1、11经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy2人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长 the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of peoples living standard3先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology4面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges5人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that6社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable
2、result of social development7引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention 8不可否认 It is undeniable that/ There is no denying that9热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate10有争议性的问题 a controversial issue11完全不同的观点 a totally different argument12一些人 而另外一些人 Some people while others13就我而言/ 就个人而言
3、 As far as I am concerned, / Personally14就达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on 15有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons16双方的论点 argument on both sides17发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in18对必不可少 be indispensable to 19正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes: 20也不例外 be no exception21对产生有利/不利的影响 exer
4、t positive/ negative effects on22利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. 223导致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in24复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon25责任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement26竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation27开阔眼界 widen
5、ones horizon/ broaden ones vision28学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills29经济/心理负担 financial burden / psychological burden30考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration31从另一个角度 from another perspective32做出共同努力 make joint efforts 33对有益 be beneficial / conducive to34为社会做贡献 make contributions to
6、 the society35打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for36综合素质 comprehensive quality37无可非议 blameless / beyond reproach39致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to40应当承认 Admittedly41不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty42满足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of43可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information44宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources45
7、因特网 the Internet （一定要由冠词，字母 I 大写）346方便快捷 convenient and efficient47在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life48环保（的） environmental protection / environmentally friendly49社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress50科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology51对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different att
8、itudes towards this issue52支持前/后种观点的人 people / those in fovor of the former/ latteropinion53有/ 提供如下理由/ 证据 have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence54在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way 55理论和实践相结合 integrate theory with practice56必然趋势 an irresistible trend of57日益激烈的社会竞争 the increasingly fi
9、erce social competition58眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest59长远利益. interest in the long run60有其自身的优缺点 has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages 61扬长避短 Exploit to the full ones favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones62取其精髓，取其糟粕 Take the essence and discard the dregs.
10、63对有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to 64交流思想/ 情感/ 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information65跟上的最新发展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast with the latest development of 466采取有效措施来 take effective measures to do sth.67的健康发展 the healthy development of 68有利有弊 Every coin has its two
11、sides. No garden without weeds.69对观点因人而异 Views on vary from person to person. 70重视 attach great importance to 71社会地位 social status72把时间和精力放在上 focus time and energy on73扩大知识面 expand ones scope of knowledge74身心两方面 both physically and mentally75有直接/间接关系 be directly / indirectly related to76提出折中提议 set f
