1、股票配资软件，18950897888。外汇喊单网，职业操盘手带你赚钱！,問題,某公司的股票是否值得買？ 公司計劃擴廠、研發新商品，資金將如何調度？ 某公司欲賒購商品，其是否有短期償債的能力？ 賣得多，賺得多？,The Production executive said, “Remember, nothing happens in this place until we produce something.” The director of research and development said, “Wrong. Nothing happens until we design somethi
2、ng.” The marketing executive said, “Nothing happens here until we sell something.” The accounting manager said, “It doesnt matter what you produce, design, or sell. No one knows what happens until we tally up the results!”,Good financial management is critical to any business firms success.,股票配资软件，1
3、8950897888。外汇喊单网，职业操盘手带你赚钱！,Open-book management(公開化管理方式),Meaning Sharing operating and financial information with employees. Advantage To show employees how their work directly influences the companys overall financial performance To increase employees feelings of “ownership” in the firm,股票配资软件，189
4、50897888。外汇喊单网，职业操盘手带你赚钱！,Uses of accounting information,Accounting informationStakeholders Financial StatementFinancial Ratio analysisBudget typesIncremental & zero-based budgets,Reporting,Obtaining accurate financial data about a company & create reports for stakeholders,Managerial decision making
5、,Managers and owners of businesses regularly make decisions based on detailed information,Control,By reviewing financial information, managers monitor performance of people, departments, divisions, and products,股票配资软件，18950897888。外汇喊单网，职业操盘手带你赚钱！,問題,Accounting informationStakeholders Financial State
6、mentFinancial Ratio analysisBudget typesIncremental & zero-based budgets,系學會憑什麼向我收錢拒繳會費!(不清楚資金運用狀況) 畢業旅行方案：花東、泰國、法國(好玩 vs. 經費) 為什麼每個月錢都不夠用？(預算？資金控制？),股票配资软件，18950897888。外汇喊单网，职业操盘手带你赚钱！,Stakeholders in accounting information,Accounting informationStakeholders Financial StatementFinancial Ratio analy
7、sisBudget typesIncremental & zero-based budgets,To determine a firms legitimate deductible expenses; To calculate a firms tax liabilities; To ensure that investors have accurate information on a firm to make investment decisions,Government agencies,To assess a firms ability to pay for material and s
8、upplies,Suppliers,To determine a firms ability to provide competitive wages and benefits; To use in contract negotiations,Union officials,To assess the risk involved in lending money to a firm,Creditors,To calculate returns to stockholders; To determine a firms growth prospects,Investors,To assess a
9、nd reduce costs and determine profitability; To calculate pay and benefits,Employees,To plan and control operations,Managers,Use of accounting information,Stakeholder,External stakeholders,股票配资软件，18950897888。外汇喊单网，职业操盘手带你赚钱！,Internal & external Accounting information problem,Accounting informationSt
10、akeholders Financial StatementFinancial Ratio analysisBudget typesIncremental & zero-based budgets,External stakeholders problem Is the stock worthy to buy? How about the sales, profits and expenses? Internal stakeholders problem What is the cost of production, marketing project?,股票配资软件，18950897888。
11、外汇喊单网，职业操盘手带你赚钱！,Internal & external Accounting information,Accounting informationStakeholders Financial StatementFinancial Ratio analysisBudget typesIncremental & zero-based budgets,Financial accounting Information that serves external stakeholders. Managerial accounting Information that serves int
12、ernal users.,股票配资软件，18950897888。外汇喊单网，职业操盘手带你赚钱！,Balance sheet & income statement,Accounting informationStakeholders Financial StatementFinancial Ratio analysisBudget typesIncremental & zero-based budgets,Balance sheet,Income statement,Summarizes a firms financial position at a particular date like
