 引出的从句意义上对等。前一句中出现的reading assignment ,相应的，后一句中研究任务也应该是被布置，所以空缺词为assignment 的同根词assign 技巧：同根词复现在完形填空中表现的也非常明显，考生可利用同根词复现猜测答案。,例： Before you buy an expensive _, or a service, do check the price and what is on offer. If possible, choose from three items or three estima
19、tes. A component B element C item D particle,解析：item 产品，符合上下文，且后一句也有该词的复现 技巧：完形填空所选文章中原词复现现象较为明显，一般来说，选项中含有上下文已出现的词汇一般就是答案。,2. 总结每种词做题的切入点。,动词的切入点： （）在语法上、意义上、逻辑上看主谓搭配的合适性，即看主语。 要看主语是人还是事物，主语可不可能做出这个动作。 例：doubt v.怀疑，这是人的心理活动，主语只能是人不能是物。 be impressed by 被留下深刻印象，主语只能是人不能是物。 manifest vt.表明，证明，主语只能是物，不能
20、是人。 逻辑上的搭配是否合理。,（）及物动词作谓语时，看动宾搭配的合适性。 （）看动词的及物性和不及物性。,例： While experts were studying the problem, the hotel and several houses -altogether, sliding down the cliff and into the sea. A disappeared B faded C lost D missed,解析 首先排除lost, 因为lost 表消失要用被动，然后missed 不对，应该是 is missing, 最后剩disappear 和fade， 下文出现了
21、副词altogether完全，全然,可以排除fade，因为fade表示逐渐消失,形容词的切入点 （）作表语，看清主语是人是物，注意两者是否搭配 （）adj+n, n是切入点，同时应注意adj与中心主线吻合（）若为同现，则看导向，选择与中心主线保持一致的;若形容词出现在总述中，答案可去分述中找,例： Lets face it: plane rides are _. For starters, cabin pressures at high altitudes are set at roughly what they would be most people can tolerate these
22、pressures pretty easily, but passengers with heart disease many experience chest pains. A. enjoyable B stimulating C tedious D stressful,本句是此段主题句，是总述，答案在后面细节中找 根据下文乘客对pressures不同反应的描述，可知答案为stressful Enjoyable 享受的，tedious单调的 Stimulating 刺激的均不符合题意,名词的切入点： （）名词做主语的时候，看主谓搭配或主表搭配的合适性。 （）名词作宾语的时候，看动宾搭配的合适
23、性。 （）名词前后出现介词的时候，可能通过介词来判断。 （4）adj+n,由形容词猜名词（5）名词+定语从句，答案由定语从句引出,例 The other thing being avoided is clinging to youth in the _ of sucking vigor from its vitality. A. expectation B hope C desire D aim根据前面介词in,选出答案hope In the hope of 固定搭配表示希望，后面引出希望的内容。,例 Though youve got to get them to do it, by help
24、ing too much and even examining _ too carefully, you may keep them from doing it by themselves A. questions B answers C standards D rules,空格里的名词为宾语，考虑动宾搭配，选answers, 因为examine answers 检查答案，为固定搭配,副词的切入点： 与被修饰成分同质且褒贬一致 例 Most people can tolerate these pressures pretty _, but passengers with heart disea
25、se may experience chest pains as result of the reduced amount of oxygen flowing through their blood. A. harshly B reluctantly C easily D casually,根据下一句pains和but得出，空格中应填入褒义词，所以只能填easily Harshly 刺耳的，严厉的 Reluctantly 勉强的，不愿意的 Casually 顺便的，不正式的,介词的切入点： 回到原文中找固定搭配 例： In 1993, the owners of a large hotel a
26、nd of several houses discovered, -their horror, that their gardens had disappeared overnight. At B for C to D in 短语搭配，to ones horror意思是“令人恐惧的是”,连词的切入点： 空格前后逻辑判断（并列、转折、例证、因果）,例 _1_ the number of nurseries in the US also rose sharply, this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. Duri
27、ng the years following the First World War, _2_ , federal, State, and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control over the day nurseries. A. Because B As C Since D Although A. Therefore B consequently C however D moreover,解析： 第一题作者提到美国幼儿园的数量急剧增长，但他的增长却没有得到政府任何形式的资助，由此可见这两个小句之间
28、构成了让步关系，而because, since, as 都是表示原因的连词，与题意不符 第二题作者笔锋一转，提出一战后的数年里，联邦，州和地方政府逐渐开始控制幼儿园，和上句构成转折关系，所以选c,代词的切入点： 明确指代对象+搭配 例：Nurseries were established in various areas during the later half of the 19th century; most of _ were charitable.A Those B them C whose D whom,解析： 此题要求填一个代词代替前面所提到的nurseries, 由于空格所在的
29、小句用分号和前面的小句分开，是一个独立的分句，因此，of后只能用代词的宾格形式them,3. 认识文章结构，理会文章各部分各层次之间的逻辑关系。 句与句之间逻辑关系有七种 并列 ，and , or ，in addition, besides, while 等重点是while的用法,He was so tired he fell asleep while reading the newspaper. That region has plenty of natural resources while this one has none. While she is a likeable girl s
