1、情态动词教案Teaching Aims 【教学目标】1. Knowledge Aims（知识目标）1. 掌握情态动词 can, may, must, need, should的含义和特点；2. 掌握情态动词用法。2. Ability Aims（能力目标）1. Encourage the students to cooperate with others and enable them to formulate grammatical rules.2. By learning, motivate the students inspiration and take an active part i
2、n the course of the class.3. Emotion Aims（情感目标）Build up the students confidence.Teaching Importance and Difficulties 【教学重点和难点】1. 含有情态动词的疑问句和否定句；2. 情态动词表示推测的用法。Teaching Methods(教学方法) Self-learning， cooperation and discussion 自学（独学、对学、群学） 、合作、讨论Teaching Process(教学过程 )Preparation and Self-learning 【自主学
3、习、为新课奠基 】Complete the following tasks.（A 级 识记类）（C 层学生展示，B、A 层学生补充）一、何谓“情态动词 ”？情态动词主要用来表示说话人的情感、态度等，是中学英语语法的重点，也是高考的热点，是单项填空必考的一个知识点。情态动词在近五年高考中主要考查四点：情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法；情态动词与虚拟语气；情态动词的表达“情感、态度、语气等” ，情态动词表示 “必要性”等方面的用法。二、情态动词的特点1.没有人称和数的变化。2. 有些情态动词有过去式的变化:e.g. will would , can could , may might , dare
4、dared三、情态动词的否定形式情态动词+ not +动词原形 can not: cant , must not: mustnt , need not : needntCooperation and Discussion 【合作探究、讨论解疑】Reading-知识问题化、问题层次化，提高阅读能力！（B 级 理解类 ）（ B、C 层学生展示，A 层学生补充）四、情态动词的用法及相互间的区别（注意：这是常考的考点）1. can , be able to be able to 表示经过努力后, 能够做到 ; be able to 有多种形式的变化。can 1). 表示体力或脑力方面的能力; 2).
5、表示允许、可能性。could 是 can 的过去式, 表示过去有能力及过去存在的可能性 ; 用于疑问句表示委婉地提出问题。1) The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 2) -Will you stay for lunch? -Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustnt B. I cant C. I neednt D. I wont2.may 表
6、示询问或说明一件事可不可做; 表示某事有可能发生。might 是 may 的过去式; 用在疑问中比 may 委婉、客气。1) -May I take this book out of the reading-room?-No, you mustnt. ( Yes, you may.)2) -Might I make a suggestion? -Yes, you may.3. must 1). 表示必须要做的事: 必须 2) 表示很有把握的推断: 一定, 准是。have (has)to : have (has)got to 必须, 不得不。过去式: had to3) -Must I get t
7、o the station before three oclock?-Yes, you must. ( No, you neednt. )4) Im afraid you will have to wait a while.5) She must be in the classroom now.6) Mary _ be in Paris, I saw her in town only a few minutes ago. A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. may not4. shall 1) 在疑问句中, 用于第一、三人称表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求。2
8、) 用于二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的 命令、警告、允诺等概念。1) - Shall I place an order with you now? -No, you neednt. -Shall he turn down the radio a bit? -Yes, please.(No, please dont.)2) You shall have the English book as soon as I finish it.3) Everything that he owns shall be taken away from him.4) Your brother seldom come
9、s to see you, _?A. does he B. doesnt he C. will he D. isnt he5) Its a fine day. Lets go fishing, _?A. wont we B. will we C. dont we D. shall we5. should 应该 ; 应当1) You should listen to the doctors advice.2) You should study the article carefully.6. will, would1) 在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问。用 would 语气
10、更加婉转。2) will 表示现在的习惯性动作或状态; would 表示过去的习惯性动作或状态。3) will 用于各种人称, 表示 意志、意愿、决心、允诺 ; would 表示过去时间的 意志、意愿、。(1) Dont smoke in the meeting room, _ you? A. do youB. will you C. can you D. could you-Will you come with me? -Yes, I will.(I am sorry , I cant.)(2) -Would you tell us something about yourself? -Ye
11、s, I will.(3) - Its my birthday tomorrow. Dont forget to come to my party.- _ .A. I dont B. I wont C. I cant D. I havent7. ought to 应该; 应当1) You oughtnt to smoke too much.2) She _ for what she has done.A. ought to praise B. ought be praisedC. ought to have praised D. ought to be praised8. dare 1. da
12、re to come 2. dare come1) He dare not tell the truth. 2) He doesnt dare to come out at night.3) I dont know whether he _ try.A. dare B. needs C. wants D. is allowed9. need 1). 作为情态动词:必须 2). 作为实义动词: 需要A.主语是人 need( to do something ; to be done by somebody) B. 主语是事物 need ( doing; to be done) 1) -Do the
13、y need to take any books with them?-No, they dont need to.2) -Need we buy any new equipment? -No, we neednt.3) This farm tool needs repairing. This farm tool needs to be repaired. 4) -Shall I tell John about it ? - No, you _ . Ive told him already.A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt5) Its a f
14、ine day. You _ take a raincoat with you. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not 五、情态动词的解题例析(1) 认真审题，结合所给出的语境，正确把握说话者的语气、情感、态度、观点等。(2) 认真思考所给选项中情态动词的基本特征和用法，并结合语境推敲答案。(3) 要注意把握时间概念。情态动词无论是表达“ 推测和可能性 ”，还是表达“虚拟”这一概念，只要是对过去已经发生的事情进行描述，一律用“情态动词+have done”这一结构；对现在或将来的事情进行描述，用“情态动词+ 动词或系动词原形” 。例如：（NMET2008
