1、Grammar: Infinitive,不定式的句法功能 1. 作主语: 往往放在谓语动词之后, 用it作形式主语,为了避免句子头重脚轻。 e.g.:To see is to believe. It is right to give up smoking.,不定式的用法,_ with him is a great pleasure. A. To talk B. Talk C. Talked D. To talking,本题考察动词不定式做主语的情况, 动词不定式做主语, 谓语动词用单数形式, 其他三项都不能用来做主语. 本句的意思是: 跟他聊天是件很快乐的事.,2. 作宾语: 作宾语时如果还带
2、有宾语补 足语, 往往把不定式放在补足语之后,而用it作形式宾语。e.g.:He wanted to go. I find it interesting to study English.,I didnt _ it until you had explained how. A. manage to do B. managed to do C. manage to have dong D. manage doing,本句的意思是: 直到你解释了如何去做我才能做到成功。manage 后面用to do 形式作宾语。,3. 做宾语补足语e.g.:He asked me to do the work w
3、ith him. 在feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make等词后的补足语中, 不定式不带to。,The government calls on us _ our production. A. increased B. increasing C. increase D. to increase,本句意思是: 政府号召我们增加生产。本题考察动词不定式做宾语补足语, 通常用语及物动词和一些动词短语之后。如: want sb to do, wish sb to do, ask sb to
4、do.,不定式作宾语补足语省略to的情况有下列口诀：一感二听三让五看半帮助。但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时, 就必须带上to e.g.: I often hear him sing the song. He is often heard to sing the song.,4. 作定语 I have some books for you to read. 当作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点, 工具等时, 不定式后面必须有相应的介词。,e.g.： He is looking for a room to live in. 当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或
5、代词是不定式动作的承受者时, 不定式即可以用主动语态, 也可以用被动语态。但含义有所不同。,试比较： Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要（自己）寄吗？ Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么东西要（我或别人）寄吗？,At last, they found a house _. A. to leave his things with B. to leave his things in C. leaving his things in D. leaving his things,本句的意思是:最后他们终于找到了一间可以存放东西的屋子。
6、当动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式的地点, 工具等时,不定式后面应有必要的介词。,5. 作状语, 表示目的, 原因, 结果或条件。e.g.:I came here to see you We were very excited to find nobody there. He hurried to the school to find nobody there. To look at him, you would like him.,目的,原因,结果,条件,6. 作表语e.g.: My job is to help the patient. 注意：主, 表都是不定式, 前者为条件, 后者为
7、目的或结果。To learn a language is to use it.,My chief purpose is _ the difficulties of the matter. A. pointing out B. to be pointed C. pointed D. to point out,本句的意思是: 我的主要目的是指出问题的难处。考查动词不定式做表语的情况。Point out 是“指出”的意思。,1. There are five pairs _, but Im at a loss which to buy. A. to be chosen B. to choose fr
8、om C. to choose D. for choosing,Lets try some more exercises.,2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects,3. _ late in the afternoon. Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep,4. With a lo
9、t of problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled,5. Her wish is _ a doctor. A. becoming B. become C. to become D. being come,1. 不定式的一般形式所表示的动作通常与谓语的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生, 或是在它之后发生。e.g.:I saw him go out.,不定式的时态和语态,2. 如果谓语表示的动作发生时, 不定
10、式表示的动作正在进行, 这时要用进行时。e.g.:I am very glad to be working with you.,3. 如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前, 就要用完成时。e.g.:Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long.,4. 当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时, 不定式一般要用被动形式。e.g.:He asked to be sent to work in the countryside.,1. Tom _ when they spoke ill of him. A. happened to be passed
11、B. happened to be passing by C. happened passing by D. happened to passed,Have a try,2. All the rooms in the house require _. A. being cleaned B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned,3. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _the film stars had left. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told,1
12、. 不定式在介词 but, except, besides, other than 后面时, 如果这些介词之前有行为动词do (非助动词)的各种形式时, 那么这些介词后面的不定式不带to,否定带to。,but+不定式的用法,e.g.: She could do nothing but cry. What do you like to do besides swim? I have no choice but to wait. There was nothing for me to do other than wait until the meeting was over. I had noth
13、ing to do but watch TV.,2. 当句子的谓语动词是cant, cant help, cant choose 等结构时, but, except, besides后的不定式to 也省略。 E.g.:We cant but admire his bravery. We cant choose but wait.She is such a lovely girl that I cant help but love her.,注意: but 作 “除了以外” 解时, 若前面部分有do, did, done时, but 之后接do sth. 反之, 后接to do sth. He
14、can do nothing but wait. He wanted nothing but to play in the park.,1. Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong. A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit,Lets try some exercises,2. - How did you spend your weekend, Jone? - I didnt find anything interesting for me _ some was
15、hing instead of my mother. A. but did B. but do C. but doing D. but to do,3. The students did nothing except _ all day long. A. played B. playing C. play D. to play,Put the verbs in brackets into the correct infinitive forms. It is frightening _ (walk) in the road in a sandstorm. I hope I reach home
16、 soon. 2. Experts hope_ (learn) more about the movement of sandstorms.,to be walking,to learn,Some more exercises,3. Id like _ (tell) about the situation before now. 4. The work needs _ (complete) by the end of the week. 5. My father was out of the city when the sandstorm came. He was very glad _ (m
17、iss) it.,to have told,to be completed,to have missed,6. The building has _(finish) by the end of the year. 7. _ (see) a real sandstorm was very frightening.,to be finished,To see,I cant help/ but hope that they will succeed. 2. I cant help but think/ to think that it was a mistake. 3. I cant chose /
18、choose but do it.,Underline the correct answer.,He does nothing but complaining/ complain. 5. I cant help but to love /love her. 6. The workers do nothing /not but drink tea and talk to each other.,从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported
19、_ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. (辽宁2007)A. breaking B. having broken C. to have broken D. to break,C,高考链接,2. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. (江西2007)A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained 3. _ the project as pla
20、nned, well have to work two more hours a day. (湖南2008)A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete,D,D,4. The director had her assistant _ some hot dogs for the meeting. (2008全国卷II)A. picked up B. picks up C. pick up D. picking up,C,综合练习,用括号内所给动词或短语的适当形式填空。 1. Im sorry I cant attend your we
21、dding, for I have an important meeting _ (attend). 2. The workers were made _ (work) over fourteen hours a day. 3. Your suit is a bit small on you. You seem _ (put on) weight.,to attend,to work,to put on,4. Tom did nothing except _ (wait) before his parents came home. 5. Whats the matter with Tom?Oh
22、, his cell phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never _ (find) again. 6. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ (rest) on a big rock by the side of the path.,to wait,to rest,to find,7. Did he manage _ (carry) the books upstairs?No, he wasnt strong enough even _ (move) them. 8. _ (become) a teacher in a university, you need to have a masters degree.,to carry,to move,To become,