13、a photograph,Reports how a firm performed during the periods represented and shows whether the firm made a profit like a motion picture,股票配资软件，18950897888。外汇喊单网，职业操盘手带你赚钱！,Accounting equation (會計方程式),Accounting informationStakeholders Financial StatementFinancial Ratio analysisBudget typesIncrementa
14、l & zero-based budgets,股票配资软件，18950897888。外汇喊单网，职业操盘手带你赚钱！,Balance sheet the asset side,Accounting informationStakeholders Financial StatementFinancial Ratio analysisBudget typesIncremental & zero-based budgets,Meaning of asset (資產) Any economic resource expected to benefit a firm or an individual w
15、ho owns it. A firms assets are listed on the balance sheet in descending order of liquidity that is, in terms of the ease with which they can be converted into cash.,股票配资软件，18950897888。外汇喊单网，职业操盘手带你赚钱！,Balance sheet liabilities and owners equity,Accounting informationStakeholders Financial Statement
16、Financial Ratio analysisBudget typesIncremental & zero-based budgets,Liabilities (負債) Debts or amounts owed to an outside individual or organization. Owners equity (業主權益) The excess of assets after subtracting liabilities.,Balance sheet (資產負債表),Accounting informationStakeholders Financial StatementF
17、inancial Ratio analysisBudget typesIncremental & zero-based budgets,LIABILITIES CURRENT LIABILITIES ACCOUNTS PAYABLE $ 12,450 DIVIDENDS PAYABLE 2,514 ACCRUED LIABILITIES 31,297 INCOME TAXES PAYABLE 7,123 TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES $ 53,384LONG-TERM LIABILITIES DEFERRED INCOME TAXES 9,014 HEALTH CARE
18、&LIFE INSURANCE 6,145 INDUSTRIAL DEVELOP. BONDS 7,500 DEFERRED COMPENSATION 14,923 TOTAL LONG-TERM LIABIL. $ 37,582 TOTAL LIABILITIES $ 90,966OWNERS EQUITY SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY COMMON STOCK $ 243,301 RETAINED EARNINGS 153,156 TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY $ 396,457TOTAL LIABILITIES & EQUITY $ 487,423,ASS
19、ETS CURRENT ASSETS CASH $ 80,744 INVESTMENTS 83,176 ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE 22,434 INVENTORY 36,520 PREPAID EXPENSES 3,081 DEFERRED INCOME TAXES 2,584 TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS $228,539 FIXED ASSETS PROPERTY, PLANT, EQUIP. $ 83,024LAND 7,774BUILDINGS 22,226MACHINERY/EQUIP. 133,601ACCUM. DEPREC. (80,577) TOTA
20、L FIXED ASSETS $ 83,024OTHER ASSETS INTANGIBLE ASSETS $ 87,843 INVESTMENTS 59,252 CASH CURR. VALUE 28,765 TOTAL OTHER ASSETS $ 175,860TOTAL ASSETS $ 487,423,股票配资软件，18950897888。外汇喊单网，职业操盘手带你赚钱！,Income statement (profit and loss statement),Accounting informationStakeholders Financial StatementFinancia
21、l Ratio analysisBudget typesIncremental & zero-based budgets,It reports on how a company performed during the periods presented and shows whether the firms operations made a profit. The income statement matches the revenues earned against all the costs and expenses incurred to operate the firm.,股票配资
22、软件，18950897888。外汇喊单网，职业操盘手带你赚钱！,Content of Income statement1,Accounting informationStakeholders Financial StatementFinancial Ratio analysisBudget typesIncremental & zero-based budgets,Revenue The primary source of revenue earned by a firm from its customers for goods sold or services rendered.,股票配资软
23、件，18950897888。外汇喊单网，职业操盘手带你赚钱！,Content of Income statement2,Accounting informationStakeholders Financial StatementFinancial Ratio analysisBudget typesIncremental & zero-based budgets,Cost of goods sold1 All the costs a firm incurs to purchase raw materials and supplies and then to convert them into
24、the finished goods that it sells. Cost of goods sold2 Components Direct materials Direct labor Production overhead costs,股票配资软件，18950897888。外汇喊单网，职业操盘手带你赚钱！,Content of Income statement3,Accounting informationStakeholders Financial StatementFinancial Ratio analysisBudget typesIncremental & zero-based
