1、1. Virtue is . self-centered.By right action, we mean it must help promote personal interest.2 (Poverty) was a product of their excessive fecundity.The poverty of the poor was caused by their having too many children.3. .the rich were not responsible for either its creation or its amelioration.The r
2、ich were not to blame for the existence of poverty so they should not be asked to undertake the task of solving the problem.4. It is merely the working out of a law of nature and a law of God.It is only the result or effect of the law of the survival of the fittest applied to nature of to human soci
3、ety.5. It declined in popularity, and references to its acquired a condemnatory tone.People began to reject Social Darwinism because it seemed to glorify brutal force and oppose treasured values of sympathy, love and friendship. Therefore, when it was mentioned, it was usually the target of criticis
4、m.6. .the search for a way of getting the poor off our conscience was not at an end; it was only suspended.The desire to find a way to justify the unconcern for the poor had not been abandoned; it had only been put off.7. .only rarely given to overpaying for monkey wrenches, flashlights, coffee make
5、rs, and toilet seats.Government officials, on the whole, are good; it is very rare that some would pay high prices for office equipment to get kickbacks.8. This is perhaps our most highly influential piece of fiction.It is a very popular story and has been accepted by many but it is not true.9. Beli
6、ef can be the servant of truth-but even more of convenience.Belief can be useful in the search for truth, but more often than not it is accepted because it is convenient and self-serving.10. George Gilder. Who tells to much applause that the poor must have the cruel spur of their own suffering to en
7、sure effort.George Gilder advances the view that only when the poor suffer from great misery will they be stimulated to make great efforts to change the situation, in other words, suffering is necessary to force the poor to work hard.1. An imbalance between the rich and poor is the oldest and most f
8、atal ailment of republics贫富不均乃共和政体最致命的宿疾2. Their poverty is a temporary misfortune, if they are poor and meek, they eventually will inherit the earth他们的贫穷只是一种暂时性的不幸，如果他们贫穷但却温顺，他们最终将成为世界的主人3.Couples in love should repair to R H Macys not their bedroom热恋的夫妇应该在梅西百货商店过夜，而不是他们的新房4.The American beauty ros
9、e can be produced in the splendor and fragrance which bring cheer to its beholder only by sacrificing the early buds which grow up around it.and so is in economic life. Its merely the working out of the a law of the nature and a law of god美国这朵玫瑰花以其华贵与芳香让观众倾倒，赞不绝口，而她之所以能被培植就是因为在早期其周围的花蕾被插掉了，在经济生活中情况亦
10、是如此。这是自然规律和上帝的意志在起作用5. (It has become) an economically not unrewarding enterprise. （它已成为）经济上收入不菲的行业6.There isno form of oppression that is quiet so great, no constriction on thought and effort quiet so comprehensive, as that which come from having no money at all没有哪种压迫比身无分文更厉害，也没有哪种对思想和行为的束缚比一无所有来得更
11、全面彻底7. Freedom we rightly cherish, cherishing it, we should not use it as a cover for denying freedom to those in need.我们珍惜自由式对的。正因为珍惜自由，我们就不能以此为借口，不给最需要自由的人自由8. Whether they be in Ethiopia, the south Bronx, or even in such an Elysium as Los Angeles, we resolve to keep them off our minds不管他们生活在埃塞俄比亚
12、，还是在纽约的南部布朗克斯区，甚至是洛杉矶这样的天堂，人们都决心不去为这些人操心9. He is enjoying, as indicated, unparalleled popularity in high Washington circles.如上述所说，他在华盛顿高层当中有无比的威望10. Compassion, along with the association public effort is the least comfortable. the least convenient course of behavior and action in our time 同情心，加上与之相
13、关的社会努力是人们这个年代，最令人不快的行为何行动方针11. But these marks of wild country called to may father like the legendary siren song.Though the place was not pleasant or disagreeable, my father was deeply attracted to it precisely because of its unexplored, uncultivated natural state, and the challenge.12. “Im afraid
14、the days going to catch us,“ I explained, wondering what great disaster might befall us if it did.As a little girl, I believed my fathers words, and was genuinely afraid of the possible disaster-if we didnt hurry up, the day would catch us and terrible things might happen.13. .from time to time he w
15、as halfheartedly sought for trial, though few crimes seemed to lead directly to his door.In this place, though the police wound make some effort without real earnest to investigate Watson and bring him to court, there seemed to be little concrete evidence to prove that he was responsible for certain
16、 illegal activities.14. The stranglehold Watson had over this section of Florida was not dissimilar to the unscrupulous activities of certain lawmen, other legal crooks, and even governors that our state was to suffer through its history.The control Watson had over this part of Florida was much simi
17、lar to the dishonest or illegal activities of the law-enforcing officials and governors which Florida witnessed in the 20th century.15. There was the little shack, not the most gracious of living quarters, and there was a murderer for our nearest and only neighbor, about thirty miles away.Before the