12、orth a compromise proposal 77可以取代“think”的词 believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion/ belief that “与断绝外交关系”就是 sever diplomatic relations with，sever ，to break up a relationship，即分离，断绝。另外一种比较正式的说法，即 terminate diplomatic relations with（与.终止外交关系）“绝交”的常见表达还有 break ties with，cut ties with
13、例如：It was time for them to leave their house, cut ties with the father and move on with their lives.（他们该离开家、跟父亲断绝关系、过自己的生活了。 ）有“绝交”就有“建交” 。 “建交”通常用 establish, set up 来表达。例如，We have established trade ties with these regions. （我们和这些地区建立了贸易关系。 ）assembly 大会convention 会议party 晚会 , 社交性宴会at-home party 家庭宴会
14、5tea party 茶会dinner party 晚餐会garden party 游园会dance(party), ball, fandango 舞会reading party 读书会fishing party 钓鱼会sketching party 观剧会birthday party 生日宴会Christmas party 圣诞晚会luncheon party 午餐会fancy ball 化妆舞会commemorative party 纪念宴会wedding dinner, a wedding reception 结婚宴会banquet 酒宴pajama party 睡衣派对 buffet
15、party 立食宴会cocktail party 鸡尾酒会welcome meeting 欢迎会farewell party 惜别会pink tea 公式茶会new yearss banquet 新年会year-end dinner party 忘年餐会box supper 慈善餐会fancy fair 义卖场general meeting, general assembly 会员大会congress 代表大会board of directors 董事会executive council, executive board 执行委员会standing body 常设机构committee, co
16、mmission 委员会subcommittee 附属委员会 ,小组委员会 general committee, general officers, general bureau 总务委员会secretariat 秘书处budget committee 预算委员会drafting committee 起草委员会committee of experts 专家委员会advisory committee, consultative committee 顾问委员会,咨询委员会symposium 讨论会study group 学习研讨会seminar 讲习会,学习讨论会meeting in camera
17、 秘密会议 (美作:executive session)opening sitting 开幕会final sitting 闭幕会formal sitting 隆重开会6plenary meeting 全会 sitting, meeting 开会 (美作:session)session 会期,会议期间 (美作:meeting)working party 工作小组seat, headquarters 席位governing body 主管团体round table 圆桌to sit a meeting, to meet a meeting, to hold a meeting 召开会议manage
18、rial experiences 管理经验Economic and technical development zone 经济技术开发区Special economic zones in coastal areas 沿海经济特区One country, two systems 一国两制Special administrative region 特别行政区Contract responsibility system with remuneration linked 家庭联产承包责任制to the householdNarrowing the gap between the rich and po
19、or 缩小贫富差距Eliminate poverty 消除贫困Common prosperity 共同富裕ECONOMY AND MARKET ECONOMY 经济和市场经济Socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济Socialist sector of economy 社会主义经济成分State-owned economy 国有经济Non-state economy 非国有经济Collective economy 集体经济Individual economy 个体经济Coexistence of various economic composition 多种经济成分共
20、存7Sustained, rapid and sound economic development 持续，快速和健康的经济发展National economic budget 国民经济预算Comprehensive development of economy 经济综合发展Strategy for economic development 经济发展战略Theory of macroeconomic policy 宏观经济政策理论Macroeconomic decision 宏观经济决策Microeconomic phenomenon 微观经济现象Traditional planned econ
21、omy 传统的计划经济Stimulate economic development 刺激经济发展Commodity economy 商品经济Market economy 市场经济Free market economy 自由市场经济Developed market economy 发达的市场经济Developing market economy 发展中的市场经济Emerging market economy 新兴市场经济Mature market economy 成熟市场经济Market economy country 市场经济国家Extensive economy 粗放型经济Intensive
22、 economy 集约型经济Transform the extensive economic 粗放型经济转变为mode into intensive one 集约型经济Mixed economy 混合经济8Deepening reform and opening up 深化改革扩大开放The theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics 建设有中国特色的社会主义理论The theory on the initial stage of socialism 社会主义初级阶段的理论One focus, two basic poin
23、ts 一个中心，两个基本点Focus on economic construction 以经济建设为中心Adhere to the four cardinal principles 坚持四项基本原则Adhere to reforms and opening to the outside world 坚持改革开放Seizing the opportunity, deepening the reform, opening 抓住机遇，深化改革，wider to the rest of the world, promoting development, maintaining stability 扩大
24、开放，促进发展，保持稳定Whether it would be beneficial to developing socialist productive forces 是否有利于发展社会主义生产力Whether it would be beneficial to enhancing the overall strength of the country 是否有利于增强综合国力Whether it would be beneficial to raising peoples living standard 是否有利于提高人民生活水平Taking the socialist public own