25、 budgets,Operating expenses Other costs incurred in producing a good or service, including selling and administrative costs, amortization, and income taxes. Gross vs. net earnings,股票配资软件，18950897888。外汇喊单网，职业操盘手带你赚钱！,Income statement (損益表),Accounting informationStakeholders Financial StatementFinanci
26、al Ratio analysisBudget typesIncremental & zero-based budgets,NET SALES $ 388,659 COST OF GOODS SOLD (187,617)GROSS PROFIT $ 201,042SELLING, MARKETING, AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES (97,070) AMORTIZATION OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS (2,706)PROFIT FROM OPERATIONS $ 101,265OTHER INCOME, NET 4,798PROFIT BEFORE T
27、AXES $ 106,063PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES (38,537)NET PROFITS $ 67,526,股票配资软件，18950897888。外汇喊单网，职业操盘手带你赚钱！,NET SALES $ 388,659 COST OF GOODS SOLD (187,617)GROSS PROFIT $ 201,042SELLING, MARKETING, AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES (97,070) AMORTIZATION OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS (2,706)PROFIT FROM OPERATIONS $ 1
28、01,265OTHER INCOME, NET 4,798PROFIT BEFORE TAXES $ 106,063PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES (38,537)NET PROFITS $ 67,526OTHER EARNINGS, NET OF TAXUNREALIZED GAINS (LOSSES) ON SECURITIES 976FOREIGN CURRENCY ADJUSTMENTS (30)OTHER COMPREHENSIVE EARNINGS 946TOTAL NET INCOME $ 68,472,Net earnings (income),Accou
29、nting informationStakeholders Financial StatementFinancial Ratio analysisBudget typesIncremental & zero-based budgets,If a firm doesnt have enough cash on hand, it cant pay its rent, meet its payroll, or fund its day-today operations. There are companies, in fact, that are profitable but still end u
30、p filing for bankruptcy because they dont have the cash to pay their bills.,股票配资软件，18950897888。外汇喊单网，职业操盘手带你赚钱！,Cash flow statement (現金流量表),Accounting informationStakeholders Financial StatementFinancial Ratio analysisBudget typesIncremental & zero-based budgets,股票配资软件，18950897888。外汇喊单网，职业操盘手带你赚钱！,F
31、inancial ratio analysis,Accounting informationStakeholders Financial StatementFinancial Ratio analysisBudget typesIncremental & zero-based budgets,Financial ratios Quantitative measure that assesses the relationship between financial statement variable.,股票配资软件，18950897888。外汇喊单网，职业操盘手带你赚钱！,Liquidity
32、ratios 流動性比率 current ratio (流動比率),Accounting informationStakeholders Financial StatementFinancial Ratio analysisBudget typesIncremental & zero-based budgets,Current ratio =,Current assets Current liabilities,Liquidity ratios: Measures the ability of the firm to meet its short-term financial obligati
33、ons.,Is there a sufficient amount of current assets to pay off current liabilities? What is the cushion of safety?,Accountants rule: 2:1,股票配资软件，18950897888。外汇喊单网，职业操盘手带你赚钱！,Liquidity ratios acid-test ratio (速動比率),Accounting informationStakeholders Financial StatementFinancial Ratio analysisBudget ty
34、pesIncremental & zero-based budgets,Acid-test ratio =,Current assets - inventory Current liabilities,What happens to the firms ability to repay current liabilities after the least liquid of the current assets is subtracted?,Accountants rule: 1:1,股票配资软件，18950897888。外汇喊单网，职业操盘手带你赚钱！,Discussion,Account
35、ing informationStakeholders Financial StatementFinancial Ratio analysisBudget typesIncremental & zero-based budgets,汽車經銷商 vs. 電腦零售商流動比率 vs. 速動比率,股票配资软件，18950897888。外汇喊单网，职业操盘手带你赚钱！,Leverage ratios (槓桿比率) debt-equity ratio (負債對淨值比率或負債比率),Accounting informationStakeholders Financial StatementFinancial