30、he can be extremely difficult to work with. While there is a will, there is a way.,So _ the New England Journal of Medicine last week published a study about in-flight medical events, I read it with interest A before B since C when D while,根据上下文这里应是当的时候，所以先排除since 和before。 When 说明从句的动作和主句可以是同时，也可以是先
31、后发生，而while强调动作同时发生，显然此句是先出版后看报，所以选when 选项while 和when同时出现表达当的时候，选when,b. 转折 显性： 常用 but, yet, however不常用 on the other hand, by/in contrast, on the contrary, nevertheless，隐形：while, though, despite, in spite of, whereas 前后必相反,例 This is why the number of signals that an animal can make is very limited: t
32、he great tit is a case point; it has about twenty different cells, whereas in human language the number of possible utterance is _. A boundless B. changeable C limitless D ceaseless,该句由whereas担任过渡词，连接的是两个意义上形成对比的分句，前一分句出现关键词limited, 因此可猜出后一分句的空缺词为limitless.,c. 让步 Even if, even though+句子 despite, in
33、spite of +名词性结构,例： There are those words with which we become acquainted in daily conversation, which we learn , that is to say, from the members of our own family and from our familiar associates, and which we should know and use _ we could not read or write A. even B despite C even if D in spite o
34、f,解析：Even if 在这里引导条件状语从句。Even是副词，不能引导状语从句.in spite of 和despite表示尽管，为介词词组或介词，也不能引导状语从句。,d. 条件 If 条件从句 表如果宾语从句 表是否 Whether 让步状语从句，无论如何名词性从句 Provided/providing/suppose/supposing +that 假若,例： Most institutions provide courses which assist new students to develop the skills they need to be effective liste
35、ners and note takers. _these are unavailable, there are many useful study skills guides which enables learners to practice these skills independently. A. because B. though C. whether D if,解析： 此处的意思是如果这些课程不可行的话，还会有许多行之有效的技巧的指导，这些指导使学生们能够独立的锻炼这些学习技巧，在此if表示假设,E.因果关系 原因：Due to ,owing to, thanks to, beca
36、use of+ 名词性结构because, since ,as , for +句子结果：so, therefore, thus, as a result. Accordingly, consequently,Because 通常表示直接的原因，引导的从句表示按因果关系推断，用来回答why的问题，一般用于主句后 We couldnt go out because it was too cold.Since 语气较弱，强调已知的事实 Sine you cant answer the question, I will ask someone else.,as由于，比because 语气弱，所引导的从
37、句是不言而喻，显而易见的理由，其从句一般放在主句前 As it was late, let me do it for you.For 并列连词，表示推断的原因，或对前一个分句补充说明理由 It must be morning for the birds are singing.,F. 解释 For example, for instance, such as, that is to say, in other wordsG 时间 Before, after, finally, Until, not until, once, every time, by the time,4. 认清两大原则 帮
38、派原则： 同义，近义，反义，形近 四个选项中有两个词符合上述关系，答案在这两个词中选。,例： Scientists have developed computer programs to show how these changes will _ the food supply. A effect B affect C infect D reflect,形近词辨析，首先排除c,d， Effect 实现，使生效，引起 Affect 影响 根据句意，应选b,例 Many on-line crimes are not so different to those seen in the real wo
39、rld, the spreading of fake data, cheating and blackmail, _ and property rightsinfringements and privacy violations A intellectual B intelligent C knowledge D cultural,答案限定于a和b，知识产权是固定搭配，是intellectual property rights.,例： The most common of the serious emergencies _ heart trouble, strokes, and difficu
40、lty breathing. A. include B confine C imply D contain,根据帮派原则，答案应该在include和contain两个词中选 Contain指一个整体包括的内容，侧重于内有的意思 Include则表示一个整体由几个部分组成，侧重包括者只是整体的一部分。 此题所列举的几种病属于严重情况的一部分，所以应选include,概率原则 a 选项平均分布 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 B a c a a c d b A=3 b=2 c=2 d=1 第4和第9题蒙d B 每五个选项为一组，至少出现三个不同项。,2008年12月完型答案 ADABD CBABD ACDCB ADBCA 2007年12月完型答案 ACDAC BDBCA DADCB ADBDA2006年12月完型答案 ABDAC DBACB CABDD DABDC,综上所述，完型有两条主线主题句 文章主题段落主题 一致关系词汇一致 adj/n, v/n,主语/表语，adj/adv语法一致上下文逻辑一致,