15、 山东，24）Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _ it without you.A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed根据题干中所给出的时间 last week 可知我们已经做完了工作，已经完成，故排除 A、C 两项，再结合 could have done 表示虚拟语气以及与前面的 I dont think，故说话者想表达的意思是：离开了你，我们本不可能完成这项工作。故答案为 B 项。Expansion
16、and Improvement【知识拓展、能力提升】 （D 级 拓展类）（C、B 层学生展示，A 层学生补充）下面我们来看看常考的一些情态动词以下试题均来源于往年的高考试题，具有很强的针对性(1) must 表示推测，意为“一定” ，只能用于肯定句中。 must have done 意为：一定做过某事或某事肯定发生了。 例如： She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam.I guess so. Its not difficult after all. A. should B. could C. must D. might【解析】句意为：她看
17、上去很高兴，一定是通过了考试。【答案】C(2) should (not) / ought (not) to 在中表示根据常规或常识推测，表示“某事应该或不应该发生” ，语气比 must 或 cant / couldnt 稍弱。例如： Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?It _ be, but it is now heavily polluted.A. will B. would C. should D. must 【解析】should 此处表示推测，意为“应该” 。【答案】CThere _ be any difficul
18、ty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.A. mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D. neednt【解析】句意：既然你在驾校进行了大量训练，那么通过道路测试按理不应该有困难。【答案】C(3) can, could 表达推测时，一般用于疑问句和否定句中；can 用于肯定句中表示一种理论上的可能性，并不牵涉是否真的会发生，在这种用法中 can 只能与动词原形连用；could 用于肯定句中，语气比 may/ might 更弱。例如： You _ be
19、hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago!A. wouldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. needntShe _ have left school, for her bike is still here.A. cant B. wouldnt C. shouldnt D. needntIt is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _ be rather cold sometime.A. must B. can C. should D. wouldPeter _ be re
20、ally difficult at times even though hes a nice person in general.A. shall B. should C. can D. must【解析】 两个考题中 can 用于中表示否定的推测，意为：不可能，一定不会； 两个考题中 can 表示理论上的可能性，翻译为：有时候会 。【答案】 B A B C(4)may (not) / might (not)表达一种不太把握的推测，意为“或许，可能” ；might的语气比 may 较婉转。例如： Liza _ well not want to go on the trip - she hates
21、 traveling.A. will B. can C. must D. may【解析】may well 为固定搭配，意为：很可能，极有可能。【答案】 Although this _ sound like a simple task, great care is needed.A. must B. may C. shall D. should【解析】这听起来或许是一项简单的任务，但却需要极大的细心。【答案】B I cant find my purse anywhere.You _ have lost it while shopping.A. may B. can C. should D. wo
22、uld【解析】结合语境可知，回答者是在提醒对方：或许购物时把钱包丢了。【答案】A（二）表达虚拟语气的情态动词对过去的一种结果的假设或虚拟，用情态动词+have done 这一结构，常用的有以下几个情态动词：(1) should (not) / ought (not) to have done 本（不）应该做某事，但却没有做或做了，含有责备或后悔之意。例如：Im sorry. I _at you the other day.Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.A. shouldnt shout B. shouldnt have shouted
23、C. mustnt shout C. mustnt have shouted【解析】对不起，我那天本不应该对你大喊大叫的。【答案】B(2) could have done 本来能够做某事但未做。例如：Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _ it without you.A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed【解析】根据题干中所给出的时间 last week 可知我们已经做完了工作，已经完成，故排除 A、C 两
24、项，再结合 could have done 表示虚拟语气以及与前面的 I dont think，故说话者想表达的意思是：离开了你，我们本不可能完成这项工作。【答案】B(3) neednt have done 本没有必要做某事但却做了。要注意 neednt do 则表达“没有必要去做某事” ，时间上应该是现在或将来。例如： Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.Thanks. You _ it. I could manage it myself. A. neednt do B. neednt have done C. mustnt do D. sh
25、ouldnt have done【解析】根据句意可知 Catherine 对对方为她打扫了房间表示感谢并提到对方不必为她打扫房间。【答案】B The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we go to work tomorrow. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt【解析】老板给所有的员工放了假，所以我们明天不必再去上班。【答案】C(4)would (not) have done 本来(不)会发生某事，但却（发生了）或没有发生。常用于虚拟条件句或含蓄虚拟条件引导的虚拟语气，表示对过去所发生事情
26、结果的假设。例如：He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise, he _ a goal.A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored【解析】句中 otherwise 为含蓄条件，相当于 if he had not hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，这是对过去的一种虚拟假设。【答案】D(5) might have done 表示“本来可能” ，但实际上没有发生的事。例如：What a p
27、ity! Considering his ability and experience, he _ better.A. need have done B. must have doneC. can have done D. might have done【解析】真是可惜！考虑到他的能力和经验，他本来可以做得更好的。【答案】D（三）表达“情感、态度、语气” 等方面的情态动词1. must 表达“情感、态度、语气”主要有以下用法：(1) 表示主观的义务和必要，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，意思为“必须，得，要” ；由 must 引起的疑问句，肯定回答要用 must 或 have to， 否定回答要用 n
28、eednt 或 dont have to,意思是“不必” 。另外，must 与 have to都可以表示“必须”这一含义。must 表示一种主观的需要，而 have to 表示一种客观的需要，意思是“不得不” ，其否定形式是 don have to。 例如： -What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?-Well, it _ be big-thats not important. A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. wont 【解析】Something big?此处意为：Must it be big?