36、 Ratio analysisBudget typesIncremental & zero-based budgets,Debt-equity ratio =,Total liabilities owners equity,What proportion of the firms equity are financed with debt?,Leverage ratios: Measures of the degree to which a firm relies on borrowed funds in its operations.,股票配资软件，18950897888。外汇喊单网，职业操
37、盘手带你赚钱！,Accounting informationStakeholders Financial StatementFinancial Ratio analysisBudget typesIncremental & zero-based budgets,Leverage ratios times interest earned ratio (利息保障倍數),Times interest earned ratio =,Ebit _ Interest expense,What is the margin of safety in the ability to repay interest
38、payments? Its a measure of safety in that it tells management how far profits can decline before it would be unable to meet its interest expenses. The higher the ratio, the greater the margin of safety.,(Earnings before interest & taxes, ebit),股票配资软件，18950897888。外汇喊单网，职业操盘手带你赚钱！,Profitability ratios
39、 (獲利性比率) return on sales ratio (銷售報酬率或營業淨利率),Accounting informationStakeholders Financial StatementFinancial Ratio analysisBudget typesIncremental & zero-based budgets,Return on sales ratio =,Net income Net sales,What is the amount of net profit for each dollar of sales? Are total costs too high?,Pr
40、ofitability ratios: Measures of how effective a firm is at using its resources to achieve profits.,股票配资软件，18950897888。外汇喊单网，职业操盘手带你赚钱！,Profitability ratios return on equity ratio (淨值報酬率),Accounting informationStakeholders Financial StatementFinancial Ratio analysisBudget typesIncremental & zero-base
41、d budgets,Return on equity ratio =,Net income Owners equity,What is the relationship between investment and profits? Is the firm cost efficient and productive?,股票配资软件，18950897888。外汇喊单网，职业操盘手带你赚钱！,Profitability ratios earnings per share (每股盈餘),Accounting informationStakeholders Financial StatementFin
42、ancial Ratio analysisBudget typesIncremental & zero-based budgets,Earnings per share =,Net income # Of shares,Has large influence on a stocks market price,股票配资软件，18950897888。外汇喊单网，职业操盘手带你赚钱！,Activity ratios (經營比率) inventory turnover ratio (存貨週轉率),Accounting informationStakeholders Financial Statemen
43、tFinancial Ratio analysisBudget typesIncremental & zero-based budgets,Inventory turnover ratio =,Cost of goods sold Average inventory,Compare to industry norms. Is the current level of inventory appropriate, given the firms current level of sales?,Activity ratios: Measures how effectively the firm i
44、s utilizing its resources to generate sales volume,股票配资软件，18950897888。外汇喊单网，职业操盘手带你赚钱！,Activity ratios asset turnover ratio (總資產週轉率),Accounting informationStakeholders Financial StatementFinancial Ratio analysisBudget typesIncremental & zero-based budgets,Asset turnover ratio =,Net sales Total asset
45、s,Compare to industry norms. Is the firm using all of its assets effectively to generate sales?,股票配资软件，18950897888。外汇喊单网，职业操盘手带你赚钱！,重要財務比率與說明 獲利能力分析,重要財務比率與說明 經營效能分析,股票配资软件，18950897888。外汇喊单网，职业操盘手带你赚钱！,重要財務比率與說明 償債能力分析,股票配资软件，18950897888。外汇喊单网，职业操盘手带你赚钱！,重要財務比率與說明 財務結構分析1,股票配资软件，18950897888。外汇喊单网，职业
46、操盘手带你赚钱！,重要財務比率與說明 財務結構分析2,股票配资软件，18950897888。外汇喊单网，职业操盘手带你赚钱！,問題,小明向我借一百萬，期限二個月，他是否有能力還？(流動比率或速動比率) 融資建立高度自動化之生產線，但是利息負擔沉重!(利息保障倍數) 天天都便宜是否是個好對策？(銷售報酬率) 研究所選世選新還是選大葉？(資產報酬率) 股票是否值得買？(淨值報酬率) 股票會不會突爆跌？(本益比),The power of ratios lies in comparing them with past ratios for the firm itself and comparing
47、the firms ratios to other companies in its industry.,股票配资软件，18950897888。外汇喊单网，职业操盘手带你赚钱！,Budgets,Accounting informationStakeholders Financial StatementFinancial Ratio analysisBudget typesIncremental & zero-based budgets,Meaning A quantitative plan for allocating resources to specific activities.,股票配资软件，18950897888。外汇喊单网，职业操盘手带你赚钱！,