25、ership as the mainstay 以社会主义公有制为主体Common development of multi-economic sectors 多种经济成分共同发展Establishment of socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济的建立 Deepening economic reform 深化经济改革Relationships among reform, development and stability 改革发展和稳定的关系Deepening of reform and promotion of development 深化改革与促进发展Eco
26、nomic growth and social progress 经济增长与社会进步Strengthen the position of agriculture 加强农业的基础地位9Science and technology are the primary productive forces 科学技术是第一生产力Strengthen the socialist legal system 加强社会主义法制A series of policies and measures 一系列政策措施Reform and opening up policy 改革开放政策Reform measures 改革措施
27、Speed up reform 加快改革Reform of economic system 经济体制改革Reform of state-owned enterprises 国有企业改革Strengthen the management of state-owned property 加强国有资产管理Reform of management of state-owned property 国有资产管理制度改革Reform of commodity circulation 商品流通体制改革Reform of foreign trade system 外贸体制改革Reform of personne
28、l system 人事制度改革Reform of social security system 社会保险制度改革Reform of housing system 住房制度改革Planning system 计划管理体制Transferring the function of government 转换政府职能Open door policy 开放政策Open economy 开放经济Open-door to the outside world 对外开放Opening up 扩大开放Open domestic market 开放国内市场10Introduce foreign capital, a
29、dvanced technology and 引进外国的资金，先进技术和不景气 slump （衰退 recession）二板市场 the second board market中国创业板 China Growth Enterprise Market首次上市 IPOs (initial public offering)市场资本总额 market capitalization法人股 institutional shares内部股（非上市招股） private company shares牛市 bull market法律风险 legal risk风险管理 risk management坚持严格的贷款
30、标准 maintain strong underwriting standards六大风险 risks in 6 key areas (U.S. Federal Reserve criterion)信用风险 credit risk供给学派 supply-side economist第一产业（农业） agriculture (primary industry)第二产业（工业） manufacturing industry (secondary industry)第三产业（服务业） service industry (tertiary industry)主要经济指标 major economic
31、indicators国内生产总值 GDP gross domestic product （商品和劳务币值总和，不包括海外收入支出）国民生产总值 GNP gross national product（商品和劳务币值总和，包括海外收入支出）11人均国内生产总值 GDP per capita宏观经济 macro economy互助基金 mutual fund扩大内需 expand domestic demand改善居民心理预期 inspire the general publics confidence in the future needs鼓励增加即期消费 encourage more immed
32、iate consumption长期国债 long-term treasury bonds支付国债利息 to service treasury bonds财政赤字和债务 deficits and the national debt按原口径计算 calculate on the base line按不变价格计算 calculate at constant price按可比价格计算 calculate at comparable price列入财政预算支出 listed in the fiscal budget结售汇制度 the system of exchange, settlement and
33、 sales经常项目顺差 favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account开办人民币业务 engage in Renminbi (RMB) business出口退税制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods保证金台帐制度 Deposit account system for processing trade分期付款 pay by installment保值储蓄 inflation-proof bank savings抵押贷款 collateralised l
34、oans住房抵押贷款 residential mortgage loan12货币主义者 monetarist计划经济 planned economy指令性计划 mandatory plan技术密集型 technology intensive大规模生产 mass production经济林 cash tree跟踪审计 follow-up auditing流动性风险 liquidity risk操作风险 operational risk内部审计 internal audit抛售 bear sales配套政策 supporting policies中国人民银行（中央银行）The People s B
35、ank of China（ central bank）四大国有商业银行 4 major state-owned commercial banks中国银行 Bank of china中国工商银行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China（）and中国建设银行 Construction Bank of China中国农业银行 Agricultural Bank of China招商银行 China Merchants Bank疲软股票 soft stock配股 allotment of shares实际增长率 growth rate in real terms
36、13年均增长率 average growth rate per annum投资回报率 rate of return on investment外贸进出口总额 total foreign trade value实际利用外资 incoming overseas capital (investment) in place消费价格指数 consumer price index (CPI)零售价格指数 retail price index （RPI）生活费用价格总指数 total price index of living cost生活费用 income available for living exp
37、enses扣除物价因素 in real terms / on inflation-adjusted basis居民储蓄存款 residents bank savings deposit恩格尔系数（食品开支占总支出的比例） Engel coefficient基尼系数（衡量地区差别） Gini coefficient购买力平价法 purchasing power parity (PPP) （衡量使用不同货币的两个国家或地区的经济水平、收入水平的一种计算法，用相等的汇率比较两种货币各自的国内购买力）片面追求发展速度 excessive pursuit of growth泡沫经济 bubble eco