29、回答者的意思是：房子不必太大 那并不重要。【答案】B (2) must 的否定形式 mustnt 表示禁止，意思是“不能，不许” 。例如：When I was young, I was told that I _ play with matchesA. wouldnt B. neednt C. mustnt D. darent【解析】当我年轻的时候， （家人）就一直告诫我千万不要玩火柴。【答案】C(3) must 用于条件句或疑问句中，可以用来表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏要，硬要、干嘛” 。例如： May I smoke here ?If you _, choose a seat in
30、 the smoking section. A. should B. could C. may D. mustJohn, look at the time. _ you play the piano at such a late hour?AMust BCan CMay DNeed【解析】must 在这两道试题中均表示“非得，偏要” 。【答案】 D A2. should(1) should 应该，表示“责任和义务” 。例如：According to the air traffic rules, you _ switch off your mobile phone before boarding
31、.A. may B. can C. would D. should【解析】should 此处表示根据交通法规应尽的责任和义务。【答案】D(2) 在虚拟条件句中用以加强假设语气，表示“与将来事实相反的假设” ，用 If+主语 + should +动词原形，当“万一(会)”讲。这时可省略 if，将 should 提到句首，变为倒装句式。请看下面的例子： If it should rain (=Should it rain) tomorrow, I would stay at home.万一明天下雨的话，我就待在家里。再如：_ fired, your health care and other be
32、nefits will not be immediately cut off.A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be【解析】句意：万一你被解雇，给你的医疗救助和其它方面的福利也不会被取消。【答案】B(3) should 还可以用来表示说话人对某事不能理解、赶到意外、惊异等意思，译为“竟然，竟会” 。例如：You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady. A. might B. need C. should D. w
33、ould【解析】句意：你想象不到这么一个表现良好的绅士竟然会对一个女士这么粗鲁。【答案】C3. shall(1) shall 用于第一和第三人称，常用于疑问句中，用来征求对方意见。例如： Whats the name?Khulaifi. _ I spell it for you?A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might【答案】A (2) 用于第二和第三人称，表示“命令、威胁、警告、允诺、 ”等。例如：Excuse me. But I want to use your computer to type a report.You _have my computer if
34、you dont take care of it .A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt【解析】shall 此处表示“警告” 。【答案】A(3) shall 也用于宣布法律、规定的要求。例如： What does the sign over there read?“No person _ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area.”A. will B. may C. shall D. must【解析】禁止吸烟是此处的规定。【答案】C 4. can(1) can 可
35、以用来表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度，主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。例如：How _ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have only covered only part of the article?A. can B. must C. need D. may【答案】A(2) can 也可以用来表示请求或许可。例如：Mum, Ive been studying English since 8 oclock._I go out and play with Tom for a while?No, Im afra
36、id not. Besides, its raining outside now.A. Cant B. Wouldnt C. May D. Wont【答案】A(3) can 可以表达一般的或永久的能力。be able to 也可表达能力，但常用来表达在某件事情中所表现出来的能力，尤指克服困难能够完成某事。例如： If it were not for the fact that she _ sing, I would invite her to the party. A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. might not The fire spread throu
37、gh the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to【答案】C 5. would(1)will 与 would 可表示“意愿；意志 ”。例如： John promised his doctor he _ not smoke and he has never smoked ever since.A. might B. should C. could D. would【解析】根据 promise 可知此处是 John 向医生表明自己的意志。【答案】D(2) would
38、 表示过去倾向性或习惯性的动作。 used to 也有这一用法，但 used to即可用来表达过去的习惯性的动作，也可用来表示过去的状态。例如： When he was there, he _ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. A. would B. should C. had better D. might In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than _. A. that used to be B. it is used to C. it was used to D. it used to be【解析】第一题 would 指过去习惯性的动作；第二题 it 替代 life, used to be 指过去的样子。【答案】A D