18、 family built their own house, they lived in a shabby cabin at Gopher Key, close to the merciless Watson.16. King Richard in his gluttony never sat at a table more sumptuous than ours was three times a day.We had abundant food on the island, and even the meals enjoyed by King Richard, who was famous
19、 for his love of food, couldnt possibly compare with ours.17. Despite the unrelenting heat, we were happy to be let off from our hours of school indoors, sessions which our mother kept every day, rain or shine.Although it was very hot outside in the sun, we were happy to be dismissed from my mothers
20、 sessions indoors. we would have to read and write with her every day no matter what the weather was like. 1. It was an idyllic life ,and we lived close to our family and to the comforts and safety a small town could afford这是一种田园式的生活，我们和亲戚住的很近，享受着小镇生活所能给予我们的舒服和安全2. But papa was a man of enterprise;
21、he realized that the untouched Ten Thousand Islands off the southwest coast of the sate were rich in soil for crops and in game for food但父亲是一个很有上进心的人，他知道佛罗里达州西南海岸的万岛群岛还没有被开发，那儿土壤肥沃，适于耕种，而且猎物充足，不必担心食物来源3. This third day out, and the days to come, found us in the unsettled wilds of Florida出发后的第三天以及以后的
22、日子里，我们都在佛罗里达无人居住的荒野中穿行4. Its underwater grasses looked like green ribbons, constantly unrolling, and the trees held thick sprays of wild orchids水里的水草就像绿色的丝带不断地伸展开来，野兰花一簇一簇地挂满了枝头5. The burly arms of oaks were huge with ferns and blooming bromeliads. Redbirds, tanagers and painted buntings flew back a
23、nd forth across the trail, leaving a child with the impression that the woods were tossing with jewels以前这里经常发水的河滩岸边一丛丛地长满了乔叶栎，那些地面上铺着一层绿色的蕨类植物，乔叶栎粗壮的枝干上也覆盖着蕨类植物，俯生的凤梨科植物正在盛开。红雀，唐那雀和色彩斑斓的鸠鸟沿着小路飞来飞去，在孩子们看来就像是宝石在树林里跳动6.The native whites feared him as you would a rattlesnake, but the Indians and black p
24、eople were susceptible to his manipulations本地的白人像惧怕响尾蛇一样怕他，而印第安人和黑人则不得不受他的控制和剥削7.Our new home was more than safe, it was a joy 我们的新家不仅安全稳定，它还给我们带了了无尽的乐趣8.Today I can see in my grandsons and great-grandsons some of those qualities of courage and caring that my father had in such abundance 今天在我的子孙身上，我
25、仍然能看到我父亲所拥有的无尽的勇气和爱心Unit318. But this image, now repeatedly thrust before us in photographs, posters, and advertisements, is misleading.The Earth we see in photos, posters, and ads, which appears so beautiful, is not the true reflection of the world we live in, such image lulls us into complacency.1
26、9. The technosphere has become sufficiently large and intense to alter the natural processes that govern the ecosphere.Human activities have taken place over such large areas and with such intensity that they have already caused disastrous effects on ecology.20. .which could establish itself only be
27、cause it fitted properly into the preexisting system.the fish could play its role because it became a necessary link with the processes preceding it and the processes following it in the ecological system.21. Defined so narrowly, it is no surprise that cars have properties that are hostile to their
28、environment.When cars are produced to serve such narrow purposes, it is not surprising that some of their characteristic qualities are harmful to the environment.22. Yields rose, but not in proportion to the rate of fertilizer application.the farmer applied more and more fertilizer, and the producti
29、on did rise but did not increase at the same rate of the fertilizer.23.their waste is flushed into the sewer system altered in composition but not in amount at treatment plant.People eat plants and animals, and their waste is flushed into the sewer system. After being processed, the waste is still w
30、aste. the residue will go into rivers, oceans, and will have harmful effect on the aquatic ecosystem.24. Left to their own devices, ecosystems are conservative.If the ecosystems are not upset by outside intrusion, they will remain the same with very little change25.In contrast to the ecosphere, the
31、technosphere is composed of objects and materials that reflect a rapid and relentless process of change and variation.The characteristics of the objects and materials in the technosphere are rapid change and great variety.26.But this is done only at the cost of understanding.if we take side in the w
32、ar of the two words, we are doing so at the risk of failing to have a clear understanding of the nature and cause of the war, thus, we lose the chance to really solve the grave environmental crisis.1. We have been tampering with this powerful force, unaware, like the Sorcerers Apprentice, of the pot
33、entially disastrous consequences of our actions我们一直在滥用这股强大的力量，就像传说中的魔术师的师弟一样，并没有意识到我们的这种行为很可能会导致灾难性的后果2. Even if the global warming catastrophe never materializes, and the ozone hole remains an esoteric, polar phenomenon, already human activity has profoundly altered global conditions in ways that m