38、nomy 经济过热 overheating of economy通货膨胀 inflation实体经济 the real economy经济规律 laws of economics市场调节 market regulation优化资源配置 optimize allocation of resources规模经营优势 advantage of economies of scale劳动密集型 labor intensive14市场风险 market risk收紧银根 tighten up monetary policy适度从紧的财政政策 moderately tight fiscal policy信用
39、紧缩 credit crunch加强国有商业银行内部资金调度 In state commercial banks, internal capital allocation should be improved.合理划分贷款审批权限 Limits of authority for examining and approving loans should be rationally defined.保证有市场、有效益、守信用企业的流动资金贷款 ensure floating capital loans for well-performing and trustworthy enterprises
40、which turn out the right products for the right markets启动民间投资 attract investment from the private sector适销对路的产品 the right products / readily marketable products国有企业 state-owned enterprises (SOEs)集体企业 collectively-owned (partnership) enterprises私营企业 private businesses民营企业 privately-run businesses中小企业
41、 small-and-medium-sized enterprises三资企业（中外合资、中外合作、外商独资） overseas-invested enterprises; foreign-invested enterprises (Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures, Chinese-overseas contractual joint ventures, wholly foreign- owned enterprises)存款保证金 guaranty money for deposits货币回笼 withdrawal of currency fro
42、m circulation吸收游资 absorb idle fund经常性贷款 commercial lending15经常性支出 operating expenses再贷款 re-lending; subloan支持国有大型企业和高新技术企业上市融资 support large state-owned enterprises and high and innovative technology companies in their efforts to seek financing by listing on the stock market改制上市 An enterprise is re-
43、organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market.进一步规范和发展证券市场 further standardize and develop the securities market增加直接融资比重 increase the proportion of direct financing完善股票发行上市制度 improve the system for IPO and listing on stock markets中国证监会 China Securities
44、 Regulatory Commission (CSRC)深圳证券交易所市 Shenzhen Stock Exchange上海证券交易所 Shanghai Stock Exchange综合指数 composite index纳斯达克（高技术企业板） NASDAQ （National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation主板市场 the main board通货紧缩 deflation中国现代化建设分三步走的战略 the three-step development strategy of Chinas modernizati
45、on drive 第一步，到 1990 年国民生产总值比 1980 年翻一番 Step One: GDP of 1990 doubles that of 1980.第二步，到 2000 年人均国民生产总值比 1980 年翻两番，人民生活达到小康水平 Step Two: GDP of 2000 quadruples that of 1980; people live a fairly comfortable life.第三步，到 21 世纪中期建国 100 周年时，达到中等发达国家水平 Step Three: By the year 2049, the 100th anniversary of
46、the P.R.C., Chinas level of development is expected to be on par with the mid-ranking developed countries与世界经济的联系将更加紧密 be more closely linked to the world economy中国巨大的市场潜力将逐步转化为现实的购买力 The huge market potential that China enjoys will be turned into tangible purchasing power.16适应市场经济需要的法律法规体系还不够健全 The
47、 regulatory and legal system is not well established as to adapt to the demand of market economy.经济管理体制可能会出现一些不适应 The economic management system may not be readily adapted to the changes.一些行业和企业可能会受到冲击 Some sectors of economy and some businesses may be adversely affected.立足中国国情，发挥自身优势 proceed from n
48、ational conditions in China and bring our advantages into play扬长避短，趋利避害，迎接经济全球化的挑战 foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses and rise to the challenge of economic globalization瓶颈制约 bottleneck constraints放权让利 decentralization and interest concessions (in late 1980s and early 1990s)深化改革 intensify ref
49、orm; deepen ones commitment to reform配套改革 supporting (concomitant) reforms配套资金 counterpart funds; local funding of提高经济效益 improve economic performance; increase economic returns讲求社会效益 value contribution to society; pay attention to social effect加速国民经济信息化 develop information-based economy accelerate IT application in economy拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth利改税 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery费改税 transform administrative fees into taxes债转股 debt-to-equity swa