34、ay not register on the camera即使全球变暖这种灾害永不发生，即使臭氧层空洞仍然只是一种深奥的极地现象，人类的活动已经极大地的改变了全球的条件，这些也许是用照相机拍不出来的3. The technosphere, in contrast, is dominated by linear processes与生态圈相反，技术圈是由线性流程决定The energy sources that now power the technosphere are mostly fossil fuels, stores that, once depleted, will never be
35、 renewed现在技术圈运作的能源主要是矿物燃料，一旦用完，永不再生4. Nylonis not biodegradablethat is, there is no enzyme in any know living organism that can break it down尼龙不能进行生物分解也就是说，现存的有机物中还没有发现哪种酶可以分解尼龙5. living things have created a limited but self-consistent array of substances and reactions that are essential to life6.有
36、生命的东西创造了一系列对生命至关重要的有限但独立的物质和反应7. A free lunch is really a debt, in the technosphere, a debt is an acknowledged but unmet cost免费的午餐实际上是一种负债，在技术圈中，债务是指已承认但尚未归还的欠款8.when the debts represented by environmental pollution are created by the technosphere and transferred to the ecosphere, they are never can
37、celed, damage is unavoidable.当债务以技术圈制造的环境污染的形式出现，然后又转嫁到生态圈，这种债务将无法消除，造成破坏是不可避免的。Unit 4 1. How all my own territory would be altered, ad if a landslide had gone through it and skimmed off all meaning except loss of Mike.The impact of Mikes leaving on my life was beyond my imagination. I didnt expect
38、that Mikes leaving would have such a tremendous power that it would change the meaning of my existence completely. All my thoughts were about loss of Mike.2. During that time of life that is supposed to be a reproductive daze, with the womans mind all swamped by maternal juices, we were still compel
39、led to discuss Simone de Beauvoir and Arthur Koestler and “The Cocktail Party“.At that time, we were young mothers, and we were supposed to lead a terribly busy life full of confusion and bewilderment caused by giving birth to and raising babies. and our minds were supposed to be fully occupied by h
40、ow to feed the babies and things like that. However, in the midst of all this we still felt the need to discuss some of the important thinkers of our time like Simone de Beauvoir and Arthur Koestler and T. S. Eliots sophisticated work “The Cocktail Party“.3. .I would be frightened, not of any hostil
41、ity but of a kind of nonexistence.I would be frightened, and my fear was not caused by my neighbors visibly hostile and violent way of life, but by a kind of formless and hidden emptiness and meaninglessness of human existence. What happened around me was totally irrelevant to me, and I felt very is
42、olated and alienated.4. She did not ask me-was it delicacy or disapproval? -about my new life.She did not ask me about my new life, either out of subtle consideration for my feeling about this sensitive subject or out of disapproval for my new life style.5. It would be a sleazy thing to do, in the h
43、ouse of his friends.It would be a morally low thing, an indecent thing to commit infidelity in the house of a friend.6. I knew now that he was a person who had hit rock bottom.I knew that he was a person who had experienced the worst in life, the hardest experience a person might have to endure.7. H
44、e and wife knew that together and it bound them, as something like that would either break you apart or bind you, for life.They experienced the worst together and they knew what it was like and understood the meaning of that experience. Such an experience posed the gravest test to people. If they st
45、ood the test, their friendship or marriage would be strengthened, and a sacred bondage would be formed between them. But if they failed the test, their relationship would be broken and they would be driven apart.8. Not risking a thing yet staying alive as a sweet trickle, an underground resource. Wi
46、th the weight of this now stillness on it, this seal.If they acted on love, they would take risks. they wouldnt do that or go further in their relationship, but they would rather let their love remain as a sweet trickle, which would flow on gently and permanently, and as an underground resource, whi
47、ch would never be fully tapped but would never go dry.1. Each of the trees on the place had an attitude and a presencethe elm looked serene and the oak threatening, the maples friendly, the hawthorn old and crabby. 这里的每一棵树都表现出某种神态。比如，榆树看上去宁静安详，橡树则咄咄逼人，枫树亲切友好，而山楂树则老气横秋、脾气暴躁。2.There was a keen alarm w
48、hen the cry came, a wire zinging through your whole body, a fanatic feeling of devotion.当他喊我的名字时，我会紧张万分，全身蹭地就像过了电似的，一种狂热的忠诚感油然而生。3.One morning, of course, the job was all finished, the well capped, the pump reinstated, the freshwater marveled at.一天早晨，工作全部完成，这是意料中的事。井上了盖子，水泵重新安装好了，大家对清新的井水赞叹不已。4.In m
49、y kitchen or in hers, once a week or so, distracted by our children and sometimes reeling for lack of sleep, we stoked ourselves up on strong coffee and cigarettes and launched out on a rampage of talkabout our marriages, our fights, our personal deficiencies, our interesting and discreditable motives, our forgone ambitions.我们大约每周都要在我家或她家厨房小聚一次。孩子们总是不断打扰我们，有时我们还会因为缺觉而感到头晕目眩，于是我们就用大量的浓咖啡和香烟给自己提神，开始天南地北地聊天，所谈的话题无所不包：我们的婚姻、奋斗、个人的不足、既有趣又有些丢脸的动机，以及我们曾有过的理想抱负。5.Sunny had given him fresh sheets rather than unmaking and making up again the bed
